/*    hv.h
 *
 *    Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999,
 *    2000, 2001, 2002, 2005, by Larry Wall and others
 *
 *    You may distribute under the terms of either the GNU General Public
 *    License or the Artistic License, as specified in the README file.
 *
 */

/* typedefs to eliminate some typing */
typedef struct he HE;
typedef struct hek HEK;

/* entry in hash value chain */
struct he {
    HE		*hent_next;	/* next entry in chain */
    HEK		*hent_hek;	/* hash key */
    SV		*hent_val;	/* scalar value that was hashed */
};

/* hash key -- defined separately for use as shared pointer */
struct hek {
    U32		hek_hash;	/* hash of key */
    I32		hek_len;	/* length of hash key */
    char	hek_key[1];	/* variable-length hash key */
    /* the hash-key is \0-terminated */
    /* after the \0 there is a byte for flags, such as whether the key
       is UTF-8 */
};

/* hash structure: */
/* This structure must match the beginning of struct xpvmg in sv.h. */
struct xpvhv {
    char *	xhv_array;	/* pointer to malloced string */
    STRLEN	xhv_fill;	/* how full xhv_array currently is */
    STRLEN	xhv_max;	/* subscript of last element of xhv_array */
    IV		xhv_keys;	/* how many elements in the array */
    NV		xnv_nv;		/* numeric value, if any */
#define xhv_placeholders xnv_nv
    MAGIC*	xmg_magic;	/* magic for scalar array */
    HV*		xmg_stash;	/* class package */

    I32		xhv_riter;	/* current root of iterator */
    HE		*xhv_eiter;	/* current entry of iterator */
    PMOP	*xhv_pmroot;	/* list of pm's for this package */
    char	*xhv_name;	/* name, if a symbol table */
};

/* hash a key */
/* FYI: This is the "One-at-a-Time" algorithm by Bob Jenkins
 * from requirements by Colin Plumb.
 * (http://burtleburtle.net/bob/hash/doobs.html) */
/* The use of a temporary pointer and the casting games
 * is needed to serve the dual purposes of
 * (a) the hashed data being interpreted as "unsigned char" (new since 5.8,
 *     a "char" can be either signed or signed, depending on the compiler)
 * (b) catering for old code that uses a "char"
 *
 * The "hash seed" feature was added in Perl 5.8.1 to perturb the results
 * to avoid "algorithmic complexity attacks".
 *
 * If USE_HASH_SEED is defined, hash randomisation is done by default
 * If USE_HASH_SEED_EXPLICIT is defined, hash randomisation is done
 * only if the environment variable PERL_HASH_SEED is set.
 * For maximal control, one can define PERL_HASH_SEED.
 * (see also erl.c:perl_parse()).
 */
#ifndef PERL_HASH_SEED
#   if defined(USE_HASH_SEED) || defined(USE_HASH_SEED_EXPLICIT)
#       define PERL_HASH_SEED	PL_hash_seed
#   else
#       define PERL_HASH_SEED	0
#   endif
#endif
#define PERL_HASH(hash,str,len) \
     STMT_START	{ \
	register const char *s_PeRlHaSh_tmp = str; \
	register const unsigned char *s_PeRlHaSh = (const unsigned char *)s_PeRlHaSh_tmp; \
	register I32 i_PeRlHaSh = len; \
	register U32 hash_PeRlHaSh = PERL_HASH_SEED; \
	while (i_PeRlHaSh--) { \
	    hash_PeRlHaSh += *s_PeRlHaSh++; \
	    hash_PeRlHaSh += (hash_PeRlHaSh << 10); \
	    hash_PeRlHaSh ^= (hash_PeRlHaSh >> 6); \
	} \
	hash_PeRlHaSh += (hash_PeRlHaSh << 3); \
	hash_PeRlHaSh ^= (hash_PeRlHaSh >> 11); \
	(hash) = (hash_PeRlHaSh + (hash_PeRlHaSh << 15)); \
    } STMT_END

/* Only hv.c and mod_perl should be doing this.  */
#ifdef PERL_HASH_INTERNAL_ACCESS
#define PERL_HASH_INTERNAL(hash,str,len) \
     STMT_START	{ \
	register const char *s_PeRlHaSh_tmp = str; \
	register const unsigned char *s_PeRlHaSh = (const unsigned char *)s_PeRlHaSh_tmp; \
	register I32 i_PeRlHaSh = len; \
	register U32 hash_PeRlHaSh = PL_rehash_seed; \
	while (i_PeRlHaSh--) { \
	    hash_PeRlHaSh += *s_PeRlHaSh++; \
	    hash_PeRlHaSh += (hash_PeRlHaSh << 10); \
	    hash_PeRlHaSh ^= (hash_PeRlHaSh >> 6); \
	} \
	hash_PeRlHaSh += (hash_PeRlHaSh << 3); \
	hash_PeRlHaSh ^= (hash_PeRlHaSh >> 11); \
	(hash) = (hash_PeRlHaSh + (hash_PeRlHaSh << 15)); \
    } STMT_END
#endif

/*
=head1 Hash Manipulation Functions

=for apidoc AmU||HEf_SVKEY
This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures,
specifies the structure contains an C<SV*> pointer where a C<char*> pointer
is to be expected. (For information only--not to be used).

=head1 Handy Values

=for apidoc AmU||Nullhv
Null HV pointer.

=head1 Hash Manipulation Functions

=for apidoc Am|char*|HvNAME|HV* stash
Returns the package name of a stash.  See C<SvSTASH>, C<CvSTASH>.

=for apidoc Am|void*|HeKEY|HE* he
Returns the actual pointer stored in the key slot of the hash entry. The
pointer may be either C<char*> or C<SV*>, depending on the value of
C<HeKLEN()>.  Can be assigned to.  The C<HePV()> or C<HeSVKEY()> macros are
usually preferable for finding the value of a key.

=for apidoc Am|STRLEN|HeKLEN|HE* he
If this is negative, and amounts to C<HEf_SVKEY>, it indicates the entry
holds an C<SV*> key.  Otherwise, holds the actual length of the key.  Can
be assigned to. The C<HePV()> macro is usually preferable for finding key
lengths.

=for apidoc Am|SV*|HeVAL|HE* he
Returns the value slot (type C<SV*>) stored in the hash entry.

=for apidoc Am|U32|HeHASH|HE* he
Returns the computed hash stored in the hash entry.

=for apidoc Am|char*|HePV|HE* he|STRLEN len
Returns the key slot of the hash entry as a C<char*> value, doing any
necessary dereferencing of possibly C<SV*> keys.  The length of the string
is placed in C<len> (this is a macro, so do I<not> use C<&len>).  If you do
not care about what the length of the key is, you may use the global
variable C<PL_na>, though this is rather less efficient than using a local
variable.  Remember though, that hash keys in perl are free to contain
embedded nulls, so using C<strlen()> or similar is not a good way to find
the length of hash keys. This is very similar to the C<SvPV()> macro
described elsewhere in this document.

=for apidoc Am|SV*|HeSVKEY|HE* he
Returns the key as an C<SV*>, or C<Nullsv> if the hash entry does not
contain an C<SV*> key.

=for apidoc Am|SV*|HeSVKEY_force|HE* he
Returns the key as an C<SV*>.  Will create and return a temporary mortal
C<SV*> if the hash entry contains only a C<char*> key.

=for apidoc Am|SV*|HeSVKEY_set|HE* he|SV* sv
Sets the key to a given C<SV*>, taking care to set the appropriate flags to
indicate the presence of an C<SV*> key, and returns the same
C<SV*>.

=cut
*/

/* these hash entry flags ride on hent_klen (for use only in magic/tied HVs) */
#define HEf_SVKEY	-2	/* hent_key is an SV* */


#define Nullhv Null(HV*)
#define HvARRAY(hv)	(*(HE***)&((XPVHV*)  SvANY(hv))->xhv_array)
#define HvFILL(hv)	((XPVHV*)  SvANY(hv))->xhv_fill
#define HvMAX(hv)	((XPVHV*)  SvANY(hv))->xhv_max
#define HvRITER(hv)	((XPVHV*)  SvANY(hv))->xhv_riter
#define HvEITER(hv)	((XPVHV*)  SvANY(hv))->xhv_eiter
#define HvPMROOT(hv)	((XPVHV*)  SvANY(hv))->xhv_pmroot
#define HvNAME(hv)	((XPVHV*)  SvANY(hv))->xhv_name

/* the number of keys (including any placeholers) */
#define XHvTOTALKEYS(xhv)	((xhv)->xhv_keys)

/* The number of placeholders in the enumerated-keys hash */
#define XHvPLACEHOLDERS(xhv)	((xhv)->xhv_placeholders)

/* the number of keys that exist() (i.e. excluding placeholders) */
#define XHvUSEDKEYS(xhv)      (XHvTOTALKEYS(xhv) - (IV)XHvPLACEHOLDERS(xhv))

/*
 * HvKEYS gets the number of keys that actually exist(), and is provided
 * for backwards compatibility with old XS code. The core uses HvUSEDKEYS
 * (keys, excluding placeholdes) and HvTOTALKEYS (including placeholders)
 */
#define HvKEYS(hv)		XHvUSEDKEYS((XPVHV*)  SvANY(hv))
#define HvUSEDKEYS(hv)		XHvUSEDKEYS((XPVHV*)  SvANY(hv))
#define HvTOTALKEYS(hv)		XHvTOTALKEYS((XPVHV*)  SvANY(hv))
#define HvPLACEHOLDERS(hv)	XHvPLACEHOLDERS((XPVHV*)  SvANY(hv))

#define HvSHAREKEYS(hv)		(SvFLAGS(hv) & SVphv_SHAREKEYS)
#define HvSHAREKEYS_on(hv)	(SvFLAGS(hv) |= SVphv_SHAREKEYS)
#define HvSHAREKEYS_off(hv)	(SvFLAGS(hv) &= ~SVphv_SHAREKEYS)

/* This is an optimisation flag. It won't be set if all hash keys have a 0
 * flag. Currently the only flags relate to utf8.
 * Hence it won't be set if all keys are 8 bit only. It will be set if any key
 * is utf8 (including 8 bit keys that were entered as utf8, and need upgrading
 * when retrieved during iteration. It may still be set when there are no longer
 * any utf8 keys.
 * See HVhek_ENABLEHVKFLAGS for the trigger.
 */
#define HvHASKFLAGS(hv)		(SvFLAGS(hv) & SVphv_HASKFLAGS)
#define HvHASKFLAGS_on(hv)	(SvFLAGS(hv) |= SVphv_HASKFLAGS)
#define HvHASKFLAGS_off(hv)	(SvFLAGS(hv) &= ~SVphv_HASKFLAGS)

#define HvLAZYDEL(hv)		(SvFLAGS(hv) & SVphv_LAZYDEL)
#define HvLAZYDEL_on(hv)	(SvFLAGS(hv) |= SVphv_LAZYDEL)
#define HvLAZYDEL_off(hv)	(SvFLAGS(hv) &= ~SVphv_LAZYDEL)

#define HvREHASH(hv)		(SvFLAGS(hv) & SVphv_REHASH)
#define HvREHASH_on(hv)		(SvFLAGS(hv) |= SVphv_REHASH)
#define HvREHASH_off(hv)	(SvFLAGS(hv) &= ~SVphv_REHASH)

/* Maybe amagical: */
/* #define HV_AMAGICmb(hv)      (SvFLAGS(hv) & (SVpgv_badAM | SVpgv_AM)) */

#define HV_AMAGIC(hv)        (SvFLAGS(hv) &   SVpgv_AM)
#define HV_AMAGIC_on(hv)     (SvFLAGS(hv) |=  SVpgv_AM)
#define HV_AMAGIC_off(hv)    (SvFLAGS(hv) &= ~SVpgv_AM)

/*
#define HV_AMAGICbad(hv)     (SvFLAGS(hv) & SVpgv_badAM)
#define HV_badAMAGIC_on(hv)  (SvFLAGS(hv) |= SVpgv_badAM)
#define HV_badAMAGIC_off(hv) (SvFLAGS(hv) &= ~SVpgv_badAM)
*/

#define Nullhe Null(HE*)
#define HeNEXT(he)		(he)->hent_next
#define HeKEY_hek(he)		(he)->hent_hek
#define HeKEY(he)		HEK_KEY(HeKEY_hek(he))
#define HeKEY_sv(he)		(*(SV**)HeKEY(he))
#define HeKLEN(he)		HEK_LEN(HeKEY_hek(he))
#define HeKUTF8(he)  HEK_UTF8(HeKEY_hek(he))
#define HeKWASUTF8(he)  HEK_WASUTF8(HeKEY_hek(he))
#define HeKREHASH(he)  HEK_REHASH(HeKEY_hek(he))
#define HeKLEN_UTF8(he)  (HeKUTF8(he) ? -HeKLEN(he) : HeKLEN(he))
#define HeKFLAGS(he)  HEK_FLAGS(HeKEY_hek(he))
#define HeVAL(he)		(he)->hent_val
#define HeHASH(he)		HEK_HASH(HeKEY_hek(he))
#define HePV(he,lp)		((HeKLEN(he) == HEf_SVKEY) ?		\
				 SvPV(HeKEY_sv(he),lp) :		\
				 (((lp = HeKLEN(he)) >= 0) ?		\
				  HeKEY(he) : Nullch))

#define HeSVKEY(he)		((HeKEY(he) && 				\
				  HeKLEN(he) == HEf_SVKEY) ?		\
				 HeKEY_sv(he) : Nullsv)

#define HeSVKEY_force(he)	(HeKEY(he) ?				\
				 ((HeKLEN(he) == HEf_SVKEY) ?		\
				  HeKEY_sv(he) :			\
				  sv_2mortal(newSVpvn(HeKEY(he),	\
						     HeKLEN(he)))) :	\
				 &PL_sv_undef)
#define HeSVKEY_set(he,sv)	((HeKLEN(he) = HEf_SVKEY), (HeKEY_sv(he) = sv))

#define Nullhek Null(HEK*)
#define HEK_BASESIZE		STRUCT_OFFSET(HEK, hek_key[0])
#define HEK_HASH(hek)		(hek)->hek_hash
#define HEK_LEN(hek)		(hek)->hek_len
#define HEK_KEY(hek)		(hek)->hek_key
#define HEK_FLAGS(hek)	(*((unsigned char *)(HEK_KEY(hek))+HEK_LEN(hek)+1))

#define HVhek_UTF8	0x01 /* Key is utf8 encoded. */
#define HVhek_WASUTF8	0x02 /* Key is bytes here, but was supplied as utf8. */
#define HVhek_REHASH	0x04 /* This key is in an hv using a custom HASH . */
#define HVhek_FREEKEY	0x100 /* Internal flag to say key is malloc()ed.  */
#define HVhek_PLACEHOLD	0x200 /* Internal flag to create placeholder.
                               * (may change, but Storable is a core module) */
#define HVhek_MASK	0xFF

/* Which flags enable HvHASKFLAGS? Somewhat a hack on a hack, as
   HVhek_REHASH is only needed because the rehash flag has to be duplicated
   into all keys as hv_iternext has no access to the hash flags. At this
   point Storable's tests get upset, because sometimes hashes are "keyed"
   and sometimes not, depending on the order of data insertion, and whether
   it triggered rehashing. So currently HVhek_REHAS is exempt.
*/
   
#define HVhek_ENABLEHVKFLAGS	(HVhek_MASK - HVhek_REHASH)

#define HEK_UTF8(hek)		(HEK_FLAGS(hek) & HVhek_UTF8)
#define HEK_UTF8_on(hek)	(HEK_FLAGS(hek) |= HVhek_UTF8)
#define HEK_UTF8_off(hek)	(HEK_FLAGS(hek) &= ~HVhek_UTF8)
#define HEK_WASUTF8(hek)	(HEK_FLAGS(hek) & HVhek_WASUTF8)
#define HEK_WASUTF8_on(hek)	(HEK_FLAGS(hek) |= HVhek_WASUTF8)
#define HEK_WASUTF8_off(hek)	(HEK_FLAGS(hek) &= ~HVhek_WASUTF8)
#define HEK_REHASH(hek)		(HEK_FLAGS(hek) & HVhek_REHASH)
#define HEK_REHASH_on(hek)	(HEK_FLAGS(hek) |= HVhek_REHASH)

/* calculate HV array allocation */
#if defined(STRANGE_MALLOC) || defined(MYMALLOC)
#  define PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(size) ((size) * sizeof(HE*))
#else
#  define MALLOC_OVERHEAD 16
#  define PERL_HV_ARRAY_ALLOC_BYTES(size) \
			(((size) < 64)					\
			 ? (size) * sizeof(HE*)				\
			 : (size) * sizeof(HE*) * 2 - MALLOC_OVERHEAD)
#endif

/* Flags for hv_iternext_flags.  */
#define HV_ITERNEXT_WANTPLACEHOLDERS	0x01	/* Don't skip placeholders.  */

/* available as a function in hv.c */
#define Perl_sharepvn(sv, len, hash) HEK_KEY(share_hek(sv, len, hash))
#define sharepvn(sv, len, hash)	     Perl_sharepvn(sv, len, hash)
