package mb;
'有朋自遠方来不亦楽乎'=~/^\xE6\x9C\x89/ or die "Perl script '@{[__FILE__]}' must be UTF-8 encoding.\n";
# You are welcome! MOJIBAKE-san, you are our friend forever!!
######################################################################
#
# mb - Can easy script in Big5, Big5-HKSCS, GBK, Sjis(also CP932), UHC, UTF-8, ...
#
# https://metacpan.org/release/mb
#
# Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2026 INABA Hitoshi <ina.cpan@gmail.com> in a CPAN
######################################################################

use 5.00503;    # Universal Consensus 1998 for primetools
# use 5.008001; # Lancaster Consensus 2013 for toolchains

$VERSION = '0.64';
$VERSION = $VERSION;

# internal use
$mb::last_s_passed = 0; # last s/// status (1 if s/// passed)

# filehandle sequence counter for _open_a/_open_r/_open_w
$mb::_fh_seq = 0;

BEGIN { pop @INC if $INC[-1] eq '.' } # CVE-2016-1238: Important unsafe module load path flaw
use strict;
BEGIN { if ($] < 5.006 && !defined(&warnings::import)) { $INC{'warnings.pm'} = 'stub'; eval 'package warnings; sub import {}' } } use warnings; local $^W=1;

# set OSNAME
my $OSNAME = $^O;

# encoding name of operating system
my $system_encoding = undef;

# encoding name of MBCS script
my $script_encoding = undef;

# over US-ASCII
my $over_ascii = undef;

# supports qr/./ in MBCS script
my $x = undef;

# supports [\b] \d \h \s \v \w in MBCS script
my $bare_backspace = '\x08';
my $bare_d = '0123456789';
my $bare_h = '\x09\x20';
my $bare_s = '\t\n\f\r\x20';
my $bare_v = '\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D';
my $bare_w = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_';

# as many escapes as possible to avoid perl's feature
my $escapee_in_qq_like = join('', map {"\\$_"} grep( ! /[A-Za-z0-9_]/, map { CORE::chr } 0x21..0x7E));

# as less escapes as possible to avoid over-escaping
my $escapee_in_q__like = '\\' . "\x5C";

# generic linebreak
my $R = '(?>\\r\\n|\\r|\\n)';

# check running perl interpreter
if ($^X =~ /jperl/i) {
    die "script '@{[__FILE__]}' can run on only perl, not JPerl\n";
}

# this file is used as command on command line
if ($0 eq __FILE__) {

    # register this modulino in %INC so that a "use mb;" / "require mb" inside an
    # in-process transpiled script (see sub main) is satisfied by the already
    # loaded modulino instead of reloading mb.pm (which would emit a flood of
    # "Subroutine ... redefined" warnings).  This mirrors the child-interpreter
    # path, where -Mmb=ver,enc already populates $INC{'mb.pm'}.
    $INC{'mb.pm'} = __FILE__ if not exists $INC{'mb.pm'};

    main();
}

######################################################################
# main program
######################################################################

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# running as module, runtime routines
sub import {
    my $self = shift @_;

    # confirm version
    if (defined($_[0]) and ($_[0] =~ /\A [0-9] /xms)) {
        if ($_[0] ne $mb::VERSION) {
            my($package, $filename, $line) = caller;
            die "$filename requires @{[__PACKAGE__]} $_[0], however @{[__FILE__]} am only $mb::VERSION, stopped at $filename line $line.\n";
        }
        shift @_;
    }

    # scan import arguments
    my $want_runtime = 0; # *mb or %mb requested -> runtime interface, no filter
    my $encoding     = undef;
    for my $arg (@_) {
        if (($arg eq '*mb') or ($arg eq '%mb')) {
            $want_runtime = 1;
        }
        elsif ($arg =~ /\A (?: big5 | big5hkscs | eucjp | gb18030 | gbk | rfc2279 | sjis | uhc | utf8 | wtf8 ) \z/xms) {
            $encoding = $arg;
        }
        else {
            die "@{[__FILE__]} import argument '$arg' not supported (use one of: *mb, %mb, big5, big5hkscs, eucjp, gb18030, gbk, rfc2279, sjis, uhc, utf8, wtf8).\n";
        }
    }

    # set system encoding
    $system_encoding = detect_system_encoding();

    # set script encoding
    if (defined $encoding) {
        mb::set_script_encoding($encoding);
    }
    else {
        mb::set_script_encoding($system_encoding);
    }

    # tie my %mb, __PACKAGE__; # makes: Parentheses missing around "my" list
    no strict qw(refs);
    tie my %mb, 'mb';
    *{caller().'::mb'} = { %mb };

    # $^X($EXECUTABLE_NAME) for execute MBCS Perl script
    $mb::PERL = qq{$^X @{[__FILE__]}};
    $mb::PERL = $mb::PERL; # to avoid: Name "mb::PERL" used only once: possible typo at ...

    # original $0($PROGRAM_NAME) before transpile
    ($mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME = $0) =~ s/\.oo(\.[^.]+)\z/$1/;
    $mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME = $mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME; # to avoid: Name "mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME" used only once: possible typo at ...

    # Sjis software compatible subroutines
    my $old_package = mb::get_old_package();
    for my $subroutine (qw( chop chr do dosglob eval getc index index_byte length ord require reverse rindex rindex_byte substr tr )) {
        *{$old_package . $subroutine} = \&{"mb::$subroutine"};
    }

    # path 1: opportunistic source code filter
    #
    # Installed for "use mb;" style loading (no *mb/%mb token) and not when
    # running an already transpiled *.oo script through -Mmb=ver,enc (the
    # modulino sets PERL_MB_OCTET in that case, see sub main).
    #
    # ADDITIVE GUARD (zero regression): a script that calls
    # mb::set_script_encoding() itself is, by construction, an octet-oriented
    # / runtime-managed script (this is mb's long-standing "use mb; then call
    # mb::* functions on octet data" convention, used throughout t/*.t).  Such
    # a script must NOT have its own source transpiled, so the filter passes it
    # through unchanged.  Only a genuine path-1 script -- one that does not
    # manage the encoding at run time -- is auto-transpiled.  This keeps every
    # pre-existing "use mb;" caller behaving exactly as before (it was never
    # source-filtered, because no filter existed in mb-0.63) while still letting
    # a plain "use mb;" / "use mb 'utf8';" script be transpiled with no modulino.
    #
    # Filter::Util::Call has been a core module since perl 5.8.0; it is only
    # require()d at run time, so no extra dependency is declared.  On perl
    # 5.005_03 / 5.6 the filter is unavailable and "use mb;" loads as a plain
    # runtime import (the modulino remains the way to transpile there).
    if ((not $want_runtime) and (not $ENV{'PERL_MB_OCTET'}) and ($] >= 5.008)) {
        if (eval { require Filter::Util::Call; 1 }) {
            my $done = 0;
            Filter::Util::Call::filter_add(sub {
                return 0 if $done;
                my $buffer = '';
                my $status = 0;
                while (($status = Filter::Util::Call::filter_read()) > 0) {
                    $buffer .= $_;
                    $_ = '';
                }
                if ($status == 0) {
                    # runtime-managed (octet-oriented) script: pass through as is
                    if ($buffer =~ /\b mb::set_script_encoding \s* \(/xms) {
                        $_ = $buffer;
                    }
                    else {
                        $_ = mb::_insert_source_encoding_unimport(mb::parse($buffer));
                    }
                    $done = 1;
                    return 1;
                }
                return $status;
            });
        }
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# running as command
sub main {

    # usage
    if (scalar(@ARGV) == 0) {
        die <<END;
usage:

perl mb.pm              script_by_mbcs.pl (auto detect)
perl mb.pm -e big5      script_by_big5.pl
perl mb.pm -e big5hkscs script_by_big5hkscs.pl
perl mb.pm -e eucjp     script_by_eucjp.pl
perl mb.pm -e gb18030   script_by_gb18030.pl
perl mb.pm -e gbk       script_by_gbk.pl
perl mb.pm -e rfc2279   script_by_rfc2279.pl
perl mb.pm -e sjis      script_by_sjis.pl
perl mb.pm -e sjis      script_by_cp932.pl
perl mb.pm -e uhc       script_by_uhc.pl
perl mb.pm -e utf8      script_by_utf8.pl
perl mb.pm -e wtf8      script_by_wtf8.pl

perl mb.pm script.pl ??-DOS-like *wildcard* available

END
    }

    # set system encoding
    $system_encoding = detect_system_encoding();

    # set script encoding from command line
    my $encoding = '';
    if (($encoding) = $ARGV[0] =~ /\A -e ( .+ ) \z/xms) {
        if ($encoding =~ /\A (?: big5 | big5hkscs | eucjp | gb18030 | gbk | rfc2279 | sjis | uhc | utf8 | wtf8 ) \z/xms) {
            mb::set_script_encoding($encoding);
            shift @ARGV;
        }
        else {
            die "script_encoding '$encoding' not supported (use one of: big5, big5hkscs, eucjp, gb18030, gbk, rfc2279, sjis, uhc, utf8, wtf8).\n";
        }
    }
    elsif ($ARGV[0] =~ /\A -e \z/xms) {
        $encoding = $ARGV[1];
        if ($encoding =~ /\A (?: big5 | big5hkscs | eucjp | gb18030 | gbk | rfc2279 | sjis | uhc | utf8 | wtf8 ) \z/xms) {
            mb::set_script_encoding($encoding);
            shift @ARGV;
            shift @ARGV;
        }
        else {
            die "script_encoding '$encoding' not supported (use one of: big5, big5hkscs, eucjp, gb18030, gbk, rfc2279, sjis, uhc, utf8, wtf8).\n";
        }
    }
    else {
        mb::set_script_encoding($system_encoding);
    }

    # remember the target script name and read its source once
    my $script = $ARGV[0];

    # read application script
    my $rfh = mb::_open_r($script) or die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): can't open file: $script\n";

    # sysread(...) has hidden binmode($fh) that's not portable
    # local $_; sysread($fh, $_, -s $ARGV[0]);
    local $_ = CORE::do { local $/; no strict 'refs'; readline(*{$rfh}) };
    { no strict 'refs'; close($rfh) }
    my $source = $_;

    # @ARGV wildcard globbing
    if ($OSNAME =~ /MSWin32/) {
        my @argv = ();
        for (@ARGV) {

            # has space
            if (/\A (?:$x)*? [ ] /xms) {
                if (my @glob = mb::dosglob(qq{"$_"})) {
                    push @argv, @glob;
                }
                else {
                    push @argv, $_;
                }
            }

            # has wildcard metachar
            elsif (/\A (?:$x)*? [*?] /xms) {
                if (my @glob = mb::dosglob($_)) {
                    push @argv, @glob;
                }
                else {
                    push @argv, $_;
                }
            }

            # no wildcard globbing
            else {
                push @argv, $_;
            }
        }
        @ARGV = @argv;
    }

    # Strategy for <DATA>:
    #   - no __DATA__/__END__ : transpile and run in-process by CORE::eval
    #                           (no temporary file is created)
    #   - has __DATA__/__END__: a string eval cannot provide a working <DATA>
    #                           handle, so write a *.oo script and run it as a
    #                           real file through a child interpreter.
    if ($source =~ /^__(?:END|DATA)__\b/m) {

        # poor "make": (re)transpile to *.oo only when stale
        (my $script_oo = $script) =~ s{\A (.*) \. ([^.]+) \z}{$1.oo.$2}xms;
        if (
            (not -e $script_oo)                   or
            (mtime($script_oo) <= mtime($script)) or
            (mtime($script_oo) <= mtime(__FILE__))
        ) {

            # poor file locking
            local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { rmdir "$script.lock"; };
            if (mkdir "$script.lock", 0755) {
                my $wfh = mb::_open_w($script_oo) or die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): can't open file: $script_oo\n";
                { no strict 'refs'; print {*{$wfh}} mb::_insert_source_encoding_unimport(mb::parse($source)) }
                { no strict 'refs'; close($wfh) }
                rmdir "$script.lock";
            }
            else {
                die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): can't mkdir: $script.lock\n";
            }
        }

        # locate this module for the child interpreter
        my $module_path = '';
        my $module_name = '';
        my $quote = '';
        if ($OSNAME =~ /MSWin32/) {
            if ($0 =~ m{ ([^\/\\]+)\.pm \z}xmsi) {
                ($module_path, $module_name) = ($`, $1);
                $module_path ||= '.';
                $module_path =~ s{ [\/\\] \z}{}xms;
            }
            else {
                die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): can't run as module.\n";
            }
            $quote = q{"};
        }
        else {
            if ($0 =~ m{ ([^\/]+)\.pm \z}xmsi) {
                ($module_path, $module_name) = ($`, $1);
                $module_path ||= '.';
                $module_path =~ s{ / \z}{}xms;
            }
            else {
                die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): can't run as module.\n";
            }
            $quote = q{'};
        }

        # run octet-oriented script
        # PERL_MB_OCTET tells the child interpreter (which loads -Mmb=ver,enc) not
        # to install the path-1 source filter on the already transpiled *.oo script.
        $| = 1;
        local $ENV{'PERL_MB_OCTET'} = 1;
        system($^X, "-I$module_path", "-M$module_name=$mb::VERSION,$script_encoding", map { / / ? "$quote$_$quote" : $_ } $script_oo, @ARGV[1..$#ARGV]);
        exit($? >> 8);
    }
    else {

        # transpile and run in-process (no temporary file is created)
        my $transpiled = mb::_insert_source_encoding_unimport(mb::parse($source));

        # make the script see its own name and its own arguments
        local $0    = $script;
        local @ARGV = @ARGV[1..$#ARGV];

        # escape the file name for the #line directive so error messages
        # point back at the original script with correct line numbers
        (my $filename = $script) =~ s/([\\"])/\\$1/g;
        my $code = "package main;\n#line 1 \"$filename\"\n" . $transpiled;

        # PERL_MB_OCTET keeps any "use mb ..." inside the transpiled source from
        # re-installing the path-1 source filter (which would transpile twice).
        $| = 1;
        local $ENV{'PERL_MB_OCTET'} = 1;
        CORE::eval $code;
        if ($@) {
            print STDERR $@;
            exit 1;
        }
        exit 0;
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# cluck() for MBCS encoding
sub cluck {
    my $i = 0;
    my @cluck = ();
    while (my($package, $filename, $line, $subroutine) = caller($i)) {
        push @cluck, "[$i] $filename($line) $subroutine\n";
        $i++;
    }
    print STDERR "\n", @_, "\n";
    print STDERR CORE::reverse @cluck;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# confess() for MBCS encoding
sub confess {
    my $i = 0;
    my @confess = ();
    while (my($package, $filename, $line, $subroutine) = caller($i)) {
        push @confess, "[$i] $filename($line) $subroutine\n";
        $i++;
    }
    print STDERR "\n", @_, "\n";
    print STDERR CORE::reverse @confess;
    die;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# short cut of (stat(file))[9]
sub mtime {
    my($file) = @_;
    return ((stat $file)[9]);
}

######################################################################
# subroutines for MBCS application programmers
######################################################################

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# chop() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::chop (@) {
    my $chop = '';
    for (@_ ? @_ : $_) {
        if (my @x = /\G$x/g) {
            $chop = pop @x;
            $_ = join '', @x;
        }
    }
    return $chop;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# chr() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::chr (;$) {
    my $number = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;

# Negative values give the Unicode replacement character (chr(0xfffd)),
# except under the bytes pragma, where the low eight bits of the value
# (truncated to an integer) are used.

    my @octet = ();
    CORE::do {
        unshift @octet, ($number % 0x100);
        $number = int($number / 0x100);
    } while ($number > 0);
    return pack 'C*', @octet;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# do FILE for MBCS encoding
sub mb::do ($) {
    my($file) = @_;
    for my $prefix_file ($file, map { "$_/$file" } @INC) {
        if (-f $prefix_file) {

            # poor "make"
            (my $prefix_file_oo = $prefix_file) =~ s{\A (.*) \. ([^.]+) \z}{$1.oo.$2}xms;
            if (
                (not -e $prefix_file_oo)                        or
                (mtime($prefix_file_oo) <= mtime($prefix_file)) or
                (mtime($prefix_file_oo) <= mtime(__FILE__))
            ) {
                my $fh = mb::_open_r($prefix_file) or confess "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): can't open file: $prefix_file\n";
                local $_ = CORE::do { local $/; no strict 'refs'; readline(*{$fh}) };
                { no strict 'refs'; close($fh) }

                # poor file locking
                local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { rmdir "$prefix_file.lock"; };
                if (mkdir "$prefix_file.lock", 0755) {
                    my $fh = mb::_open_w($prefix_file_oo) or confess "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): can't open file: $prefix_file_oo\n";
                    { no strict 'refs'; print {*{$fh}} mb::_insert_source_encoding_unimport(mb::parse()) }
                    { no strict 'refs'; close($fh) }
                    rmdir "$prefix_file.lock";
                }
                else {
                    confess "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): can't mkdir: $prefix_file.lock\n";
                }
            }
            $INC{$file} = $prefix_file_oo;

            # run as Perl script
            # must use CORE::do to use <DATA>, because CORE::eval cannot do it
            # moreover "goto &CORE::do" doesn't work
            return CORE::eval sprintf(<<'END', (caller)[0,2,1]);
package %s;
#line %s "%s"
CORE::do "$prefix_file_oo";
END
        }
    }
    confess "Can't find $file in \@INC";
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# DOS-like glob() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::dosglob (;$) {
    my $expr = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;
    my @glob = ();

    # works on not MSWin32
    if ($OSNAME !~ /MSWin32/) {
        @glob = CORE::glob($expr);
    }

    # works on MSWin32
    else {

        # gets pattern
        while ($expr =~ s{\A [\x20]* ( "(?:$x)+?" | (?:(?!["\x20])$x)+ ) }{}xms) {
            my $pattern = $1;

            # avoids command injection
            next if $pattern =~ /\G${mb::_anchor} \& /xms;
            next if $pattern =~ /\G${mb::_anchor} \( /xms;
            next if $pattern =~ /\G${mb::_anchor} \) /xms;
            next if $pattern =~ /\G${mb::_anchor} \< /xms;
            next if $pattern =~ /\G${mb::_anchor} \> /xms;
            next if $pattern =~ /\G${mb::_anchor} \^ /xms;
            next if $pattern =~ /\G${mb::_anchor} \| /xms;

            # makes globbing result
            mb::tr($pattern, '/', "\x5C");
            if (my($dir) = $pattern =~ m{\A ($x*) \\ }xms) {
                push @glob, map { "$dir\\$_" } CORE::split /\n/, `DIR /B $pattern 2>NUL`;
            }
            else {
                push @glob,                    CORE::split /\n/, `DIR /B $pattern 2>NUL`;
            }
        }
    }

    # returns globbing result
    my %glob = map { $_ => 1 } @glob;
    return sort { (mb::uc($a) cmp mb::uc($b)) || ($a cmp $b) } keys %glob;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# eval STRING for MBCS encoding
sub mb::eval (;$) {
    local $_ = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;

    # run as Perl script in caller package
    return CORE::eval sprintf(<<'END', (caller)[0,2,1], mb::parse());
package %s;
#line %s "%s"
%s
END
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# getc() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::getc (;*) {
    my $fh = @_ ? shift(@_) : \*STDIN;
    confess 'Too many arguments for mb::getc' if @_ and not wantarray;
    my $getc = CORE::getc $fh;
    if ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: sjis ) \z/xms) {
        if ($getc =~ /\A [\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC] \z/xms) {
            $getc .= CORE::getc $fh;
        }
    }
    elsif ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: eucjp ) \z/xms) {
        if ($getc =~ /\A [\xA1-\xFE] \z/xms) {
            $getc .= CORE::getc $fh;
        }
    }
    elsif ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: gbk | uhc | big5 | big5hkscs ) \z/xms) {
        if ($getc =~ /\A [\x81-\xFE] \z/xms) {
            $getc .= CORE::getc $fh;
        }
    }
    elsif ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: gb18030 ) \z/xms) {
        if ($getc =~ /\A [\x81-\xFE] \z/xms) {
            $getc .= CORE::getc $fh;
            if ($getc =~ /\A [\x81-\xFE] [\x30-\x39] \z/xms) {
                $getc .= CORE::getc $fh;
                $getc .= CORE::getc $fh;
            }
        }
    }
    elsif ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: rfc2279 | utf8 | wtf8 ) \z/xms) {
        if ($getc =~ /\A [\x00-\x7F\x80-\xC1\xF5-\xFF] \z/xms) {
        }
        elsif ($getc =~ /\A [\xC2-\xDF] \z/xms) {
            $getc .= CORE::getc $fh;
        }
        elsif ($getc =~ /\A [\xE0-\xEF] \z/xms) {
            $getc .= CORE::getc $fh;
            $getc .= CORE::getc $fh;
        }
        elsif ($getc =~ /\A [\xF0-\xF4] \z/xms) {
            $getc .= CORE::getc $fh;
            $getc .= CORE::getc $fh;
            $getc .= CORE::getc $fh;
        }
    }
    return wantarray ? ($getc,@_) : $getc;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# index() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::index ($$;$) {
    my $index = 0;
    if (@_ == 3) {
        $index = mb::index_byte($_[0], $_[1], CORE::length(mb::substr($_[0], 0, $_[2])));
    }
    else {
        $index = mb::index_byte($_[0], $_[1]);
    }
    if ($index == -1) {
        return -1;
    }
    else {
        return mb::length(CORE::substr $_[0], 0, $index);
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# JPerl like index() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::index_byte ($$;$) {
    my($str,$substr,$position) = @_;
    $position ||= 0;
    my $pos = 0;
    while ($pos < CORE::length($str)) {
        if (CORE::substr($str,$pos,CORE::length($substr)) eq $substr) {
            if ($pos >= $position) {
                return $pos;
            }
        }
        if (CORE::substr($str,$pos) =~ /\A($x)/xms) {
            $pos += CORE::length($1);
        }
        else {
            $pos += 1;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# universal lc() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::lc (;$) {
    local $_ = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;
    #                          A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I i J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z
    return join '', map { {qw( A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I i J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z )}->{$_}||$_ } /\G$x/g;
    #                          A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I i J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# universal lcfirst() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::lcfirst (;$) {
    local $_ = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;
    if (/\A($x)(.*)\z/s) {
        return mb::lc($1) . $2;
    }
    else {
        return '';
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# length() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::length (;$) {
    local $_ = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;
    return scalar(() = /\G$x/g);
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# ord() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::ord (;$) {
    local $_ = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;
    my $ord = 0;
    if (/\A($x)/) {
        for my $octet (unpack 'C*', $1) {
            $ord = $ord * 0x100 + $octet;
        }
    }
    return $ord;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# valid() tests well-formedness of a string for the current script encoding
sub mb::valid (;$) {
    local $_ = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;

    # mb has no UTF-8 flag and no decode boundary, so the everyday operations
    # are deliberately lenient (every octet is at least a one-byte character).
    # mb::valid is the explicit, opt-in validity check for callers who do want
    # to reject malformed input. It uses the STRICT unit -- $over_ascii (a
    # well-formed multi-byte sequence) or a US-ASCII byte -- NOT the lenient
    # $x, so any stray octet makes the whole string fail to match and the
    # predicate returns false. The string itself is never modified.
    return /\A (?: $over_ascii | [\x00-\x7F] )* \z/xms ? 1 : 0;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# require for MBCS encoding
sub mb::require (;$) {
    local $_ = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;

    # require perl version
    if (/^[0-9]/) {
        if ($] < $_) {
            confess "Perl $_ required--this is only version $], stopped";
        }
        else {
            undef $@;
            return 1;
        }
    }

    # require expr
    else {

        # find expr in @INC
        my $file = $_;
        if (($file =~ s{::}{/}g) or ($file !~ m{[\./\\]})) {
            $file .= '.pm';
        }
        if (exists $INC{$file}) {
            undef $@;
            return 1 if $INC{$file};
            confess "Compilation failed in require";
        }
        for my $prefix_file ($file, map { "$_/$file" } @INC) {
            if (-f $prefix_file) {

                # poor "make"
                (my $prefix_file_oo = $prefix_file) =~ s{\A (.*) \. ([^.]+) \z}{$1.oo.$2}xms;
                if (
                    (not -e $prefix_file_oo)                        or
                    (mtime($prefix_file_oo) <= mtime($prefix_file)) or
                    (mtime($prefix_file_oo) <= mtime(__FILE__))
                ) {
                    my $fh = mb::_open_r($prefix_file) or confess "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): can't open file: $prefix_file\n";
                    local $_ = CORE::do { local $/; no strict 'refs'; readline(*{$fh}) };
                    { no strict 'refs'; close($fh) }

                    # poor file locking
                    local $SIG{__DIE__} = sub { rmdir "$prefix_file.lock"; };
                    if (mkdir "$prefix_file.lock", 0755) {
                        my $fh = mb::_open_w($prefix_file_oo) or confess "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): can't open file: $prefix_file_oo\n";
                        { no strict 'refs'; print {*{$fh}} mb::_insert_source_encoding_unimport(mb::parse()) }
                        { no strict 'refs'; close($fh) }
                        rmdir "$prefix_file.lock";
                    }
                    else {
                        confess "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): can't mkdir: $prefix_file.lock\n";
                    }
                }
                $INC{$_} = $prefix_file_oo;

                # run as Perl script
                # must use CORE::do to use <DATA>, because CORE::eval cannot do it.
                local $@;
                my $result = CORE::eval sprintf(<<'END', (caller)[0,2,1]);
package %s;
#line %s "%s"
CORE::do "$prefix_file_oo";
END

                # return result
                if ($@) {
                    $INC{$_} = undef;
                    confess $@;
                }
                elsif (not $result) {
                    delete $INC{$_};
                    confess "$_ did not return true value";
                }
                else {
                    return $result;
                }
            }
        }
        confess "Can't find $_ in \@INC";
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# reverse() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::reverse (@) {

    # in list context,
    if (wantarray) {

        # returns a list value consisting of the elements of @_ in the opposite order
        return CORE::reverse @_;
    }

    # in scalar context,
    else {

        # returns a string value with all characters in the opposite order of
        return (join '',
            CORE::reverse(
                @_ ?
                join('',@_) =~ /\G$x/g : # concatenates the elements of @_
                /\G$x/g                  # $_ when without arguments
            )
        );
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# rindex() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::rindex ($$;$) {
    my $rindex = 0;
    if (@_ == 3) {
        $rindex = mb::rindex_byte($_[0], $_[1], CORE::length(mb::substr($_[0], 0, $_[2])));
    }
    else {
        $rindex = mb::rindex_byte($_[0], $_[1]);
    }
    if ($rindex == -1) {
        return -1;
    }
    else {
        return mb::length(CORE::substr $_[0], 0, $rindex);
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# JPerl like rindex() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::rindex_byte ($$;$) {
    my($str,$substr,$position) = @_;
    $position ||= CORE::length($str) - 1;
    my $pos = 0;
    my $rindex = -1;
    while (($pos < CORE::length($str)) and ($pos <= $position)) {
        if (CORE::substr($str,$pos,CORE::length($substr)) eq $substr) {
            $rindex = $pos;
        }
        if (CORE::substr($str,$pos) =~ /\A($x)/xms) {
            $pos += CORE::length($1);
        }
        else {
            $pos += 1;
        }
    }
    return $rindex;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# set OSNAME
sub mb::set_OSNAME ($) {
    $OSNAME = $_[0];
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# get OSNAME
sub mb::get_OSNAME () {
    return $OSNAME;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# set script encoding name and more
sub mb::set_script_encoding ($) {
    $script_encoding = $_[0];

    # over US-ASCII
    $over_ascii = {
        'sjis'      => '(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])',                         # shift_jis ANSI/OEM Japanese; Japanese (Shift-JIS)
        'gbk'       => '(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])',                                              # gb2312 ANSI/OEM Simplified Chinese (PRC, Singapore); Chinese Simplified (GB2312)
        'uhc'       => '(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])',                                              # ks_c_5601-1987 ANSI/OEM Korean (Unified Hangul Code)
        'big5'      => '(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])',                                              # big5 ANSI/OEM Traditional Chinese (Taiwan; Hong Kong SAR, PRC); Chinese Traditional (Big5)
        'big5hkscs' => '(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])',                                              # HKSCS support on top of traditional Chinese Windows
        'eucjp'     => '(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])',                                              # EUC-JP Japanese (JIS 0208-1990 and 0121-1990)
        'gb18030'   => '(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])', # GB18030 Windows XP and later: GB18030 Simplified Chinese (4 byte); Chinese Simplified (GB18030)
        'rfc2279'   => '(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])', # utf-8 Unicode (UTF-8) RFC2279
        'utf8'      => '(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])', # utf-8 Unicode (UTF-8) optimized RFC3629 for ja_JP
        'wtf8'      => '(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])',                                                                     # optimized WTF-8 for ja_JP
    }->{$script_encoding} || '[\x80-\xFF]';

    # supports qr/./ in MBCS script
    #
    # NOTE (0.64 step 4 read-only audit): this transpile-path $x is kept as a
    # qr// OBJECT on purpose. A qr// interpolates into another pattern as a
    # modifier-isolated subpattern ((?^...:...) / (?-xism:...)); the transpile
    # path relies on that isolation when $x is embedded inside /x and escape
    # contexts. Re-expressing $x as a plain string (the form used by mb8 and
    # by the local $x inside _r2_qr) drops that wrapper and regresses the
    # qr-as-q / s-as-q escape transpilation (observed: 406 failures on perl
    # 5.38). So the "mitigation B" stringification is NOT applied here; the
    # file-scoped $x stays a qr// object and stays STRICT ([\x00-\x7F]).
    # Read-only safety on perl 5.005_03 is not needed for this $x: it is only
    # ever interpolated into search patterns, never the target of a
    # destructive s///. The runtime engine that DOES need a writable copy
    # (_r2_qr) already takes one via my $source = "$_[0]".
    $x = qr/(?>$over_ascii|[\x00-\x7F])/;

    # regexp of multi-byte anchoring

    # Quantifiers
    #   {n,m}  ---  Match at least n but not more than m times
    #
    # n and m are limited to non-negative integral values less than a
    # preset limit defined when perl is built. This is usually 32766 on
    # the most common platforms.
    #
    # The following code is an attempt to solve the above limitations
    # in a multi-byte anchoring.
    #
    # avoid "Segmentation fault" and "Error: Parse exception"
    #
    # perl5101delta
    # http://perldoc.perl.org/perl5101delta.html
    # In 5.10.0, the * quantifier in patterns was sometimes treated as {0,32767}
    # [RT #60034, #60464]. For example, this match would fail:
    #   ("ab" x 32768) =~ /^(ab)*$/
    #
    # SEE ALSO
    #
    # Complex regular subexpression recursion limit
    # http://www.perlmonks.org/?node_id=810857
    #
    # regexp iteration limits
    # http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2009/02/msg144065.html
    #
    # latest Perl won't match certain regexes more than 32768 characters long
    # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/26226630/latest-perl-wont-match-certain-regexes-more-than-32768-characters-long
    #
    # Break through the limitations of regular expressions of Perl
    # http://d.hatena.ne.jp/gfx/20110212/1297512479
    #
    # REG_INF has been raised from 65,536 to 2,147,483,647
    # https://perldoc.perl.org/perl5380delta#REG_INF-has-been-raised-from-65,536-to-2,147,483,647

    if ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: rfc2279 | utf8 | wtf8 ) \z/xms) {
        ${mb::_anchor} = qr{.*?}xms;
    }
    elsif ($] >= 5.038000) {
        ${mb::_anchor} = {
            'sjis'      => qr{(?(?=.{0,2147483646}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC](?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC])*?))}xms,
            'eucjp'     => qr{(?(?=.{0,2147483646}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\xA1-\xFE\xA1-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\xA1-\xFE\xA1-\xFE](?>[\xA1-\xFE\xA1-\xFE][\xA1-\xFE\xA1-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'gbk'       => qr{(?(?=.{0,2147483646}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'uhc'       => qr{(?(?=.{0,2147483646}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'big5'      => qr{(?(?=.{0,2147483646}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'big5hkscs' => qr{(?(?=.{0,2147483646}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'gb18030'   => qr{(?(?=.{0,2147483646}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
        }->{$script_encoding} || die;
    }
    elsif ($] >= 5.030000) {
        ${mb::_anchor} = {
            'sjis'      => qr{(?(?=.{0,65534}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC](?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC])*?))}xms,
            'eucjp'     => qr{(?(?=.{0,65534}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\xA1-\xFE\xA1-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\xA1-\xFE\xA1-\xFE](?>[\xA1-\xFE\xA1-\xFE][\xA1-\xFE\xA1-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'gbk'       => qr{(?(?=.{0,65534}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'uhc'       => qr{(?(?=.{0,65534}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'big5'      => qr{(?(?=.{0,65534}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'big5hkscs' => qr{(?(?=.{0,65534}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'gb18030'   => qr{(?(?=.{0,65534}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
        }->{$script_encoding} || die;
    }
    elsif ($] >= 5.010001) {
        ${mb::_anchor} = {
            'sjis'      => qr{(?(?=.{0,32766}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC](?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC])*?))}xms,
            'eucjp'     => qr{(?(?=.{0,32766}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\xA1-\xFE\xA1-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\xA1-\xFE\xA1-\xFE](?>[\xA1-\xFE\xA1-\xFE][\xA1-\xFE\xA1-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'gbk'       => qr{(?(?=.{0,32766}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'uhc'       => qr{(?(?=.{0,32766}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'big5'      => qr{(?(?=.{0,32766}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'big5hkscs' => qr{(?(?=.{0,32766}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
            'gb18030'   => qr{(?(?=.{0,32766}\z)(?:$x)*?|(?(?=[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE]+\z).*?|.*?[^\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE](?>[\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE][\x81-\xFE\x81-\xFE])*?))}xms,
        }->{$script_encoding} || die;
    }
    else {
        ${mb::_anchor} = qr{(?:$x)*?}xms;
    }

    # codepoint class shortcuts in qq-like regular expression
    @{mb::_dot} = "(?>$over_ascii|.)"; # supports /s modifier by /./
    @{mb::_B} = "(?:(?<![$bare_w])(?![$bare_w])|(?<=[$bare_w])(?=[$bare_w]))";
    @{mb::_D} = "(?:(?![0-9])$x)";
    @{mb::_H} = "(?:(?![\\x09\\x20])$x)";
    @{mb::_N} = "(?:(?!\\n)$x)";
    @{mb::_R} = "(?>\\r\\n|[\\x0A\\x0B\\x0C\\x0D])";
    @{mb::_S} = "(?:(?![\\t\\n\\f\\r\\x20])$x)";
    @{mb::_V} = "(?:(?![\\x0A\\x0B\\x0C\\x0D])$x)";
    @{mb::_W} = "(?:(?![A-Za-z0-9_])$x)";
    @{mb::_b} = "(?:(?<![$bare_w])(?=[$bare_w])|(?<=[$bare_w])(?![$bare_w]))";
    @{mb::_d} = "[0-9]";
    @{mb::_h} = "[\\x09\\x20]";
    @{mb::_s} = "[\\t\\n\\f\\r\\x20]";
    @{mb::_v} = "[\\x0A\\x0B\\x0C\\x0D]";
    @{mb::_w} = "[A-Za-z0-9_]";
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# get script encoding name
sub mb::get_script_encoding () {
    return $script_encoding;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# get old package name
sub mb::get_old_package () {
    return {qw(
        sjis        Sjis::
        gbk         GBK::
        uhc         UHC::
        big5        Big5::
        big5hkscs   Big5HKSCS::
        eucjp       EUCJP::
        gb18030     GB18030::
        rfc2279     RFC2279::
        utf8        UTF2::
        wtf8        WTF8::
    )}->{mb::get_script_encoding()} || die;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# substr() for MBCS encoding
BEGIN {
    CORE::eval sprintf <<'END', ($] >= 5.014) ? ':lvalue' : '';
#                      VV------------------------AAAAAAA
sub mb::substr ($$;$$) %s {
    my @x = $_[0] =~ /\G$x/g;

    # If the substring is beyond either end of the string, substr() returns the undefined
    # value and produces a warning. When used as an lvalue, specifying a substring that
    # is entirely outside the string raises an exception.
    # http://perldoc.perl.org/functions/substr.html

    # A return with no argument returns the scalar value undef in scalar context,
    # an empty list () in list context, and (naturally) nothing at all in void
    # context.

    if (($_[1] < (-1 * scalar(@x))) or (+1 * scalar(@x) < $_[1])) {
        return;
    }

    # substr($string,$offset,$length,$replacement)
    if (@_ == 4) {
        my $substr = join '', splice @x, $_[1], $_[2], $_[3];
        $_[0] = join '', @x;
        $substr; # "return $substr" doesn't work, don't write "return"
    }

    # substr($string,$offset,$length)
    elsif (@_ == 3) {
        local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {}; # avoid: Use of uninitialized value in join or string at here
        my $octet_offset =
            ($_[1] < 0) ? -1 * CORE::length(join '', @x[$#x+$_[1]+1 .. $#x])     :
            ($_[1] > 0) ?      CORE::length(join '', @x[0           .. $_[1]-1]) :
            0;
        my $octet_length =
            ($_[2] < 0) ? -1 * CORE::length(join '', @x[$#x+$_[2]+1 .. $#x])           :
            ($_[2] > 0) ?      CORE::length(join '', @x[$_[1]       .. $_[1]+$_[2]-1]) :
            0;
        CORE::substr($_[0], $octet_offset, $octet_length);
    }

    # substr($string,$offset)
    else {
        my $octet_offset =
            ($_[1] < 0) ? -1 * CORE::length(join '', @x[$#x+$_[1]+1 .. $#x])     :
            ($_[1] > 0) ?      CORE::length(join '', @x[0           .. $_[1]-1]) :
            0;
        CORE::substr($_[0], $octet_offset);
    }
}
END
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# tr/// and y/// for MBCS encoding
sub mb::tr ($$$;$) {
    my @x           = $_[0] =~ /\G($x)/xmsg;
    my @search      = list_all_ASCII_by_hyphen($_[1] =~ /\G(\\-|$x)/xmsg);
    my @replacement = list_all_ASCII_by_hyphen($_[2] =~ /\G(\\-|$x)/xmsg);
    my %modifier    = (defined $_[3]) ? (map { $_ => 1 } CORE::split //, $_[3]) : ();

    my %tr = ();
    for (my $i=0; $i <= $#search; $i++) {

        # tr/AAA/123/ works as tr/A/1/
        if (not exists $tr{$search[$i]}) {

            # tr/ABC/123/ makes %tr = ('A'=>'1','B'=>'2','C'=>'3',);
            if (defined($replacement[$i]) and ($replacement[$i] ne '')) {
                $tr{$search[$i]} = $replacement[$i];
            }

            # tr/ABC/12/d makes %tr = ('A'=>'1','B'=>'2','C'=>'',);
            elsif (exists $modifier{d}) {
                $tr{$search[$i]} = '';
            }

            # tr/ABC/12/ makes %tr = ('A'=>'1','B'=>'2','C'=>'2',);
            elsif (defined($replacement[-1]) and ($replacement[-1] ne '')) {
                $tr{$search[$i]} = $replacement[-1];
            }

            # tr/ABC// makes %tr = ('A'=>'A','B'=>'B','C'=>'C',);
            else {
                $tr{$search[$i]} = $search[$i];
            }
        }
    }

    my $tr = 0;
    my $replaced = '';

    # has /c modifier
    if (exists $modifier{c}) {

        # has /s modifier
        if (exists $modifier{s}) {
            my $last_transliterated = undef;
            while (defined(my $x = shift @x)) {

                # /c modifier works here
                if (exists $tr{$x}) {
                    $replaced .= $x;
                    $last_transliterated = undef;
                }
                else {

                    # /d modifier works here
                    if (exists $modifier{d}) {
                    }

                    elsif (defined $replacement[-1]) {

                        # /s modifier works here
                        if (defined($last_transliterated) and ($replacement[-1] eq $last_transliterated)) {
                        }

                        # tr/// works here
                        else {
                            $replaced .= ($last_transliterated = $replacement[-1]);
                        }
                    }
                    $tr++;
                }
            }
        }

        # has no /s modifier
        else {
            while (defined(my $x = shift @x)) {

                # /c modifier works here
                if (exists $tr{$x}) {
                    $replaced .= $x;
                }
                else {

                    # /d modifier works here
                    if (exists $modifier{d}) {
                    }

                    # tr/// works here
                    elsif (defined $replacement[-1]) {
                        $replaced .= $replacement[-1];
                    }
                    $tr++;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    # has no /c modifier
    else {

        # has /s modifier
        if (exists $modifier{s}) {
            my $last_transliterated = undef;
            while (defined(my $x = shift @x)) {
                if (exists $tr{$x}) {

                    # /d modifier works here
                    if ($tr{$x} eq '') {
                    }

                    # /s modifier works here
                    elsif (defined($last_transliterated) and ($tr{$x} eq $last_transliterated)) {
                    }

                    # tr/// works here
                    else {
                        $replaced .= ($last_transliterated = $tr{$x});
                    }
                    $tr++;
                }
                else {
                    $replaced .= $x;
                    $last_transliterated = undef;
                }
            }
        }

        # has no /s modifier
        else {
            while (defined(my $x = shift @x)) {
                if (exists $tr{$x}) {
                    $replaced .= $tr{$x};
                    $tr++;
                }
                else {
                    $replaced .= $x;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    # /r modifier works here
    if (exists $modifier{r}) {
        return $replaced;
    }

    # has no /r modifier
    else {
        $_[0] = $replaced;
        return $tr;
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# universal uc() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::uc (;$) {
    local $_ = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;
    #                          a A b B c C d D e E f F g G h H i I j J k K l L m M n N o O p P q Q r R s S t T u U v V w W x X y Y z Z
    return join '', map { {qw( a A b B c C d D e E f F g G h H i I j J k K l L m M n N o O p P q Q r R s S t T u U v V w W x X y Y z Z )}->{$_}||$_ } /\G$x/g;
    #                          a A b B c C d D e E f F g G h H i I j J k K l L m M n N o O p P q Q r R s S t T u U v V w W x X y Y z Z
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# universal ucfirst() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::ucfirst (;$) {
    local $_ = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;
    if (/\A($x)(.*)\z/s) {
        return mb::uc($1) . $2;
    }
    else {
        return '';
    }
}

######################################################################
# runtime routines on all operating systems (used automatically)
######################################################################

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# implement of special variable $1,$2,$3,...
sub mb::_CAPTURE (;$) {
    if ($mb::last_s_passed) {
        if (defined $_[0]) {

            # $1 is used for multi-byte anchoring
            return CORE::eval('$' . ($_[0] + 1));
        }
        else {
            my @capture = ();
            if ($] >= 5.006) {

                # $1 is used for multi-byte anchoring in s///
                push @capture, map { CORE::eval('$'.$_) } 2 .. CORE::eval('$#-');
            }
            else {

                # @{^CAPTURE} doesn't work enough in perl 5.005
                for (my $n_th=2; defined(CORE::eval('$'.$n_th)); $n_th++) {
                    push @capture, CORE::eval('$'.$n_th);
                }
            }
            return @capture;
        }
    }
    else {
        if (defined $_[0]) {
            return CORE::eval('$' . $_[0]);
        }
        else {
            my @capture = ();
            if ($] >= 5.006) {
                push @capture, map { CORE::eval('$'.$_) } 1 .. CORE::eval('$#-');
            }
            else {

                # @{^CAPTURE} doesn't work enough in perl 5.005
                for (my $n_th=1; defined(CORE::eval('$'.$n_th)); $n_th++) {
                    push @capture, CORE::eval('$'.$n_th);
                }
            }
            return @capture;
        }
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# implement of special variable @+
sub mb::_LAST_MATCH_END (@) {

    # perl 5.005 does not support @+, so it need CORE::eval

    if ($mb::last_s_passed) {
        if (scalar(@_) >= 1) {
            return CORE::eval q{ ($+[0], @+[2..$#-])[ @_ ] };
        }
        else {
            return CORE::eval q{ ($+[0], @+[2..$#-]) };
        }
    }
    else {
        if (scalar(@_) >= 1) {
            return CORE::eval q{ @+[ @_ ] };
        }
        else {
            return CORE::eval q{ @+ };
        }
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# implement of special variable @-
sub mb::_LAST_MATCH_START (@) {

    # perl 5.005 does not support @-, so it need CORE::eval

    if ($mb::last_s_passed) {
        if (scalar(@_) >= 1) {
            return CORE::eval q{ ($-[2], @-[2..$#-])[ @_ ] };
        }
        else {
            return CORE::eval q{ ($-[2], @-[2..$#-]) };
        }
    }
    else {
        if (scalar(@_) >= 1) {
            return CORE::eval q{ @-[ @_ ] };
        }
        else {
            return CORE::eval q{ @- };
        }
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# implement of special variable $&
sub mb::_MATCH () {
    if (defined $&) {
        if ($mb::last_s_passed) {
            if (defined($1) and (CORE::substr($&, 0, CORE::length($1)) eq $1)) {
                return CORE::substr($&, CORE::length($1));
            }
            else {
                confess 'Use of "$&", $MATCH, and ${^MATCH} need to /( capture all )/ in regexp';
            }
        }
        else {
            if (defined($1) and (CORE::substr($&, -CORE::length($1)) eq $1)) {
                return $1;
            }
            else {
                confess 'Use of "$&", $MATCH, and ${^MATCH} need to /( capture all )/ in regexp';
            }
        }
    }
    else {
        return '';
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# implement of special variable $`
sub mb::_PREMATCH () {
    if (defined $&) {
        if ($mb::last_s_passed) {
            return $1;
        }
        else {
            if (defined($1) and (CORE::substr($&,-CORE::length($1)) eq $1)) {
                return CORE::substr($&, 0, -CORE::length($1));
            }
            else {
                confess 'Use of "$`", $PREMATCH, and ${^PREMATCH} need to /( capture all )/ in regexp';
            }
        }
    }
    else {
        return '';
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# flag off if last m// was pass
sub mb::_m_passed () {
    $mb::last_s_passed = 0;
    return '';
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# flag on if last s/// was pass
sub mb::_s_passed () {
    $mb::last_s_passed = 1;
    return '';
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# ignore space of m/[here]/xx, qr/[here]/xx, s/[here]//xx
sub mb::_ignore_space ($) {
    my($has_space) = @_;
    my $has_no_space = '';

    # parse into elements
    while ($has_space =~ /\G (
        \(\? \^? [a-z]*        [:\)] | # cloister (?^x) (?^x: ...
        \(\? \^? [a-z]*-[a-z]+ [:\)] | # cloister (?^x-y) (?^x-y: ...
        \[ ((?: \\@{mb::_dot} | @{mb::_dot} )+?) \] |
        \\x\{ [0-9A-Fa-f]{2} \}      |
        \\o\{ [0-7]{3}       \}      |
        \\x   [0-9A-Fa-f]{2}         |
        \\    [0-7]{3}               |
        \\@{mb::_dot}                |
        @{mb::_dot}
    ) /xmsgc) {
        my($element, $classmate) = ($1, $2);

        # in codepoint class
        if (defined $classmate) {
            $has_no_space .= '[';
            while ($classmate =~ /\G (
                \\x\{ [0-9A-Fa-f]{2} \} |
                \\o\{ [0-7]{3}       \} |
                \\x   [0-9A-Fa-f]{2}    |
                \\    [0-7]{3}          |
                \\@{mb::_dot}           |
                @{mb::_dot}
            ) /xmsgc) {
                my $element = $1;
                if ($element !~ /\A[$bare_s]\z/) {
                    $has_no_space .= $element;
                }
            }
            $has_no_space .= ']';
        }

        # out of codepoint class
        else {
            $has_no_space .= $element;
        }
    }
    return $has_no_space;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# ignore case of m//i, qr//i, s///i
sub mb::_ignorecase ($) {
    my($has_case) = @_;
    my $has_no_case = '';

    # parse into elements
    while ($has_case =~ /\G (
        \(\? \^? [a-z]*        [:\)] | # cloister (?^x) (?^x: ...
        \(\? \^? [a-z]*-[a-z]+ [:\)] | # cloister (?^x-y) (?^x-y: ...
        \[ ((?: \\@{mb::_dot} | @{mb::_dot} )+?) \] |
        \\x\{ [0-9A-Fa-f]{2} \}      |
        \\o\{ [0-7]{3}       \}      |
        \\x   [0-9A-Fa-f]{2}         |
        \\    [0-7]{3}               |
        \\@{mb::_dot}                |
        @{mb::_dot}
    ) /xmsgc) {
        my($element, $classmate) = ($1, $2);

        # in codepoint class
        if (defined $classmate) {
            $has_no_case .= '[';
            while ($classmate =~ /\G (
                \\x\{ [0-9A-Fa-f]{2} \} |
                \\o\{ [0-7]{3}       \} |
                \\x   [0-9A-Fa-f]{2}    |
                \\    [0-7]{3}          |
                \\@{mb::_dot}           |
                @{mb::_dot}
            ) /xmsgc) {
                my $element = $1;
                $has_no_case .= {qw(
                    A Aa a Aa
                    B Bb b Bb
                    C Cc c Cc
                    D Dd d Dd
                    E Ee e Ee
                    F Ff f Ff
                    G Gg g Gg
                    H Hh h Hh
                    I Ii i Ii
                    J Jj j Jj
                    K Kk k Kk
                    L Ll l Ll
                    M Mm m Mm
                    N Nn n Nn
                    O Oo o Oo
                    P Pp p Pp
                    Q Qq q Qq
                    R Rr r Rr
                    S Ss s Ss
                    T Tt t Tt
                    U Uu u Uu
                    V Vv v Vv
                    W Ww w Ww
                    X Xx x Xx
                    Y Yy y Yy
                    Z Zz z Zz
                )}->{$element} || $element;
            }
            $has_no_case .= ']';
        }

        # out of codepoint class
        else {
            $has_no_case .= {qw(
                A [Aa] a [Aa]
                B [Bb] b [Bb]
                C [Cc] c [Cc]
                D [Dd] d [Dd]
                E [Ee] e [Ee]
                F [Ff] f [Ff]
                G [Gg] g [Gg]
                H [Hh] h [Hh]
                I [Ii] i [Ii]
                J [Jj] j [Jj]
                K [Kk] k [Kk]
                L [Ll] l [Ll]
                M [Mm] m [Mm]
                N [Nn] n [Nn]
                O [Oo] o [Oo]
                P [Pp] p [Pp]
                Q [Qq] q [Qq]
                R [Rr] r [Rr]
                S [Ss] s [Ss]
                T [Tt] t [Tt]
                U [Uu] u [Uu]
                V [Vv] v [Vv]
                W [Ww] w [Ww]
                X [Xx] x [Xx]
                Y [Yy] y [Yy]
                Z [Zz] z [Zz]
            )}->{$element} || $element;
        }
    }
    return qr{$has_no_case};
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# custom codepoint class in qq-like regular expression
sub mb::_cc ($) {
    my($classmate) = @_;
    if ($classmate =~ s{\A \^ }{}xms) {
        return '(?:(?!' . parse_re_codepoint_class($classmate) . ")$x)";
    }
    else {
        return '(?:(?=' . parse_re_codepoint_class($classmate) . ")$x)";
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# makes clustered codepoint from string
sub mb::_clustered_codepoint ($) {
    if (my @codepoint = $_[0] =~ /\G($x)/xmsgc) {
        if (CORE::length($codepoint[$#codepoint]) == 1) {
            return $_[0];
        }
        else {
            return join '', @codepoint[ 0 .. $#codepoint-1 ], "(?:$codepoint[$#codepoint])";
        }
    }
    else {
        return '';
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# open for append -- returns glob-name string on success, "" on failure.
# Works on Perl 5.005_03 and all later versions.
# Always uses a unique numbered package glob (mb::FH::H<n>) so that
# concurrent callers each get their own IO slot.
sub mb::_open_a ($) {
    $mb::_fh_seq++;
    my $fhn = "mb::FH::H$mb::_fh_seq";
    { no strict 'refs'; open($fhn, ">> $_[0]") or return "" }
    return $fhn;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# open for read -- returns glob-name string on success, "" on failure.
sub mb::_open_r ($) {
    $mb::_fh_seq++;
    my $fhn = "mb::FH::H$mb::_fh_seq";
    { no strict 'refs'; open($fhn, "< $_[0]") or return "" }
    return $fhn;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# open for write -- returns glob-name string on success, "" on failure.
sub mb::_open_w ($) {
    $mb::_fh_seq++;
    my $fhn = "mb::FH::H$mb::_fh_seq";
    { no strict 'refs'; open($fhn, "> $_[0]") or return "" }
    return $fhn;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# split() runtime function (UTF8::R2 compatible)
#
# This is the runtime entry point that a path-3 user calls directly as
# mb::split(...). It mirrors UTF8::R2::split so that scripts ported from the
# UTF8::R2 environment behave identically. The transpiler does NOT use this;
# transpiled "split" is rewritten to mb::_split() below, which is a separate,
# more elaborate implementation tuned for the filter/modulino paths.
#
# Note: mb::qr() returns a plain regular-expression STRING (not a qr// object,
# which matters on perl 5.005_03; see _r2_qr), so the pattern is interpolated
# into a fresh qr{...} before it is handed to CORE::split.
sub mb::split (;$$$) {
    if (defined($_[0]) and (($_[0] eq '') or ($_[0] =~ /\A \( \? \^? [-a-z]* : \) \z/x))) {
        my @x = (defined($_[1]) ? $_[1] : $_) =~ /\G$x/g;
        if (defined($_[2]) and ($_[2] > 0) and (scalar(@x) > $_[2])) {
            @x = (@x[0..$_[2]-1-1], join('',  @x[$_[2]-1..$#x]));
        }
        if (wantarray) {
            return @x;
        }
        else {
            if ($] < 5.012) {
                warn "Use of implicit split to \@_ is deprecated" if $^W;
                @_ = @x; # unlike camel book and perldoc saying, can return only scalar(@_), cannot @_
            }
            return scalar @x;
        }
    }
    elsif (@_ == 3) {
        return CORE::split qr{@{[mb::qr($_[0])]}}, $_[1], $_[2];
    }
    elsif (@_ == 2) {
        return CORE::split qr{@{[mb::qr($_[0])]}}, $_[1];
    }
    elsif (@_ == 1) {
        return CORE::split qr{@{[mb::qr($_[0])]}};
    }
    else {
        return CORE::split;
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# split() for MBCS encoding
sub mb::_split (;$$$) {
    my $pattern = defined($_[0]) ? $_[0] : ' ';
    my $string  = defined($_[1]) ? $_[1] : $_;
    my @split = ();

    # split's first argument is more consistently interpreted
    #
    # After some changes earlier in v5.17, split's behavior has been simplified:
    # if the PATTERN argument evaluates to a string containing one space, it is
    # treated the way that a literal string containing one space once was.
    # http://search.cpan.org/dist/perl-5.18.0/pod/perldelta.pod#split's_first_argument_is_more_consistently_interpreted
    # if $pattern is also omitted or is the literal space, " ", the function splits
    # on whitespace, /\s+/, after skipping any leading whitespace

    if ($pattern eq ' ') {
        $pattern = qr/\s+/;
        $string =~ s{\A \s+ }{}xms;
    }

    # count '(' in pattern
    my @parsed = ();
    my $modifier = '';
    if ((($modifier) = $pattern =~ /\A \(\?\^? (.+?) [\)\-\:] /xms) and ($modifier =~ /x/xms)) {
        @parsed = $pattern =~ m{ \G (
            \\ $x              |
            \# .*? $           | # comment on /x modifier
            \(\?\# (?:$x)*? \) |
            \[ (?:$x)+? \]     |
            \(\?               |
            \(\+               |
            \(\*               |
            $x                 |
            [\x00-\xFF]
        ) }xgc;
    }
    else {
        @parsed = $pattern =~ m{ \G (
            \\ $x              |
            \(\?\# (?:$x)*? \) |
            \[ (?:$x)+? \]     |
            \(\?               |
            \(\+               |
            \(\*               |
            $x                 |
            [\x00-\xFF]
        ) }xgc;
    }
    my $last_match_no =
        1 +                                 # first '(' is for substring
        scalar(grep { $_ eq '(' } @parsed); # other '(' are for pattern of split()

    # Repeated Patterns Matching a Zero-length Substring
    # https://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html#Repeated-Patterns-Matching-a-Zero-length-Substring
    my $substring_quantifier = ('' =~ / \A $pattern \z /xms) ? '+?' : '*?';

    # if $_[2] specified and positive
    if (defined($_[2]) and ($_[2] >= 1)) {
        my $limit = $_[2];

        CORE::eval q{ no warnings }; # avoid: Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (nnnnn) exceeded at ...

        # gets substrings by repeat chopping by pattern
        while ((--$limit > 0) and ($string =~ s<\A((?:$x)$substring_quantifier)$pattern><>)) {
            for (my $n_th=1; $n_th <= $last_match_no; $n_th++) {
                push @split, CORE::eval('$'.$n_th);
            }
        }
    }

    # if $_[2] is omitted or zero or negative
    else {
        CORE::eval q{ no warnings }; # avoid: Complex regular subexpression recursion limit (nnnnn) exceeded at ...

        # gets substrings by repeat chopping by pattern
        while ($string =~ s<\A((?:$x)$substring_quantifier)$pattern><>) {
            for (my $n_th=1; $n_th <= $last_match_no; $n_th++) {
                push @split, CORE::eval('$'.$n_th);
            }
        }
    }

    # get last substring
    if (CORE::length($string) > 0) {
        push @split, $string;
    }
    elsif (defined($_[2]) and ($_[2] >= 1)) {
        if (scalar(@split) < $_[2]) {
            push @split, ('') x ($_[2] - scalar(@split));
        }
    }

    # if $_[2] is omitted or zero, trailing null fields are stripped from the result
    if ((not defined $_[2]) or ($_[2] == 0)) {
        while ((scalar(@split) >= 1) and ($split[-1] eq '')) {
            pop @split;
        }
    }

    # old days, split had write its result to @_ on scalar context,
    # but this usage is no longer supported

    if (wantarray) {
        return @split;
    }
    else {
        return scalar @split;
    }
}

######################################################################
# runtime routines for MSWin32 (used automatically)
######################################################################

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# chdir() for MSWin32
sub mb::_chdir (;$) {

    # not on MSWin32 or UTF-8
    if (($OSNAME !~ /MSWin32/) or ($script_encoding !~ /\A (?: sjis | gbk | uhc | big5 | big5hkscs | gb18030 ) \z/xms)) {
        if (@_ == 0) {
            return CORE::chdir;
        }
        else {
            return CORE::chdir $_[0];
        }
    }

    # on MSWin32
    if (@_ == 0) {
        return CORE::chdir;
    }
    elsif (($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: sjis ) \z/xms) and ($_[0] =~ /\A $x* [\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x5C] \z/xms)) {
        if (defined wantarray) {
            return 0;
        }
        else {
            confess "mb::_chdir: Can't chdir '$_[0]'\n";
        }
    }
    elsif (($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: gbk | uhc | big5 | big5hkscs | gb18030 ) \z/xms) and ($_[0] =~ /\A $x* [\x81-\xFE][\x5C] \z/xms)) {
        if (defined wantarray) {
            return 0;
        }
        else {
            confess "mb::_chdir: Can't chdir '$_[0]'\n";
        }
    }
    else {
        return CORE::chdir $_[0];
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# stackable filetest -X -Y -Z for MSWin32
sub mb::_filetest {
    my @filetest = map { /(-[A-Za-z])/g } @{ shift(@_) };
    local $_ = @_ ? shift : (($filetest[-1] eq '-t') ? \*STDIN : $_);
    confess "Too many arguments for filetest @filetest" if @_ and not wantarray;

    # testee has "\x5C" octet at end
    if (
        ($OSNAME =~ /MSWin32/) and
        ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: sjis | gbk | uhc | big5 | big5hkscs | gb18030 ) \z/xms) and
        /[\x5C]\z/
    ) {
        $_ = qq{$_.};
    }

    # supports stackable filetest
    my $result;
    my $filetest = pop @filetest;
    if ($result = CORE::eval($filetest . ' $_')) { # '$_' at 1st time, and ...
    }
    else {
        return wantarray ? ($result, @_) : $result;
    }
    for my $filetest (CORE::reverse @filetest) {
        if ($result = CORE::eval($filetest . ' _')) { # '_' at 2nd time or later
        }
        else {
            return wantarray ? ($result, @_) : $result;
        }
    }
    return wantarray ? ($result, @_) : $result;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# lstat() for MSWin32
sub mb::_lstat (;$) {
    local $_ = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;
    if ($_ eq '_') {
        confess qq{lstat doesn't support '_'\n};
    }

    # testee has "\x5C" octet at end
    if (
        ($OSNAME =~ /MSWin32/) and
        ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: sjis | gbk | uhc | big5 | big5hkscs | gb18030 ) \z/xms) and
        /[\x5C]\z/
    ) {
        $_ = qq{$_.};
    }

    return CORE::lstat $_;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# opendir() for MSWin32
sub mb::_opendir ($$) {
    if (not defined $_[0]) {
        $_[0] = \do { local *_ };
    }

    # works on MSWin32 only
    if (($OSNAME !~ /MSWin32/) or ($script_encoding !~ /\A (?: sjis | gbk | uhc | big5 | big5hkscs | gb18030 ) \z/xms)) {
        return CORE::opendir $_[0], $_[1];
    }
    elsif (-d $_[1]) {
        return CORE::opendir $_[0], $_[1];
    }
    elsif (-d qq{$_[1].}) {
        return CORE::opendir $_[0], qq{$_[1].};
    }
    return undef;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# stat() for MSWin32
sub mb::_stat (;$) {
    local $_ = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;

    # testee has "\x5C" octet at end
    if (
        ($OSNAME =~ /MSWin32/) and
        ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: sjis | gbk | uhc | big5 | big5hkscs | gb18030 ) \z/xms) and
        /[\x5C]\z/
    ) {
        $_ = qq{$_.};
    }

    return CORE::stat $_;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# unlink() for MSWin32
sub mb::_unlink (@) {

    # works on MSWin32 only
    if (($OSNAME !~ /MSWin32/) or ($script_encoding !~ /\A (?: sjis | gbk | uhc | big5 | big5hkscs | gb18030 ) \z/xms)) {
        return CORE::unlink(@_ ? @_ : $_);
    }

    my $unlink = 0;
    for (@_ ? @_ : $_) {
        if (CORE::unlink) {
            $unlink++;
        }
        elsif (CORE::unlink qq{$_.}) {
            $unlink++;
        }
    }
    return $unlink;
}

######################################################################
# source code filter
######################################################################

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# detect system encoding any of big5, big5hkscs, eucjp, gb18030, gbk, rfc2279, sjis, uhc, utf8, wtf8
sub detect_system_encoding {

    # running on Microsoft Windows
    if ($OSNAME =~ /MSWin32/) {
        if (my($codepage) = qx{chcp} =~ m/[^0123456789](932|936|949|950|951|20932|54936)\Z/) {
            return {qw(
                932   sjis
                936   gbk
                949   uhc
                950   big5
                951   big5hkscs
                20932 eucjp
                54936 gb18030
            )}->{$codepage};
        }
        else {
            return 'utf8';
        }
    }

    # running on Oracle Solaris
    elsif ($OSNAME =~ /solaris/) {
        my $LANG =
            defined($ENV{'LC_ALL'})   ? $ENV{'LC_ALL'}   :
            defined($ENV{'LC_CTYPE'}) ? $ENV{'LC_CTYPE'} :
            defined($ENV{'LANG'})     ? $ENV{'LANG'}     :
            '';
        return {qw(
            ja_JP.PCK     sjis
            ja            eucjp
            japanese      eucjp
            ja_JP.eucJP   eucjp
            zh            gbk
            zh.GBK        gbk
            zh_CN.GBK     gbk
            zh_CN.EUC     gbk
            zh_CN.GB18030 gb18030
            ko            uhc
            ko_KR.EUC     uhc
            zh_TW.BIG5    big5
            zh_HK.BIG5HK  big5hkscs
        )}->{$LANG} || 'utf8';
    }

    # running on HP HP-UX
    elsif ($OSNAME =~ /hpux/) {
        my $LANG =
            defined($ENV{'LC_ALL'})   ? $ENV{'LC_ALL'}   :
            defined($ENV{'LC_CTYPE'}) ? $ENV{'LC_CTYPE'} :
            defined($ENV{'LANG'})     ? $ENV{'LANG'}     :
            '';
        return {qw(
            japanese      sjis
            ja_JP.SJIS    sjis
            japanese.euc  eucjp
            ja_JP.eucJP   eucjp
            zh_CN.hp15CN  gbk
            zh_CN.gb18030 gb18030
            ko_KR.eucKR   uhc
            zh_TW.big5    big5
            zh_HK.big5    big5hkscs
            zh_HK.hkbig5  big5hkscs
        )}->{$LANG} || 'utf8';
    }

    # running on IBM AIX
    elsif ($OSNAME =~ /aix/) {
        my $LANG =
            defined($ENV{'LC_ALL'})   ? $ENV{'LC_ALL'}   :
            defined($ENV{'LC_CTYPE'}) ? $ENV{'LC_CTYPE'} :
            defined($ENV{'LANG'})     ? $ENV{'LANG'}     :
            '';
        return {qw(
            Ja_JP            sjis
            Ja_JP.IBM-943    sjis
            ja_JP            eucjp
            ja_JP.IBM-eucJP  eucjp
            zh_CN            gbk
            zh_CN.IBM-eucCN  gbk
            Zh_CN            gb18030
            Zh_CN.GB18030    gb18030
            ko_KR            uhc
            ko_KR.IBM-eucKR  uhc
            Zh_TW            big5
            Zh_TW.big-5      big5
            Zh_HK            big5hkscs
            Zh_HK.BIG5-HKSCS big5hkscs
        )}->{$LANG} || 'utf8';
    }

    # running on Other Systems
    else {
        my $LANG =
            defined($ENV{'LC_ALL'})   ? $ENV{'LC_ALL'}   :
            defined($ENV{'LC_CTYPE'}) ? $ENV{'LC_CTYPE'} :
            defined($ENV{'LANG'})     ? $ENV{'LANG'}     :
            '';
        return {qw(
            japanese      sjis
            ja_JP.SJIS    sjis
            ja_JP.mscode  sjis
            ja            eucjp
            japan         eucjp
            japanese.euc  eucjp
            Japanese-EUC  eucjp
            ja_JP         eucjp
            ja_JP.ujis    eucjp
            ja_JP.eucJP   eucjp
            ja_JP.AJEC    eucjp
            ja_JP.EUC     eucjp
            Jp_JP         eucjp
            zh_CN.EUC     gbk
            zh_CN.GB2312  gbk
            zh_CN.hp15CN  gbk
            zh_CN.gb18030 gb18030
            ko_KR.eucKR   uhc
            zh_TW.Big5    big5
            zh_TW.big5    big5
            zh_HK.big5    big5hkscs
        )}->{$LANG} || 'utf8';
    }
}

my @here_document_delimiter = ();

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse script
sub parse {
    local $_ = @_ ? $_[0] : $_;

    # Yes, I studied study yesterday, once again.
    study $_; # acts between perl 5.005 to perl 5.014

    @here_document_delimiter = ();

    # transpile JPerl script to Perl script
    my $parsed_script = '';
    while (not /\G \z /xmsgc) {
        $parsed_script .= parse_expr();
    }

    # return octet-oriented Perl script
    return $parsed_script;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Perl 5.42 introduces source::encoding and automatically enables
# ASCII-only checking for "use v5.41" and later.
#
# mb transpiles scripts to mostly US-ASCII, but it intentionally keeps
# comments and POD as-is. Those may contain multibyte characters.
#
# source::encoding is only activated when "use v5.41" or later appears
# in the script. We append "no source::encoding;" on the same line as
# the "use VERSION" statement (replacing any trailing semicolon first)
# to avoid introducing extra lines that would shift line numbers in
# error messages.
sub _insert_source_encoding_unimport {
    my($script) = @_;

    # append "no source::encoding;" on the same line as "use v5.41" or later,
    # before any trailing comment, to avoid line number shifts in error messages.
    # matches: use v5.41; use v5.42; use 5.041; use 5.042; etc.
    $script =~ s{
        ( \buse \s+
          (?: v5\. (?:4[1-9]|[5-9]\d|\d{3,})   # use v5.41 and later
            | 5\.0(?:4[1-9]|[5-9]\d|\d{3,})      # use 5.041 and later
          )
          [^\n#;]*                                 # rest of statement (no # or ;)
        )
        ;?                                         # consume trailing semicolon
        ( [^\n]* )                                 # trailing comment (if any)
        ( (?:\r\n|\r|\n) )                         # line ending
    }{$1; no source::encoding;$2$3}xmsg;

    return $script;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse ambiguous characters
sub parse_ambiguous_char {
    my $parsed = '';

    # Ambiguous characters
    # --------------------------------------------------------
    # Character   Operator          Term
    # --------------------------------------------------------
    # %           modulo            %hash
    # &           &, &&             &subroutine
    # '           package           'string'
    # *           multiplication    *typeglob
    # +           addition          unary plus
    # -           subtraction       unary minus
    # .           concatenation     .3333
    # /           division          /pattern/
    # <           less than         <>, <HANDLE>, <fileglob>
    # <<          left shift        <<HERE, <<~HERE, <<>>
    # ?           ?:                ?pattern?
    # --------------------------------------------------------

    # any term then operator
    if (m{\G ( \s* (?:

    #   12345 | 12345 | 12345 | 12345 | 12345 | 12345 |
        %=    | %     |                                 # "\x25" [%] PERCENT SIGN   (U+0025)
        &&=   | &&    | &\.=  | &\.   | &=    | &     | # "\x26" [&] AMPERSAND      (U+0026)
        \*\*= | \*\*  | \*=   | \*    |                 # "\x2A" [*] ASTERISK       (U+002A)
        \.\.\.| \.\.  | \.=   | \.    |                 # "\x2E" [.] FULL STOP      (U+002E)
        \/\/= | \/\/  | \/=   | \/    |                 # "\x2F" [/] SOLIDUS        (U+002F)
        <=>   | <<    | <=    | <     |                 # "\x3C" [<] LESS-THAN SIGN (U+003C)
        \?                                              # "\x3F" [?] QUESTION MARK  (U+003F)
    )) }xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    return $parsed;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse expression in script
sub parse_expr {
    my $parsed = '';
    my $old_package = mb::get_old_package();

    # __END__ or __DATA__
    if (/\G ^ ( (?: __END__ | __DATA__ ) $R .* ) \z/xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # =pod ... =cut
    elsif (/\G ^ ( = [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]* [\x00-\xFF]*? $R =cut \b [^\n]* $R ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # "\r\n", "\r", "\n"
    elsif (/\G (?= $R ) /xmsgc) {
        while (my $here_document_delimiter = shift @here_document_delimiter) {
            my($delimiter, $quote_type) = @{$here_document_delimiter};
            if ($quote_type eq 'qq') {
                $parsed .= parse_heredocument_as_qq_endswith($delimiter);
            }
            elsif ($quote_type eq 'q') {

                # perlop > Quote-Like Operators > <<EOF > Single Quotes
                #
                # Single quotes indicate the text is to be treated literally
                # with no interpolation of its content. This is similar to
                # single quoted strings except that backslashes have no special
                # meaning, with \\ being treated as two backslashes and not
                # one as they would in every other quoting construct.
                # https://perldoc.perl.org/perlop.html#Quote-Like-Operators

                $parsed .= parse_heredocument_as_q_endswith($delimiter);
            }
            else {
                die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] here document delimiter '$delimiter' not found.\n";
            }
        }
    }

    # "\t"
    # "\x20" [ ] SPACE (U+0020)
    elsif (/\G ( [\t ]+ ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # "\x3B" [;] SEMICOLON (U+003B)
    elsif (/\G ( ; ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # balanced brackets
    # "\x28" [(] LEFT PARENTHESIS    (U+0028)
    # "\x7B" [{] LEFT CURLY BRACKET  (U+007B)
    # "\x5B" [[] LEFT SQUARE BRACKET (U+005B)
    elsif (/\G ( [(\{\[] ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= parse_expr_balanced($1);
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # version string
    # v102.111.111
    # 102.111.111
    elsif (/\G (
        v [0-9]+ (?: \.[0-9]+ ){1,} \b |
          [0-9]+ (?: \.[0-9]+ ){2,} \b
    ) /xmsgc) {
        my $v_string = $1;
        $parsed .= join('.', map { "mb::chr($_)" } ($v_string =~ /[0-9]+/g));
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # version string
    # v9786
    elsif (/\G v ( [0-9]+ ) \b (?! \s* => ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "mb::chr($1)";
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # numbers
    # "\x2E" [.] [0-9]
    # "\x30" [0] DIGIT ZERO  (U+0030)
    # "\x31" [1] DIGIT ONE   (U+0031)
    # "\x32" [2] DIGIT TWO   (U+0032)
    # "\x33" [3] DIGIT THREE (U+0033)
    # "\x34" [4] DIGIT FOUR  (U+0034)
    # "\x35" [5] DIGIT FIVE  (U+0035)
    # "\x36" [6] DIGIT SIX   (U+0036)
    # "\x37" [7] DIGIT SEVEN (U+0037)
    # "\x38" [8] DIGIT EIGHT (U+0038)
    # "\x39" [9] DIGIT NINE  (U+0039)
    elsif (m{\G (

# since Perl v5.22 adds hexadecimal floating point literals
# https://perldoc.perl.org/perl5220delta#Floating-point-parsing-has-been-improved
# https://perldoc.perl.org/5.32.0/perldata#Scalar-value-constructors

# https://qiita.com/mod_poppo/items/3fa4cdc35f9bfb352ad5
# https://qiita.com/mod_poppo/items/3fa4cdc35f9bfb352ad5#perl
#
# $ perl -l -e 'print(0x1.23); print(0x1.23p0)'
# makes ==> 123
# makes ==> 1.13671875

        0[Xx] [0-9A-Fa-f_]+ \. [0-9A-Fa-f_]* [Pp] [+-]? [0-9_]+ |
        0[Xx]               \. [0-9A-Fa-f_]+ [Pp] [+-]? [0-9_]+ |
        0[Xx] [0-9A-Fa-f_]+                                     |

# since perl v5.33.5 Core Enhancements New octal syntax 0oddddd

        0[Oo] [0-7_]+ |
        0     [0-7_]* |

        0[Bb] [01_]+  |

        [1-9] [0-9_]* \. [0-9_]* [Ee] [+-]? [0-9_]+ |
        [1-9] [0-9_]*                               |
                      \. [0-9_]+ [Ee] [+-]? [0-9_]+ |
                      \. [0-9_]+

    ) }xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # file test operators on MSWin32
    # "\x2D" [-] HYPHEN-MINUS (U+002D)

    # -X -Y -Z 'file' --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], 'file'
    # -X -Y -Z "file" --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], "file"
    # -X -Y -Z `file` --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], `file`
    # -X -Y -Z $file  --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], $file
    # ..., and filetest any word except file handle or directory handle
    # -X -Y -Z m//    --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], m//
    # -X -Y -Z q//    --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], q//
    # -X -Y -Z qq//   --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], qq//
    # -X -Y -Z qr//   --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], qr//
    # -X -Y -Z qw//   --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], qw//
    # -X -Y -Z qx//   --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], qx//
    # -X -Y -Z s///   --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], s///
    # -X -Y -Z tr///  --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], tr///
    # -X -Y -Z y///   --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], y///
    #          vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    #                                                               vvvvvvvvvvvv  vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    elsif (/\G ( (?: -[ABCMORSTWXbcdefgkloprstuwxz] \s* )+ \b ) (?= (?: \( \s* )* (?: ' | " | ` | \$ | (?: (?: m | q | qq | qr | qw | qx | s | tr | y ) \b )) ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "mb::_filetest [qw( $1 )], ";
    }

    # filetest file handle or directory handle
    # -X -Y -Z _    --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], \*_
    # -X -Y -Z FILE --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], \*FILE
    #          vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    #            vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv       vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    elsif (/\G ( (?: -[ABCMORSTWXbcdefgkloprstuwxz] \s* )+ \b ) (?= [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]* ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "mb::_filetest [qw( $1)], ";
        $parsed .= '\\*';
    }

    # -X -Y -Z ... --> mb::_filetest [qw( -X -Y -Z )], ...
    #          vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    #            vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    elsif (/\G ( (?: -[ABCMORSTWXbcdefgkloprstuwxz] \s* )+ \b ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "mb::_filetest [qw( $1)]";
        if (my $ambiguous_char = parse_ambiguous_char()) {
            $parsed .= $ambiguous_char;
        }
        else {
            $parsed .= ', ';
        }
    }

    # yada-yada or triple-dot operator
    elsif (/\G ( \.\.\. ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # -> and any method
    elsif (/\G ( -> \s* [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]* ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # symbolic operators
    elsif (/\G (

    #   12345 | 12345 | 12345 | 12345 | 12345 | 12345 |
        !=    | !~    | !     |                         # "\x21" [!] EXCLAMATION MARK  (U+0021)
        \+\+  | \+=   | \+    |                         # "\x2B" [+] PLUS SIGN         (U+002B)
        ,     |                                         # "\x2C" [,] COMMA             (U+002C)
        --    | -=    | ->    | -     |                 # "\x2D" [-] HYPHEN-MINUS      (U+002D)
        ==    | =>    | =~    | =     |                 # "\x3D" [=] EQUALS SIGN       (U+003D)
        >>    | >=    | >     |                         # "\x3E" [>] GREATER-THAN SIGN (U+003E)
        \\    |                                         # "\x5C" [\] REVERSE SOLIDUS   (U+005C)
        \^\^= | \^\^  | \^\.= | \^\.  | \^=   | \^    | # "\x5E" [^] CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT (U+005E)
        \|\|= | \|\|  | \|\.= | \|\.  | \|=   | \|    | # "\x7C" [|] VERTICAL LINE     (U+007C)
        ~~    | ~\.   | ~=    | ~                       # "\x7E" [~] TILDE             (U+007E)

    ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # named operators
    elsif (/\G ( (?: and | cmp | eq | ge | gt | isa | le | lt | ne | not | or | x | x= | xor ) \b ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # $`           --> mb::_PREMATCH()
    # ${`}         --> mb::_PREMATCH()
    # $PREMATCH    --> mb::_PREMATCH()
    # ${PREMATCH}  --> mb::_PREMATCH()
    # ${^PREMATCH} --> mb::_PREMATCH()
    elsif (/\G (?: \$` | \$\{`\} | \$PREMATCH | \$\{PREMATCH\} | \$\{\^PREMATCH\} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= 'mb::_PREMATCH()';
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # $&        --> mb::_MATCH()
    # ${&}      --> mb::_MATCH()
    # $MATCH    --> mb::_MATCH()
    # ${MATCH}  --> mb::_MATCH()
    # ${^MATCH} --> mb::_MATCH()
    elsif (/\G (?: \$& | \$\{&\} | \$MATCH | \$\{MATCH\} | \$\{\^MATCH\} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= 'mb::_MATCH()';
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # $1 --> mb::_CAPTURE(1)
    # $2 --> mb::_CAPTURE(2)
    # $3 --> mb::_CAPTURE(3)
    elsif (/\G \$ ([1-9][0-9]*) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "mb::_CAPTURE($1)";
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # @{^CAPTURE} --> mb::_CAPTURE()
    elsif (/\G \@\{\^CAPTURE\} /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= 'mb::_CAPTURE()';
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # ${^CAPTURE}[0] --> mb::_CAPTURE(1)
    # ${^CAPTURE}[1] --> mb::_CAPTURE(2)
    # ${^CAPTURE}[2] --> mb::_CAPTURE(3)
    elsif (/\G \$\{\^CAPTURE\} \s* (\[) /xmsgc) {
        my $n_th = quotee_of(parse_expr_balanced($1));
        $parsed .= "mb::_CAPTURE($n_th+1)";
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # @-                   --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()
    # @LAST_MATCH_START    --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()
    # @{LAST_MATCH_START}  --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()
    # @{^LAST_MATCH_START} --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()
    elsif (/\G (?: \@- | \@LAST_MATCH_START | \@\{LAST_MATCH_START\} | \@\{\^LAST_MATCH_START\} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= 'mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()';
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # $-[1]                   --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)
    # $LAST_MATCH_START[1]    --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)
    # ${LAST_MATCH_START}[1]  --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)
    # ${^LAST_MATCH_START}[1] --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)
    elsif (/\G (?: \$- | \$LAST_MATCH_START | \$\{LAST_MATCH_START\} | \$\{\^LAST_MATCH_START\} ) \s* (\[) /xmsgc) {
        my $n_th = quotee_of(parse_expr_balanced($1));
        $parsed .= "mb::_LAST_MATCH_START($n_th)";
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # @+                 --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()
    # @LAST_MATCH_END    --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()
    # @{LAST_MATCH_END}  --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()
    # @{^LAST_MATCH_END} --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()
    elsif (/\G (?: \@\+ | \@LAST_MATCH_END | \@\{LAST_MATCH_END\} | \@\{\^LAST_MATCH_END\} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= 'mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()';
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # $+[1]                 --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)
    # $LAST_MATCH_END[1]    --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)
    # ${LAST_MATCH_END}[1]  --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)
    # ${^LAST_MATCH_END}[1] --> mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)
    elsif (/\G (?: \$\+ | \$LAST_MATCH_END | \$\{LAST_MATCH_END\} | \$\{\^LAST_MATCH_END\} ) \s* (\[) /xmsgc) {
        my $n_th = quotee_of(parse_expr_balanced($1));
        $parsed .= "mb::_LAST_MATCH_END($n_th)";
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # CORE::do      { block } --> CORE::do      { block }
    # CORE::eval    { block } --> CORE::eval    { block }
    # CORE::try     { block } --> CORE::try     { block }
    # CORE::finally { block } --> CORE::finally { block }
    elsif (/\G ( CORE:: (?: do | eval | try | finally ) \s* ) ( \{ ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_expr_balanced($2);
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # mb::do      { block } --> do      { block }
    # mb::eval    { block } --> eval    { block }
    # mb::try     { block } --> try     { block }
    # mb::finally { block } --> finally { block }
    # do          { block } --> do      { block }
    # eval        { block } --> eval    { block }
    # try         { block } --> try     { block }
    # finally     { block } --> finally { block }
    elsif (/\G (?: mb:: | $old_package )? ( (?: do | eval | try | finally ) \s* ) ( \{ ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_expr_balanced($2);
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # $#{}, ${}, @{}, %{}, &{}, *{}, defer {}, sub {}
    # "\x24" [$] DOLLAR SIGN (U+0024)
    elsif (/\G ((?: \$[#] | [\$\@%&*] | defer | sub ) \s* ) ( \{ ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_expr_balanced($2);
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # mb::do   --> mb::do
    # CORE::do --> CORE::do
    # do       --> do
    elsif (/\G ( (?: mb:: | CORE:: )? do ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # mb::eval   --> mb::eval
    # CORE::eval --> CORE::eval
    # eval       --> eval
    elsif (/\G ( (?: mb:: | CORE:: )? eval ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # last index of array
    elsif (/\G ( [\$] [#] (?: [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*(?:(?:'|::)[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)* ) ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # scalar variable
    elsif (/\G (     [\$] [\$]* (?: [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*(?:(?:'|::)[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)* | ^\{[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*\} | [0-9]+ | [!"#\$%&'()+,\-.\/:;<=>?\@\[\\\]\^_`|~] ) (?: \s* (?: \+\+ | -- ) )? ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # array variable
    # "\x40" [@] COMMERCIAL AT (U+0040)
    elsif (/\G (   [\@\$] [\$]* (?: [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*(?:(?:'|::)[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)* | [_] ) ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # hash variable
    elsif (/\G ( [\%\@\$] [\$]* (?: [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*(?:(?:'|::)[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)* | [!+\-] ) ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # user subroutine call
    # type glob
    elsif (/\G (     [&*] [\$]* (?: [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*(?:(?:'|::)[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)* ) ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # comment
    # "\x23" [#] NUMBER SIGN (U+0023)
    elsif (/\G ( [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # 2-quotes

    # '...'
    # "\x27" ['] APOSTROPHE (U+0027)
    elsif (m{\G ( ' ) }xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= parse_q__like_endswith($1);
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # "...", `...`
    # "\x22" ["] QUOTATION MARK (U+0022)
    # "\x60" [`] GRAVE ACCENT   (U+0060)
    elsif (m{\G ( ["`] ) }xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1);
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # /.../
    elsif (m{\G ( [/] ) }xmsgc) {
        my $regexp = parse_re_endswith('m',$1);
        my($modifier_i, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr) = parse_re_modifier();

        # /xx modifier
        if (($modifier_not_cegir =~ tr/x//) >= 2) {
            $regexp = mb::_ignore_space($regexp);
        }

        # /i modifier
        if ($modifier_i) {
            $parsed .= sprintf('m{\\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr%s%s)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}%s', $regexp, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr);
        }
        else {
            $parsed .= sprintf('m{\\G${mb::_anchor}@{[' .            'qr%s%s ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}%s', $regexp, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr);
        }
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # ?...?
    elsif (m{\G ( [?] ) }xmsgc) {
        my $regexp = parse_re_endswith('m',$1);
        my($modifier_i, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr) = parse_re_modifier();

        # /xx modifier
        if (($modifier_not_cegir =~ tr/x//) >= 2) {
            $regexp = mb::_ignore_space($regexp);
        }

        # /i modifier
        if ($modifier_i) {
            $parsed .= sprintf('m{\\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr%s%s)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}%s', $regexp, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr);
        }
        else {
            $parsed .= sprintf('m{\\G${mb::_anchor}@{[' .            'qr%s%s ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}%s', $regexp, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr);
        }
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # <<>> double-diamond operator
    elsif (/\G ( <<>> ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # <FILE> diamond operator
    # <${file}>
    # <$file>
    # <fileglob>
    elsif (/\G (<) ((?:(?!\s)$x)*?) (>) /xmsgc) {
        my($open_bracket, $quotee, $close_bracket) = ($1, $2, $3);
        $parsed .= $open_bracket;
        while ($quotee =~ /\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= escape_qq($1, $close_bracket);
        }
        $parsed .= $close_bracket;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # qw/.../, q/.../
    elsif (/\G ( qw | q ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        if    (/\G ( [#] )        /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_q__like_endswith($1); }
        elsif (/\G ( ['] )        /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_q__like_endswith($1); }
        elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_q__like_balanced($1); }
        elsif (m{\G( [/] )        }xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_q__like_endswith($1); }
        elsif (/\G ( [\S] )       /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_q__like_endswith($1); }
        elsif (/\G ( \s+ )        /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1;
            while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
                $parsed .= $1;
            }
            if    (/\G ( [A-Za-z_0-9] ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_q__like_endswith($1); }
            elsif (/\G ( ['] )          /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_q__like_endswith($1); }
            elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] )   /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_q__like_balanced($1); }
            elsif (m{\G( [/] )          }xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_q__like_endswith($1); }
            elsif (/\G ( [\S] )         /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_q__like_endswith($1); }
            else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
        }
        else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # qq/.../
    elsif (/\G ( qq ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        if    (/\G ( [#] )        /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }
        elsif (/\G ( ['] )        /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); } # qq'...' works as "..."
        elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_balanced($1); }
        elsif (m{\G( [/] )        }xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }
        elsif (/\G ( [\S] )       /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }
        elsif (/\G ( \s+ )        /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1;
            while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
                $parsed .= $1;
            }
            if    (/\G ( [A-Za-z_0-9] ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }
            elsif (/\G ( ['] )          /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); } # qq'...' works as "..."
            elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] )   /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_balanced($1); }
            elsif (m{\G( [/] )          }xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }
            elsif (/\G ( [\S] )         /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }
            else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
        }
        else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # qx/.../
    elsif (/\G ( qx ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        if    (/\G ( [#] )        /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }
        elsif (/\G ( ['] )        /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_q__like_endswith($1); }
        elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_balanced($1); }
        elsif (m{\G( [/] )        }xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }
        elsif (/\G ( [\S] )       /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }
        elsif (/\G ( \s+ )        /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1;
            while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
                $parsed .= $1;
            }
            if    (/\G ( [A-Za-z_0-9] ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }
            elsif (/\G ( ['] )          /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_q__like_endswith($1); }
            elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] )   /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_balanced($1); }
            elsif (m{\G( [/] )          }xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }
            elsif (/\G ( [\S] )         /xmsgc) { $parsed .= parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }
            else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
        }
        else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # m/.../, qr/.../
    elsif (/\G ( m | qr ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        my $regexp = '';
        if    (/\G ( [#] )        /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('m',$1);      }       # qr#...#
        elsif (/\G ( ['] )        /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_as_q_endswith('m',$1); }       # qr'...'
        elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] ) /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_balanced('m',$1);      }       # qr{...}
        elsif (m{\G( [/] )        }xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('m',$1);      }       # qr/.../
        elsif (/\G ( [:\@] )      /xmsgc) { $regexp .= ('`' . quotee_of(parse_re_endswith('m',$1)) . '`'); } # qr@...@
        elsif (/\G ( [\S] )       /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('m',$1);      }       # qr?...?
        elsif (/\G ( \s+ )        /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1; $regexp .= $1;                      # qr SPACE ...
            while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
                $parsed .= $1;
            }
            if    (/\G ( [A-Za-z_0-9] ) /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('m',$1);      } # qr SPACE A...A
            elsif (/\G ( ['] )          /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_as_q_endswith('m',$1); } # qr SPACE '...'
            elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] )   /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_balanced('m',$1);      } # qr SPACE {...}
            elsif (m{\G( [/] )          }xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('m',$1);      } # qr SPACE /.../
            elsif (/\G ( [:\@] )        /xmsgc) { $regexp .= ('`' . quotee_of(parse_re_endswith('m',$1)) . '`'); } # qr SPACE @...@
            elsif (/\G ( [\S] )         /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('m',$1);      } # qr SPACE ?...?
            else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
        }
        else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }

        my($modifier_i, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr) = parse_re_modifier();

        # /xx modifier
        if (($modifier_not_cegir =~ tr/x//) >= 2) {
            $regexp = mb::_ignore_space($regexp);
        }

        # /i modifier
        if ($modifier_i) {
            $parsed .= sprintf('{\\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr%s%s)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}%s', $regexp, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr);
        }
        else {
            $parsed .= sprintf('{\\G${mb::_anchor}@{[' .            'qr%s%s ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}%s', $regexp, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr);
        }
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # 3-quotes

    # s/.../.../
    elsif (/\G ( s ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        my $regexp = '';
        my $comment = '';
        my @replacement = ();
        if    (/\G ( [#] )        /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('s',$1);      @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }       # s#...#...#
        elsif (/\G ( ['] )        /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_as_q_endswith('s',$1); @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }       # s'...'...'
        elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] ) /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_balanced('s',$1);                                                         # s{...}...
            if    (/\G ( [#] )        /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                              # s{}#...#
            elsif (/\G ( ['] )        /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                              # s{}'...'
            elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] ) /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_balanced($1); }                                              # s{}{...}
            elsif (m{\G( [/] )        }xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                              # s{}/.../
            elsif (/\G ( [\S] )       /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                              # s{}?...?
            elsif (/\G ( \s+ )        /xmsgc) { $comment .= $1;                                                                           # s{} SPACE ...
                while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
                    $comment .= $1;
                }
                if    (/\G ( [A-Za-z_0-9] ) /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                        # s{} SPACE A...A
                elsif (/\G ( ['] )          /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                        # s{} SPACE '...'
                elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] )   /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_balanced($1); }                                        # s{} SPACE {...}
                elsif (m{\G( [/] )          }xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                        # s{} SPACE /.../
                elsif (/\G ( [\S] )         /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                        # s{} SPACE ?...?
                else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
            }
            else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
        }
        elsif (m{\G( [/] )        }xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('s',$1); @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }            # s/.../.../
        elsif (/\G ( [:\@] )      /xmsgc) { $regexp .= ('`' . quotee_of(parse_re_endswith('s',$1)) . '`');
                                                                                  @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }            # s@...@...@
        elsif (/\G ( [\S] )       /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('s',$1); @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }            # s?...?...?
        elsif (/\G ( \s+ )        /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1; $regexp .= $1;                                                                 # s SPACE ...
            while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
                $parsed .= $1;
            }
            if    (/\G ( [A-Za-z_0-9] ) /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('s',$1);      @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); } # s SPACE A...A...A
            elsif (/\G ( ['] )          /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_as_q_endswith('s',$1); @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); } # s SPACE '...'...'
            elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] )   /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_balanced('s',$1);                                                   # s SPACE {...}...
                if    (/\G ( [#] )        /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                          # s SPACE {}#...#
                elsif (/\G ( ['] )        /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                          # s SPACE {}'...'
                elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] ) /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_balanced($1); }                                          # s SPACE {}{...}
                elsif (m{\G( [/] )        }xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                          # s SPACE {}/.../
                elsif (/\G ( [\S] )       /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                          # s SPACE {}?...?
                elsif (/\G ( \s+ )        /xmsgc) { $comment .= $1;                                                                       # s SPACE {} SPACE ...
                    while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
                        $comment .= $1;
                    }
                    if    (/\G ( [A-Za-z_0-9] ) /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                    # s SPACE {} SPACE A...A
                    elsif (/\G ( ['] )          /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                    # s SPACE {} SPACE '...'
                    elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] )   /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_balanced($1); }                                    # s SPACE {} SPACE {...}
                    elsif (m{\G( [/] )          }xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                    # s SPACE {} SPACE /.../
                    elsif (/\G ( [\S] )         /xmsgc) { @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }                                    # s SPACE {} SPACE ?...?
                    else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
                }
                else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
            }
            elsif (m{\G( [/] )          }xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('s',$1); @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }      # s SPACE /.../.../
            elsif (/\G ( [:\@] )        /xmsgc) { $regexp .= ('`' . quotee_of(parse_re_endswith('s',$1)) . '`');
                                                                                        @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }      # s SPACE @...@...@
            elsif (/\G ( [\S] )         /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('s',$1); @replacement = parse_qq_like_endswith($1); }      # s SPACE ?...?...?
            else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
        }
        else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }

        my($modifier_i, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr) = parse_re_modifier();
        my $replacement = '';
        my $eval = '';

        # has /e modifier
        if (my $e = $modifier_cegr =~ tr/e//d) {
            $replacement = 'q'. $replacement[1]; # q-type quotee
            $eval = 'mb::eval ' x $e;
        }

        # s''q-quotee'
        elsif ($replacement[0] =~ /\A ' /xms) {
            $replacement = $replacement[1]; # q-type quotee
        }

        # s##qq-quotee#
        elsif ($replacement[0] =~ /\A [#] /xms) {
            $replacement = 'qq' . $replacement[0]; # qq-type quotee
        }

        # s//qq-quotee/
        else {
            $replacement = 'qq ' . $replacement[0]; # qq-type quotee
        }

        # /xx modifier
        if (($modifier_not_cegir =~ tr/x//) >= 2) {
            $regexp = mb::_ignore_space($regexp);
        }

        # /i modifier
        if ($modifier_i) {
            $parsed .= sprintf('{(\\G${mb::_anchor})@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr%s%s)]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}%s{$1 . %s%s}e%s', $regexp, $modifier_not_cegir, $comment, $eval, $replacement, $modifier_cegr);
        }
        else {
            $parsed .= sprintf('{(\\G${mb::_anchor})@{[' .            'qr%s%s ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}%s{$1 . %s%s}e%s', $regexp, $modifier_not_cegir, $comment, $eval, $replacement, $modifier_cegr);
        }
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # tr/.../.../, y/.../.../
    elsif (/\G (?: tr | y ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= 's'; # not 'tr'
        my $search = '';
        my $comment = '';
        my $replacement = '';
        if    (/\G ( [#] )        /xmsgc) { $search .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }       # tr#...#...#
        elsif (/\G ( ['] )        /xmsgc) { $search .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }       # tr'...'...'
        elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] ) /xmsgc) { $search .= parse_tr_like_balanced($1);                                                     # tr{...}...
            if    (/\G ( [#] )        /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                          # tr{}#...#
            elsif (/\G ( ['] )        /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                          # tr{}'...'
            elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] ) /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_balanced($1); }                                          # tr{}{...}
            elsif (m{\G( [/] )        }xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                          # tr{}/.../
            elsif (/\G ( [\S] )       /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                          # tr{}?...?
            elsif (/\G ( \s+ )        /xmsgc) { $comment .= $1;                                                                        # tr{} SPACE ...
                while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
                    $comment .= $1;
                }
                if    (/\G ( [A-Za-z_0-9] ) /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                    # tr{} SPACE A...A
                elsif (/\G ( ['] )          /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                    # tr{} SPACE '...'
                elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] )   /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_balanced($1); }                                    # tr{} SPACE {...}
                elsif (m{\G( [/] )          }xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                    # tr{} SPACE /.../
                elsif (/\G ( [\S] )         /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                    # tr{} SPACE ?...?
                else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
            }
            else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
        }
        elsif (m{\G( [/] )        }xmsgc) { $search .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }       # tr/.../.../
        elsif (/\G ( [\S] )       /xmsgc) { $search .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }       # tr?...?...?
        elsif (/\G ( \s+ )        /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1;                                                                             # tr SPACE ...
            while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
                $parsed .= $1;
            }
            if    (/\G ( [A-Za-z_0-9] ) /xmsgc) { $search .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); } # tr SPACE A...A...A
            elsif (/\G ( ['] )          /xmsgc) { $search .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); } # tr SPACE '...'...'
            elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] )   /xmsgc) { $search .= parse_tr_like_balanced($1);                                               # tr SPACE {...}...
                if    (/\G ( [#] )        /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                      # tr SPACE {}#...#
                elsif (/\G ( ['] )        /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                      # tr SPACE {}'...'
                elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] ) /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_balanced($1); }                                      # tr SPACE {}{...}
                elsif (m{\G( [/] )        }xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                      # tr SPACE {}/.../
                elsif (/\G ( [\S] )       /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                      # tr SPACE {}?...?
                elsif (/\G ( \s+ )        /xmsgc) { $comment .= $1;                                                                    # tr SPACE {} SPACE ...
                    while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
                        $comment .= $1;
                    }
                    if    (/\G ( [A-Za-z_0-9] ) /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                # tr SPACE {} SPACE A...A
                    elsif (/\G ( ['] )          /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                # tr SPACE {} SPACE '...'
                    elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] )   /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_balanced($1); }                                # tr SPACE {} SPACE {...}
                    elsif (m{\G( [/] )          }xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                # tr SPACE {} SPACE /.../
                    elsif (/\G ( [\S] )         /xmsgc) { $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); }                                # tr SPACE {} SPACE ?...?
                    else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
                }
                else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
            }
            elsif (m{\G( [/] )          }xmsgc) { $search .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); } # tr SPACE /.../.../
            elsif (/\G ( [\S] )         /xmsgc) { $search .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); $replacement .= parse_tr_like_endswith($1); } # tr SPACE ?...?...?
            else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
        }
        else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }

        # modifier
        my($modifier_not_r, $modifier_r) = parse_tr_modifier();
        if ($modifier_r) {
            $parsed .= sprintf(q<{[\x00-\xFF]*}%s{mb::tr($&,q%s,q%s,'%sr')}ser>, $comment, $search, $replacement, $modifier_not_r);
        }
        elsif ($modifier_not_r =~ /s/) {

            # this implementation cannot return right count of codepoints replaced.
            # if you want right count, you can call mb::tr() yourself.
            $parsed .= sprintf(q<{[\x00-\xFF]+}%s{mb::tr($&,q%s,q%s,'%sr')}se>,  $comment, $search, $replacement, $modifier_not_r);
        }
        else {

            # $parsed .= sprintf(q<{@{mb::_dot}}%s{mb::tr($&,q%s,q%s,'%sr')}msge>, $comment, $search, $replacement, $modifier_not_r);
            #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/;    ($r,$_) } => (9,111222DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/s;   ($r,$_) } => (9,111222DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/d;   ($r,$_) } => (9,11122DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/ds;  ($r,$_) } => (9,11122DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/c;   ($r,$_) } => (9,AAABBC22A)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/cs;  ($r,$_) } => (9,AAABBC22A)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/cd;  ($r,$_) } => (9,AAABBCA)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/cds; ($r,$_) } => (9,AAABBCA)

            # $parsed .= sprintf(q<{[\x00-\xFF]*}%s{mb::tr($&,q%s,q%s,'%sr')}msge>, $comment, $search, $replacement, $modifier_not_r);
            #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/;    ($r,$_) } => (2,111222DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/s;   ($r,$_) } => (2,12DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/d;   ($r,$_) } => (2,11122DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/ds;  ($r,$_) } => (2,12DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/c;   ($r,$_) } => (2,AAABBC22A)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/cs;  ($r,$_) } => (2,AAABBC2A)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/cd;  ($r,$_) } => (2,AAABBCA)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/cds; ($r,$_) } => (2,AAABBCA)

            # if ($modifier_not_r =~ /c/) {
            #     $parsed .= sprintf(q<{@{[mb::_cc(q[^%s])]}}%s{mb::tr($&,q%s,q%s,'%sr')}msge>, $search, $comment, $search, $replacement, $modifier_not_r);
            # }
            # else {
            #     $parsed .= sprintf(q<{@{[mb::_cc(q[%s])]}}%s{mb::tr($&,q%s,q%s,'%sr')}msge>, $search, $comment, $search, $replacement, $modifier_not_r);
            # }
            #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/;    ($r,$_) } => (7,111222DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/s;   ($r,$_) } => (7,111222DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/d;   ($r,$_) } => (7,11122DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/ds;  ($r,$_) } => (7,11122DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/c;   ($r,$_) } => (2,AAABBC22A)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/cs;  ($r,$_) } => (2,AAABBC22A)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/cd;  ($r,$_) } => (2,AAABBCA)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/cds; ($r,$_) } => (2,AAABBCA)

            # better idea of mine
            if ($modifier_not_r =~ /c/) {
                $parsed .= sprintf(q<{(\\G${mb::_anchor})((?!%s)@{mb::_dot})}%s{$1.mb::tr($2,q%s,q%s,'%sr')}sge>, codepoint_tr($search), $comment, $search, $replacement, $modifier_not_r);
            }
            else {
                $parsed .= sprintf(q<{(\\G${mb::_anchor})((?=%s)@{mb::_dot})}%s{$1.mb::tr($2,q%s,q%s,'%sr')}sge>, codepoint_tr($search), $comment, $search, $replacement, $modifier_not_r);
            }
            #------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/;    ($r,$_) } => (7,111222DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/s;   ($r,$_) } => (1,12DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/d;   ($r,$_) } => (7,11122DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/ds;  ($r,$_) } => (1,12DE1)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/c;   ($r,$_) } => (2,AAABBC22A)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/cs;  ($r,$_) } => (1,AAABBC2A)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/cd;  ($r,$_) } => (2,AAABBCA)
            # do { $_='AAABBCDEA'; $r=tr/ABC/12/cds; ($r,$_) } => (1,AAABBCA)
        }
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # indented here document
    elsif (/\G ( <<~ ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        if    (/\G (         ([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)  ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1; push @here_document_delimiter, ["[\\t ]*$2$R", 'qq']; }
        elsif (/\G (       \\([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)  ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1; push @here_document_delimiter, ["[\\t ]*$2$R", 'q' ]; }
        elsif (/\G ( [\t ]* '([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)' ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1; push @here_document_delimiter, ["[\\t ]*$2$R", 'q' ]; }
        elsif (/\G ( [\t ]* "([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)" ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1; push @here_document_delimiter, ["[\\t ]*$2$R", 'qq']; }
        elsif (/\G ( [\t ]* `([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)` ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1; push @here_document_delimiter, ["[\\t ]*$2$R", 'qq']; }
        else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # here document
    elsif (/\G ( << ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        if    (/\G (         ([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)  ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1; push @here_document_delimiter, [       "$2$R", 'qq']; }
        elsif (/\G (       \\([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)  ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1; push @here_document_delimiter, [       "$2$R", 'q' ]; }
        elsif (/\G ( [\t ]* '([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)' ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1; push @here_document_delimiter, [       "$2$R", 'q' ]; }
        elsif (/\G ( [\t ]* "([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)" ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1; push @here_document_delimiter, [       "$2$R", 'qq']; }
        elsif (/\G ( [\t ]* `([A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)` ) /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1; push @here_document_delimiter, [       "$2$R", 'qq']; }
        else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # sub subroutine();
    elsif (/\G ( sub \s+ [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*(?:(?:'|::)[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)* \s* ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # while (<<>>)
    elsif (/\G ( while \s* \( \s* ) ( <<>> ) ( \s* \) ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= $2;
        $parsed .= $3;
    }

    # while (<${file}>)
    # while (<$file>)
    # while (<FILE>)
    # while (<fileglob>)
    elsif (/\G ( while \s* \( \s* ) (<) ((?:(?!\s)$x)*?) (>) ( \s* \) ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        my($open_bracket, $quotee, $close_bracket) = ($2, $3, $4);
        my $close_bracket2 = $5;
        $parsed .= $open_bracket;
        while ($quotee =~ /\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= escape_qq($1, $close_bracket);
        }
        $parsed .= $close_bracket;
        $parsed .= $close_bracket2;
    }

    # while <<>>
    elsif (/\G ( while \s* ) ( <<>> ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= $2;
    }

    # while <${file}>
    # while <$file>
    # while <FILE>
    # while <fileglob>
    elsif (/\G ( while \s* ) (<) ((?:(?!\s)$x)*?) (>) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        my($open_bracket, $quotee, $close_bracket) = ($2, $3, $4);
        $parsed .= $open_bracket;
        while ($quotee =~ /\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= escape_qq($1, $close_bracket);
        }
        $parsed .= $close_bracket;
    }

    # if          (expr)
    # elsif       (expr)
    # unless      (expr)
    # while       (expr)
    # until       (expr)
    # given       (expr)
    # when        (expr)
    # CORE::catch (expr)
    # catch       (expr)
    elsif (/\G ( (?: if | elsif | unless | while | until | given | when | (?: CORE:: )? catch ) \s* ) ( \( ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;

        # outputs expr
        my $expr = parse_expr_balanced($2);
        $parsed .= $expr;
    }

    # mb::catch (expr) --> catch (expr)
    elsif (/\G mb:: ( catch \s* ) ( \( ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;

        # outputs expr
        my $expr = parse_expr_balanced($2);
        $parsed .= $expr;
    }

    # else
    elsif (/\G ( else ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # ... if     expr;
    # ... unless expr;
    # ... while  expr;
    # ... until  expr;
    elsif (/\G ( if | unless | while | until ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # foreach my $var (expr) --> foreach my $var (expr)
    # for     my $var (expr) --> for     my $var (expr)
    elsif (/\G ( (?: foreach | for ) \s+ my \s* [\$] [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]* ) ( \( ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_expr_balanced($2);
    }

    # foreach $var (expr) --> foreach $var (expr)
    # for     $var (expr) --> for     $var (expr)
    elsif (/\G ( (?: foreach | for ) \s* [\$] [\$]* (?: \{[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*(?:(?:'|::)[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)*\} | [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*(?:(?:'|::)[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]* ) ) ) ( \( ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_expr_balanced($2);
    }

    # foreach (expr1; expr2; expr3) --> foreach (expr1; expr2; expr3)
    # foreach (expr)                --> foreach (expr)
    # for     (expr1; expr2; expr3) --> for     (expr1; expr2; expr3)
    # for     (expr)                --> for     (expr)
    elsif (/\G ( (?: foreach | for ) \s* ) ( \( ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_expr_balanced($2);
    }

    # CORE::split --> mb::_split
    # mb::split   --> mb::_split
    # split       --> mb::_split
    elsif (/\G (?: CORE:: | mb:: | $old_package )? ( split ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "mb::_split";

        # parse \s and '('
        while (1) {
            if (/\G ( \s+ ) /xmsgc) {
                $parsed .= $1;
            }
            elsif (/\G ( \( ) /xmsgc) {
                $parsed .= $1;
            }
            elsif (/\G ( \# .* \n ) /xmgc) {
                $parsed .= $1;
                last;
            }
            else {
                last;
            }
        }
        my $regexp = '';

        # split /^/   --> mb::_split qr/^/m
        # split /.../ --> mb::_split qr/.../
        if (m{\G ( [/] )  }xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= "qr";
            $regexp = parse_re_endswith('m',$1);                                                   # split /.../
            my($modifier_i, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr) = parse_re_modifier();

            # P.794 29.2.161. split
            # in Chapter 29: Functions
            # of ISBN 0-596-00027-8 Programming Perl Third Edition.

            # P.951 split
            # in Chapter 27: Functions
            # of ISBN 978-0-596-00492-7 Programming Perl 4th Edition.

            # said "The //m modifier is assumed when you split on the pattern /^/",
            # but perl5.008 is not so. Therefore, this software adds //m.
            # (and so on)

            if ($modifier_not_cegir !~ /m/xms) {
                $modifier_not_cegir .= 'm';
            }

            # /xx modifier
            if (($modifier_not_cegir =~ tr/x//) >= 2) {
                $regexp = mb::_ignore_space($regexp);
            }

            # /i modifier
            if ($modifier_i) {
                $parsed .= sprintf('{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr%s%s)]}}%s', $regexp, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr);
            }
            else {
                $parsed .= sprintf('{@{[' .            'qr%s%s ]}}%s', $regexp, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr);
            }
        }

        # split m/^/   --> mb::_split qr/^/m
        # split m/.../ --> mb::_split qr/.../
        elsif (/\G ( m | qr ) \b /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= "qr";

            if    (/\G ( [#] )        /xmsgc) { $regexp = parse_re_endswith('m',$1);      }        # split qr#...#
            elsif (/\G ( ['] )        /xmsgc) { $regexp = parse_re_as_q_endswith('m',$1); }        # split qr'...'
            elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] ) /xmsgc) { $regexp = parse_re_balanced('m',$1);      }        # split qr{...}
            elsif (m{\G( [/] )        }xmsgc) { $regexp = parse_re_endswith('m',$1);      }        # split qr/.../
            elsif (/\G ( [:\@] )      /xmsgc) { $regexp = ('`' . quotee_of(parse_re_endswith('m',$1)) . '`'); } # split qr@...@
            elsif (/\G ( [\S] )       /xmsgc) { $regexp = parse_re_endswith('m',$1);      }        # split qr?...?
            elsif (/\G ( \s+ )        /xmsgc) { $parsed .= $1; $regexp = $1;                       # split qr SPACE ...
                while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
                    $parsed .= $1;
                }
                if    (/\G ( [A-Za-z_0-9] ) /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('m',$1);      } # split qr SPACE A...A
                elsif (/\G ( ['] )          /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_as_q_endswith('m',$1); } # split qr SPACE '...'
                elsif (/\G ( [\(\{\[\<] )   /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_balanced('m',$1);      } # split qr SPACE {...}
                elsif (m{\G( [/] )          }xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('m',$1);      } # split qr SPACE /.../
                elsif (/\G ( [:\@] )        /xmsgc) { $regexp .= ('`' . quotee_of(parse_re_endswith('m',$1)) . '`'); } # split qr SPACE @...@
                elsif (/\G ( [\S] )         /xmsgc) { $regexp .= parse_re_endswith('m',$1);      } # split qr SPACE ?...?
                else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }
            }
            else { die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): $ARGV[0] has not closed:\n", $parsed; }

            my($modifier_i, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr) = parse_re_modifier();

            if ($modifier_not_cegir !~ /m/xms) {
                $modifier_not_cegir .= 'm';
            }

            # /xx modifier
            if (($modifier_not_cegir =~ tr/x//) >= 2) {
                $regexp = mb::_ignore_space($regexp);
            }

            # /i modifier
            if ($modifier_i) {
                $parsed .= sprintf('{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr%s%s)]}}%s', $regexp, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr);
            }
            else {
                $parsed .= sprintf('{@{[' .            'qr%s%s ]}}%s', $regexp, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr);
            }
        }

        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # provides bare Perl and JPerl compatible functions
    elsif (/\G ( (?: lc | lcfirst | uc | ucfirst ) ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "mb::$1";
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # CORE::require, mb::require, require
    elsif (/\G ( (?: CORE:: | mb:: )? require ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # mb::use --> BEGIN { mb::require ... }
    # mb::no  --> BEGIN { mb::require ... }
    elsif (/\G ( mb::use | mb::no ) \b /xmsgc) {
        my $method = { 'mb::use'=>'import', 'mb::no'=>'unimport' }->{$1} || die;
        $parsed .= "BEGIN { mb::require";
        while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
        }
        if (/\G ( [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]* (?: ::[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)* ) /xmsgc) {
            my $module = $1;
            $parsed .= qq{'$module';};
            while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
                $parsed .= $1;
            }
            if (/\G ( [0-9]+ (?: \.[0-9]+)* ) /xmsgc) {
                my $version = $1;
                $parsed .= qq{$module->VERSION($version);};
                while (/\G ( \s+ | [#] [^\n]* ) /xmsgc) {
                    $parsed .= $1;
                }
            }
            my $list = parse_expr_endswith(qr< [;\}] | \z >xms);
            if ($list eq '') {
                $parsed .= qq{ $module->$method; };
            }
            elsif (scalar(CORE::eval("()=$list")) == 0) {
            }
            else {
                $parsed .= qq{ $module->$method($list); };
            }
        }
        $parsed .= "}";
    }

    # mb::getc() --> mb::getc()
    #                       vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    #                           vvvvvvvvvvvv
    elsif (/\G ( mb::getc ) (?= (?: \s* \( )+ \s* \) ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # mb::getc($fh) --> mb::getc($fh)
    # mb::getc $fh  --> mb::getc $fh
    #                       vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    #                           vvvvvvvvvvvv
    elsif (/\G ( mb::getc ) (?= (?: \s* \( )* \s* \$ ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # mb::getc(FILE) --> mb::getc(\*FILE)
    # mb::getc FILE  --> mb::getc \*FILE
    #                          vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    #                            vvvvvvvvvvvv        vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    elsif (/\G ( mb::getc ) \b ( (?: \s* \( )* \s* ) (?= [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]* \b ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= $2;
        $parsed .= '\\*';
    }

    # mb::getc --> mb::getc
    elsif (/\G ( mb::getc ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # CORE::functions that allow zero parameters
    # mb::functions that allow zero parameters
    elsif (/\G ( (?: CORE:: | mb:: )? (?:
        chop    |
        chr     |
        getc    |
        lc      |
        lcfirst |
        length  |
        ord     |
        uc      |
        ucfirst
    ) ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # CORE::functions that must parameters
    # mb::functions that must parameters
    elsif (/\G ( (?: CORE:: | mb:: )? (?:
        index   |
        reverse |
        rindex  |
        substr
    ) ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # mb::subroutines
    elsif (/\G ( mb:: (?: index_byte | rindex_byte ) ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # CORE::functions that allow zero parameters
    # functions that allow zero parameters
    elsif (/\G ( (?: CORE:: )? (?:
        _         |
        abs       |
        chomp     |
        cos       |
        exp       |
        fc        |
        hex       |
        int       |
        __LINE__  |
        log       |
        oct       |
        pop       |
        pos       |
        quotemeta |
        rand      |
        rmdir     |
        shift     |
        sin       |
        sqrt      |
        tell      |
        time      |
        umask     |
        wantarray
    ) ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # lstat(), stat() on MSWin32

    # lstat() --> mb::_lstat()
    # stat()  --> mb::_stat()
    #                           vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    #                               vvvvvvvvvvvv
    elsif (/\G ( lstat | stat ) (?= (?: \s* \( )+ \s* \) ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "mb::_$1";
    }

    # lstat(...) --> mb::_lstat(...)
    # stat(...)  --> mb::_stat(...)
    #                           vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    #                               vvvvvvvvvvvv     vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    elsif (/\G ( lstat | stat ) (?= (?: \s* \( )* \b (?: ' | " | ` | m | q | qq | qr | qw | qx | s | tr | y | \$ ) \b ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "mb::_$1";
    }

    # lstat(FILE)  --> mb::_lstat(\*FILE)
    # lstat FILE   --> mb::_lstat \*FILE
    # stat(FILE)   --> mb::_stat(\*FILE)
    # stat FILE    --> mb::_stat \*FILE
    #                              vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    #                                vvvvvvvvvvvv        vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    elsif (/\G ( lstat | stat ) \b ( (?: \s* \( )* \s* ) (?= [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]* \b ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "mb::_$1";
        $parsed .= $2;
        $parsed .= '\\*';
    }

    # opendir(DIR, ...) --> mb::_opendir(\*DIR, ...)
    # opendir DIR, ...  --> mb::_opendir \*DIR, ...
    #                         vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    #                           vvvvvvvvvvvv        vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
    elsif (/\G ( opendir ) \b ( (?: \s* \( )* \s* ) (?= [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z0-9_]* \s* , ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "mb::_$1";
        $parsed .= $2;
        $parsed .= '\\*';
    }

    # function --> mb::subroutine on MSWin32
    # implements run on any systems by transpiling once
    elsif (/\G ( chdir | lstat | stat | unlink ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "mb::_$1";
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }
    elsif (/\G ( opendir ) \b /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "mb::_$1";
    }

    # Carp::carp    <<HEREDOC
    # Carp::cluck   <<HEREDOC
    # Carp::confess <<HEREDOC
    # Carp::croak   <<HEREDOC
    # carp          <<HEREDOC
    # cluck         <<HEREDOC
    # confess       <<HEREDOC
    # croak         <<HEREDOC
    # die           <<HEREDOC
    # print         <<HEREDOC
    # printf        <<HEREDOC
    # say           <<HEREDOC
    # warn          <<HEREDOC
    elsif (/\G (
        Carp::carp    |
        Carp::cluck   |
        Carp::confess |
        Carp::croak   |
        carp          |
        cluck         |
        confess       |
        croak         |
        die           |
        print         |
        printf        |
        say           |
        warn
    ) (?= (?: \s+ | [#] .* )* << ) /xgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        # without $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # printf FILEHANDLE <<HEREDOC
    # print  FILEHANDLE <<HEREDOC
    # say    FILEHANDLE <<HEREDOC
    elsif (/\G (
        (?: printf | print | say )
        (?: \s+ | [#] .* )*
        (?! [a-z]+ ) # lowercase is considered to be function
        (?: \b [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*(?: :: [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)* |
            \$ [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*(?: :: [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)*
        )
    ) /xgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        # without $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # printf {FILEHANDLE} <<HEREDOC
    # print  {FILEHANDLE} <<HEREDOC
    # say    {FILEHANDLE} <<HEREDOC
    elsif (/\G (
        (?: printf | print | say )
        (?: \s+ | [#] .* )*
        ) (\{)
    /xgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_expr_balanced($2);
        # without $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # return
    elsif (/\G ( return ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # any word
    # "\x5F" [_] LOW LINE (U+005F)
    # "\x41" [A] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A (U+0041)
    # "\x42" [B] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B (U+0042)
    # "\x43" [C] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C (U+0043)
    # "\x44" [D] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D (U+0044)
    # "\x45" [E] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E (U+0045)
    # "\x46" [F] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F (U+0046)
    # "\x47" [G] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G (U+0047)
    # "\x48" [H] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H (U+0048)
    # "\x49" [I] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I (U+0049)
    # "\x4A" [J] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J (U+004A)
    # "\x4B" [K] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K (U+004B)
    # "\x4C" [L] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L (U+004C)
    # "\x4D" [M] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M (U+004D)
    # "\x4E" [N] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N (U+004E)
    # "\x4F" [O] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O (U+004F)
    # "\x50" [P] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P (U+0050)
    # "\x51" [Q] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q (U+0051)
    # "\x52" [R] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R (U+0052)
    # "\x53" [S] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S (U+0053)
    # "\x54" [T] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T (U+0054)
    # "\x55" [U] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U (U+0055)
    # "\x56" [V] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V (U+0056)
    # "\x57" [W] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W (U+0057)
    # "\x58" [X] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X (U+0058)
    # "\x59" [Y] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y (U+0059)
    # "\x5A" [Z] LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z (U+005A)
    # "\x61" [a] LATIN SMALL LETTER A   (U+0061)
    # "\x62" [b] LATIN SMALL LETTER B   (U+0062)
    # "\x63" [c] LATIN SMALL LETTER C   (U+0063)
    # "\x64" [d] LATIN SMALL LETTER D   (U+0064)
    # "\x65" [e] LATIN SMALL LETTER E   (U+0065)
    # "\x66" [f] LATIN SMALL LETTER F   (U+0066)
    # "\x67" [g] LATIN SMALL LETTER G   (U+0067)
    # "\x68" [h] LATIN SMALL LETTER H   (U+0068)
    # "\x69" [i] LATIN SMALL LETTER I   (U+0069)
    # "\x6A" [j] LATIN SMALL LETTER J   (U+006A)
    # "\x6B" [k] LATIN SMALL LETTER K   (U+006B)
    # "\x6C" [l] LATIN SMALL LETTER L   (U+006C)
    # "\x6D" [m] LATIN SMALL LETTER M   (U+006D)
    # "\x6E" [n] LATIN SMALL LETTER N   (U+006E)
    # "\x6F" [o] LATIN SMALL LETTER O   (U+006F)
    # "\x70" [p] LATIN SMALL LETTER P   (U+0070)
    # "\x71" [q] LATIN SMALL LETTER Q   (U+0071)
    # "\x72" [r] LATIN SMALL LETTER R   (U+0072)
    # "\x73" [s] LATIN SMALL LETTER S   (U+0073)
    # "\x74" [t] LATIN SMALL LETTER T   (U+0074)
    # "\x75" [u] LATIN SMALL LETTER U   (U+0075)
    # "\x76" [v] LATIN SMALL LETTER V   (U+0076)
    # "\x77" [w] LATIN SMALL LETTER W   (U+0077)
    # "\x78" [x] LATIN SMALL LETTER X   (U+0078)
    # "\x79" [y] LATIN SMALL LETTER Y   (U+0079)
    # "\x7A" [z] LATIN SMALL LETTER Z   (U+007A)
    elsif (/\G ( [A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*(?:(?:'|::)[A-Za-z_][A-Za-z_0-9]*)* ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # any right parenthesis
    # "\x29" [)] RIGHT PARENTHESIS    (U+0029)
    # "\x7D" [}] RIGHT CURLY BRACKET  (U+007D)
    # "\x5D" []] RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET (U+005D)
    elsif (/\G ([\)\}\]]) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
    }

    # any US-ASCII
    # "\x3A" [:] COLON (U+003A)
    elsif (/\G ([\x00-\x7F]) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # otherwise
    elsif (/\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
        die "$0(@{[__LINE__]}): can't parse not US-ASCII '$1'.\n";
    }

    return $parsed;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse expression in balanced blackets
sub parse_expr_balanced {
    my($open_bracket) = @_;
    my $close_bracket = {qw| ( ) { } [ ] < > |}->{$open_bracket} || die;
    my $parsed = $open_bracket;
    my $nest_bracket = 1;
    while (1) {

        # open bracket
        if (/\G (\Q$open_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
            $nest_bracket++;
        }

        # close bracket
        elsif (/\G (\Q$close_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
            $parsed .= parse_ambiguous_char();
            if (--$nest_bracket <= 0) {
                last;
            }
        }

        # otherwise
        else {
            $parsed .= parse_expr();
        }
    }
    return $parsed;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse expression that ends with a regexp
sub parse_expr_endswith {
    my($endswith) = @_;
    my $parsed = '';
    while (1) {
        if (/\G (?= $endswith ) /xmsgc) {
            last;
        }
        else {
            $parsed .= parse_expr();
        }
    }
    return $parsed;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse <<'HERE_DOCUMENT' as q-like
sub parse_heredocument_as_q_endswith {
    my($endswith) = @_;
    my $parsed = '';
    while (1) {
        if (/\G ( $R $endswith ) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
            last;
        }
        elsif (/\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
        }

        # something wrong happened
        else {
            die sprintf(<<END, pos($_), CORE::substr($_,pos($_)));
$0(@{[__LINE__]}): something wrong happened in script at pos=%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
END
        }
    }
    return $parsed;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse <<"HERE_DOCUMENT" as qq-like
sub parse_heredocument_as_qq_endswith {
    my($endswith) = @_;
    my $parsed = '';
    my $nest_escape = 0;
    while (1) {
        if (/\G ( $R $endswith ) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= ('>)]}' x $nest_escape);
            $parsed .= $1;
            last;
        }

        # \L\u --> \u\L
        elsif (/\G \\L \\u /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::ucfirst(qq<';
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::lc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \U\l --> \l\U
        elsif (/\G \\U \\l /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::lcfirst(qq<';
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::uc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \L
        elsif (/\G \\L /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::lc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \U
        elsif (/\G \\U /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::uc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \l
        elsif (/\G \\l /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::lcfirst(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \u
        elsif (/\G \\u /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::ucfirst(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \Q
        elsif (/\G \\Q /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[quotemeta(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \E
        elsif (/\G \\E /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= ('>)]}' x $nest_escape);
            $nest_escape = 0;
        }

        # \o{...}
        elsif (/\G \\o\{ (.*?) \} /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= escape_to_hex(mb::chr(oct $1), '\\');
        }

        # \x{...}
        elsif (/\G \\x\{ (.*?) \} /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= escape_to_hex(mb::chr(hex $1), '\\');
        }

        # \any
        elsif (/\G (\\) ($x) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= ($1 . escape_qq($2, '\\'));
        }

        # $`           --> @{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}
        # ${`}         --> @{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}
        # $PREMATCH    --> @{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}
        # ${PREMATCH}  --> @{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}
        # ${^PREMATCH} --> @{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}
        elsif (/\G (?: \$` | \$\{`\} | \$PREMATCH | \$\{PREMATCH\} | \$\{\^PREMATCH\} ) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}';
        }

        # $&        --> @{[mb::_MATCH()]}
        # ${&}      --> @{[mb::_MATCH()]}
        # $MATCH    --> @{[mb::_MATCH()]}
        # ${MATCH}  --> @{[mb::_MATCH()]}
        # ${^MATCH} --> @{[mb::_MATCH()]}
        elsif (/\G (?: \$& | \$\{&\} | \$MATCH | \$\{MATCH\} | \$\{\^MATCH\} ) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::_MATCH()]}';
        }

        # $1 --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE(1)]}
        # $2 --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE(2)]}
        # $3 --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE(3)]}
        elsif (/\G \$ ([1-9][0-9]*) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= "\@{[mb::_CAPTURE($1)]}";
        }

        # @{^CAPTURE} --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE()]}
        elsif (/\G \@\{\^CAPTURE\} /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::_CAPTURE()]}';
        }

        # ${^CAPTURE}[0] --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE(1)]}
        # ${^CAPTURE}[1] --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE(2)]}
        # ${^CAPTURE}[2] --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE(3)]}
        elsif (/\G \$\{\^CAPTURE\} \s* (\[) /xmsgc) {
            my $n_th = quotee_of(parse_expr_balanced($1));
            $parsed .= "\@{[mb::_CAPTURE($n_th+1)]}";
        }

        # @-                   --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}
        # @LAST_MATCH_START    --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}
        # @{LAST_MATCH_START}  --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}
        # @{^LAST_MATCH_START} --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}
        elsif (/\G (?: \@- | \@LAST_MATCH_START | \@\{LAST_MATCH_START\} | \@\{\^LAST_MATCH_START\} ) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}';
        }

        # $-[1]                   --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}
        # $LAST_MATCH_START[1]    --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}
        # ${LAST_MATCH_START}[1]  --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}
        # ${^LAST_MATCH_START}[1] --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}
        elsif (/\G (?: \$- | \$LAST_MATCH_START | \$\{LAST_MATCH_START\} | \$\{\^LAST_MATCH_START\} ) \s* (\[) /xmsgc) {
            my $n_th = quotee_of(parse_expr_balanced($1));
            $parsed .= "\@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START($n_th)]}";
        }

        # @+                 --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}
        # @LAST_MATCH_END    --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}
        # @{LAST_MATCH_END}  --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}
        # @{^LAST_MATCH_END} --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}
        elsif (/\G (?: \@\+ | \@LAST_MATCH_END | \@\{LAST_MATCH_END\} | \@\{\^LAST_MATCH_END\} ) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}';
        }

        # $+[1]                 --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}
        # $LAST_MATCH_END[1]    --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}
        # ${LAST_MATCH_END}[1]  --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}
        # ${^LAST_MATCH_END}[1] --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}
        elsif (/\G (?: \$\+ | \$LAST_MATCH_END | \$\{LAST_MATCH_END\} | \$\{\^LAST_MATCH_END\} ) \s* (\[) /xmsgc) {
            my $n_th = quotee_of(parse_expr_balanced($1));
            $parsed .= "\@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END($n_th)]}";
        }

        # any
        elsif (/\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= escape_qq($1, '\\');
        }

        # something wrong happened
        else {
            die sprintf(<<END, pos($_), CORE::substr($_,pos($_)));
$0(@{[__LINE__]}): something wrong happened in script at pos=%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
END
        }
    }
    return $parsed;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse q{string} in balanced blackets
sub parse_q__like_balanced {
    my($open_bracket) = @_;
    my $close_bracket = {qw| ( ) { } [ ] < > |}->{$open_bracket} || die;
    my $parsed = $open_bracket;
    my $nest_bracket = 1;
    while (1) {
        if (/\G (\Q$open_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
            $nest_bracket++;
        }
        elsif (/\G (\Q$close_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
            if (--$nest_bracket <= 0) {
                last;
            }
        }
        elsif (/\G (\\ \Q$close_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
        }
        else {
            $parsed .= parse_q__like($close_bracket);
        }
    }
    return $parsed;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse q/string/ that ends with a character
sub parse_q__like_endswith {
    my($endswith) = @_;
    my $parsed = $endswith;
    while (1) {
        if (/\G (\Q$endswith\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
            last;
        }
        elsif (/\G (\\ \Q$endswith\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
        }
        else {
            $parsed .= parse_q__like($endswith);
        }
    }
    return $parsed;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse q/string/ common routine
sub parse_q__like {
    my($closewith) = @_;
    if (/\G (\\\\) /xmsgc) {
        return $1;
    }
    elsif (/\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
        return escape_q($1, $closewith);
    }

    # something wrong happened
    else {
        die sprintf(<<END, pos($_), CORE::substr($_,pos($_)));
$0(@{[__LINE__]}): something wrong happened in script at pos=%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
END
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse qq{string} in balanced blackets
sub parse_qq_like_balanced {
    my($open_bracket) = @_;
    my $close_bracket = {qw| ( ) { } [ ] < > |}->{$open_bracket} || die;
    my $parsed_as_q  = $open_bracket;
    my $parsed_as_qq = $open_bracket;
    my $nest_bracket = 1;
    my $nest_escape = 0;
    while (1) {

        # blackets
        if (/\G (\\ \Q$open_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= $1;
        }
        elsif (/\G (\\ \Q$close_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= $1;
        }
        elsif (/\G (\Q$open_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= $1;
            $nest_bracket++;
        }
        elsif (/\G (\Q$close_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            if (--$nest_bracket <= 0) {
                $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
                $parsed_as_qq .= ('>)]}' x $nest_escape);
                $parsed_as_qq .= $1;
                last;
            }
            else {
                $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
                $parsed_as_qq .= $1;
            }
        }

        # \L\u --> \u\L
        elsif (/\G (\\L \\u) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::ucfirst(qq<';
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::lc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \U\l --> \l\U
        elsif (/\G (\\U \\l) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::lcfirst(qq<';
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::uc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \L
        elsif (/\G (\\L) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::lc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \U
        elsif (/\G (\\U) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::uc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \l
        elsif (/\G (\\l) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::lcfirst(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \u
        elsif (/\G (\\u) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::ucfirst(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \Q
        elsif (/\G (\\Q) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[quotemeta(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \E
        elsif (/\G (\\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= ('>)]}' x $nest_escape);
            $nest_escape = 0;
        }

        else {
            my($as_qq, $as_q) = parse_qq_like($close_bracket);
            $parsed_as_q  .= $as_q;
            $parsed_as_qq .= $as_qq;
        }
    }

    # return qq-like and q-like quotee
    if (wantarray) {
        return ($parsed_as_qq, $parsed_as_q);
    }
    else {
        return $parsed_as_qq;
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse qq/string/ that ends with a character
sub parse_qq_like_endswith {
    my($endswith) = @_;
    my $parsed_as_q  = $endswith;
    my $parsed_as_qq = $endswith;
    my $nest_escape = 0;
    while (1) {

        # ends with
        if (/\G (\\ \Q$endswith\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= $1;
        }
        elsif (/\G (\Q$endswith\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= ('>)]}' x $nest_escape);
            $parsed_as_qq .= "\n" if CORE::length($1) >= 2; # here document
            $parsed_as_qq .= $1;
            last;
        }

        # \L\u --> \u\L
        elsif (/\G (\\L \\u) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::ucfirst(qq<';
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::lc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \U\l --> \l\U
        elsif (/\G (\\U \\l) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::lcfirst(qq<';
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::uc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \L
        elsif (/\G (\\L) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::lc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \U
        elsif (/\G (\\U) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::uc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \l
        elsif (/\G (\\l) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::lcfirst(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \u
        elsif (/\G (\\u) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::ucfirst(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \Q
        elsif (/\G (\\Q) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[quotemeta(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \E
        elsif (/\G (\\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
            $parsed_as_qq .= ('>)]}' x $nest_escape);
            $nest_escape = 0;
        }

        else {
            my($as_qq, $as_q) = parse_qq_like($endswith);
            $parsed_as_q  .= $as_q;
            $parsed_as_qq .= $as_qq;
        }
    }

    # return qq-like and q-like quotee
    if (wantarray) {
        return ($parsed_as_qq, $parsed_as_q);
    }
    else {
        return $parsed_as_qq;
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse qq/string/ common routine
sub parse_qq_like {
    my($closewith) = @_;
    my $parsed_as_q  = '';
    my $parsed_as_qq = '';

    # \o{...}
    if (/\G ( \\o\{ (.*?) \} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
        $parsed_as_qq .= escape_to_hex(mb::chr(oct $2), $closewith);
    }

    # \x{...}
    elsif (/\G ( \\x\{ (.*?) \} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
        $parsed_as_qq .= escape_to_hex(mb::chr(hex $2), $closewith);
    }

    # \any
    elsif (/\G ( (\\) ($x) ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
        $parsed_as_qq .= ($2 . escape_qq($3, $closewith));
    }

    # $`           --> @{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}
    # ${`}         --> @{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}
    # $PREMATCH    --> @{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}
    # ${PREMATCH}  --> @{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}
    # ${^PREMATCH} --> @{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}
    elsif (/\G ( \$` | \$\{`\} | \$PREMATCH | \$\{PREMATCH\} | \$\{\^PREMATCH\} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
        $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}';
    }

    # $&        --> @{[mb::_MATCH()]}
    # ${&}      --> @{[mb::_MATCH()]}
    # $MATCH    --> @{[mb::_MATCH()]}
    # ${MATCH}  --> @{[mb::_MATCH()]}
    # ${^MATCH} --> @{[mb::_MATCH()]}
    elsif (/\G ( \$& | \$\{&\} | \$MATCH | \$\{MATCH\} | \$\{\^MATCH\} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
        $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::_MATCH()]}';
    }

    # $1 --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE(1)]}
    # $2 --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE(2)]}
    # $3 --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE(3)]}
    elsif (/\G ( \$ ([1-9][0-9]*) ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
        $parsed_as_qq .= "\@{[mb::_CAPTURE($2)]}";
    }

    # @{^CAPTURE} --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE()]}
    elsif (/\G ( \@\{\^CAPTURE\} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
        $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::_CAPTURE()]}';
    }

    # ${^CAPTURE}[0] --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE(1)]}
    # ${^CAPTURE}[1] --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE(2)]}
    # ${^CAPTURE}[2] --> @{[mb::_CAPTURE(3)]}
    elsif (/\G (\$\{\^CAPTURE\}) \s* (\[) /xmsgc) {
        my $indexing = parse_expr_balanced($2);
        $parsed_as_q  .= ($1 . $indexing);
        my $n_th = quotee_of($indexing);
        $parsed_as_qq .= "\@{[mb::_CAPTURE($n_th)]}";
    }

    # @-                   --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}
    # @LAST_MATCH_START    --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}
    # @{LAST_MATCH_START}  --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}
    # @{^LAST_MATCH_START} --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}
    elsif (/\G (?: \@- | \@LAST_MATCH_START | \@\{LAST_MATCH_START\} | \@\{\^LAST_MATCH_START\} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed_as_q  .= $&;
        $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}';
    }

    # $-[1]                   --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}
    # $LAST_MATCH_START[1]    --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}
    # ${LAST_MATCH_START}[1]  --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}
    # ${^LAST_MATCH_START}[1] --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}
    elsif (/\G ( \$- | \$LAST_MATCH_START | \$\{LAST_MATCH_START\} | \$\{\^LAST_MATCH_START\} ) \s* (\[) /xmsgc) {
        my $indexing = parse_expr_balanced($2);
        $parsed_as_q  .= ($1 . $indexing);
        my $n_th = quotee_of($indexing);
        $parsed_as_qq .= "\@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START($n_th)]}";
    }

    # @+                 --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}
    # @LAST_MATCH_END    --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}
    # @{LAST_MATCH_END}  --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}
    # @{^LAST_MATCH_END} --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}
    elsif (/\G ( \@\+ | \@LAST_MATCH_END | \@\{LAST_MATCH_END\} | \@\{\^LAST_MATCH_END\} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed_as_q  .= $1;
        $parsed_as_qq .= '@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}';
    }

    # $+[1]                 --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}
    # $LAST_MATCH_END[1]    --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}
    # ${LAST_MATCH_END}[1]  --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}
    # ${^LAST_MATCH_END}[1] --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}
    elsif (/\G ( \$\+ | \$LAST_MATCH_END | \$\{LAST_MATCH_END\} | \$\{\^LAST_MATCH_END\} ) \s* (\[) /xmsgc) {
        my $indexing = parse_expr_balanced($2);
        $parsed_as_q  .= ($1 . $indexing);
        my $n_th = quotee_of($indexing);
        $parsed_as_qq .= "\@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END($n_th)]}";
    }

    # any
    elsif (/\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed_as_q  .= escape_q ($1, $closewith);
        $parsed_as_qq .= escape_qq($1, $closewith);
    }

    # something wrong happened
    else {
        die sprintf(<<END, pos($_), CORE::substr($_,pos($_)));
$0(@{[__LINE__]}): something wrong happened in script at pos=%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
END
    }

    # return qq-like and q-like quotee
    if (wantarray) {
        return ($parsed_as_qq, $parsed_as_q);
    }
    else {
        return $parsed_as_qq;
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# tr/A-C/1-3/ for US-ASCII codepoint
sub list_all_ASCII_by_hyphen {
    my @hyphened = @_;
    my @list_all = ();
    for (my $i=0; $i <= $#hyphened; ) {
        if (
            ($i+1 < $#hyphened)      and
            ($hyphened[$i+1] eq '-') and
        1) {
            $hyphened[$i+0] = ($hyphened[$i+0] eq '\\-') ? '-' : $hyphened[$i+0];
            $hyphened[$i+2] = ($hyphened[$i+2] eq '\\-') ? '-' : $hyphened[$i+2];
            if (0) { }
            elsif ($hyphened[$i+0] !~ m/\A [\x00-\x7F] \z/xms) {
                confess sprintf(qq{@{[__FILE__]}: "$hyphened[$i+0]-$hyphened[$i+2]" in tr/// is not US-ASCII});
            }
            elsif ($hyphened[$i+2] !~ m/\A [\x00-\x7F] \z/xms) {
                confess sprintf(qq{@{[__FILE__]}: "$hyphened[$i+0]-$hyphened[$i+2]" in tr/// is not US-ASCII});
            }
            elsif ($hyphened[$i+0] gt $hyphened[$i+2]) {
                confess sprintf(qq{@{[__FILE__]}: "$hyphened[$i+0]-$hyphened[$i+2]" in tr/// is not "$hyphened[$i+0]" le "$hyphened[$i+2]"});
            }
            else {
                push @list_all, map { CORE::chr($_) } (CORE::ord($hyphened[$i+0]) .. CORE::ord($hyphened[$i+2]));
                $i += 3;
            }
        }
        else {
            if ($hyphened[$i] eq '\\-') {
                push @list_all, '-';
            }
            else {
                push @list_all, $hyphened[$i];
            }
            $i++;
        }
    }
    return @list_all;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse tr{here}{here} in balanced blackets
sub parse_tr_like_balanced {
    my($open_bracket) = @_;
    my $close_bracket = {qw| ( ) { } [ ] < > |}->{$open_bracket} || die;
    my @x = ();
    my $nest_bracket = 1;
    while (1) {

        # blackets
        if (/\G (\\ \Q$open_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            push @x, $1;
        }
        elsif (/\G (\\ \Q$close_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            push @x, $1;
        }
        elsif (/\G (\Q$open_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            push @x, $1;
            $nest_bracket++;
        }
        elsif (/\G (\Q$close_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            if (--$nest_bracket <= 0) {
                last;
            }
            push @x, $1;
        }

        # \-
        elsif (/\G (\\ -) /xmsgc) {
            push @x, $1;
        }

        else {
            push @x, parse_tr_like($close_bracket);
        }
    }
    return join('', $open_bracket, @x, $close_bracket);
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse tr/here/here/ that ends with a character
sub parse_tr_like_endswith {
    my($endswith) = @_;
    my $openwith = $endswith;
    my @x = ();
    while (1) {
        if (/\G (\\ \Q$endswith\E) /xmsgc) {
            push @x, $1;
        }
        elsif (/\G (\Q$endswith\E) /xmsgc) {
            last;
        }

        # \-
        elsif (/\G (\\ -) /xmsgc) {
            push @x, $1;
        }

        else {
            push @x, parse_tr_like($endswith);
        }
    }
    return join('', $openwith, @x, $endswith);
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse tr/here/here/ common routine
sub parse_tr_like {
    my($closewith) = @_;

    if (0) {
    }

    # https://perldoc.perl.org/perlop#Interpolation
    # tr///, y///
    # No variable interpolation occurs.
    # String modifying combinations for case and quoting such as \Q, \U, and \E are not recognized.
    # The other escape sequences such as \200 and \t and backslashed characters such as \\ and \- are converted to appropriate literals.
    # The character "-" is treated specially and therefore \- is treated as a literal "-".

    # \ddd
    elsif (/\G \\ ( [0-3][0-7][0-7] | [0-7][0-7] | [0-7] ) /xmsgc) {
        return escape_tr(mb::chr(oct $1), $closewith);
    }

    # \oddd
    elsif (/\G \\o ( [0-3][0-7][0-7] | [0-7][0-7] | [0-7] ) /xmsgc) {
        return escape_tr(mb::chr(oct $1), $closewith);
    }

    # \o{...}
    elsif (/\G \\o\{ (.*?) \} /xmsgc) {
        return escape_tr(mb::chr(oct $1), $closewith);
    }

    # \xhh
    elsif (/\G \\x ( [0-9A-Fa-f][0-9A-Fa-f] | [0-9A-Fa-f] ) /xmsgc) {
        return escape_tr(mb::chr(hex $1), $closewith);
    }

    # \x{...}
    elsif (/\G \\x\{ (.*?) \} /xmsgc) {
        return escape_tr(mb::chr(hex $1), $closewith);
    }

    # \cX
    elsif (/\G ( \\c [\@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\[\\\]^_?] ) /xmsgc) {
        return {
            '\\c@'  => "\c@",
            '\\cA'  => "\cA",
            '\\cB'  => "\cB",
            '\\cC'  => "\cC",
            '\\cD'  => "\cD",
            '\\cE'  => "\cE",
            '\\cF'  => "\cF",
            '\\cG'  => "\cG",
            '\\cH'  => "\cH",
            '\\cI'  => "\cI",
            '\\cJ'  => "\cJ",
            '\\cK'  => "\cK",
            '\\cL'  => "\cL",
            '\\cM'  => "\cM",
            '\\cN'  => "\cN",
            '\\cO'  => "\cO",
            '\\cP'  => "\cP",
            '\\cQ'  => "\cQ",
            '\\cR'  => "\cR",
            '\\cS'  => "\cS",
            '\\cT'  => "\cT",
            '\\cU'  => "\cU",
            '\\cV'  => "\cV",
            '\\cW'  => "\cW",
            '\\cX'  => "\cX",
            '\\cY'  => "\cY",
            '\\cZ'  => "\cZ",
            '\\c['  => "\c[",
            '\\c\\' => CORE::chr(0x1C),
            '\\c]'  => "\c]",
            '\\c^'  => "\c^",
            '\\c_'  => "\c_",
            '\\c?'  => CORE::chr(0x7F),
        }->{$1} || die;
    }

    # \\ \a \b \e \f \n \r \t \E \l \L \u \U \Q
    elsif (/\G ( \\ ([\\abefnrtElLuUQ]) ) /xmsgc) {
        return {
            "\x5C\x5C" => "\x5C\x5C",
            '\a'       => "\a",
            '\b'       => "\b",
            '\e'       => "\e",
            '\f'       => "\f",
            '\n'       => "\n",
            '\r'       => "\r",
            '\t'       => "\t",
        }->{$1} || $2;
    }

    # any
    elsif (/\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
        return escape_tr($1, $closewith);
    }

    # something wrong happened
    else {
        die sprintf(<<END, pos($_), CORE::substr($_,pos($_)));
$0(@{[__LINE__]}): something wrong happened in script at pos=%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
END
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# qr/ [A-Z] / for Shift_JIS-like encoding
sub list_all_by_hyphen_sjis_like {
    my($a, $b) = @_;
    my @a = (undef, unpack 'C*', $a);
    my @b = (undef, unpack 'C*', $b);

    if (0) { }
    elsif (CORE::length($a) == 1) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 1) {
            return (
(($a[1] <= 0x80) and (0xA0 <= $b[1])) ?
                sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x80\xA0-\x%02x] )), $a[1],
                                                                  $b[1]) :
$a[1]<=$b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x%02x]          )), $a[1],
                                                                  $b[1]) : (),
            );
        }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 2) {
            return (
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x           [\x00-\x%02x] )), $b[1], $b[2]),
0x81 <  $b[1] ? sprintf(join('', qw( [\x81-\x%02x]          [\x00-\xFF  ] )), $b[1]-1     ) : (),
$a[1] <= 0x80 ? sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x80\xA0-\xDF]               )), $a[1]) :
$a[1] <  0xA0 ? ()                                                                   :
$a[1] <= 0xDF ? sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\xDF]                        )), $a[1]) : (),
            );
        }
    }
    elsif (CORE::length($a) == 2) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 2) {
            my $lower_limit = join('|',
$a[1] < 0xFC ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\xFC] [\x00-\xFF  ] )), $a[1]+1     ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xFF] )), $a[1], $a[2]),
            );
            my $upper_limit = join('|',
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x00-\x%02x] )), $b[1], $b[2]),
0x81 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x81-\x%02x] [\x00-\xFF  ] )), $b[1]-1     ) : (),
            );
            return qq{(?=$lower_limit)(?=$upper_limit)};
        }
    }

    # over range of codepoint
    confess sprintf(qq{@{[__FILE__]}: codepoint class [$_[0]-$_[1]] is not 1 to 4 octets (%d-%d)}, CORE::length($a), CORE::length($b));
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# qr/ [A-Z] / for EUC-JP-like encoding
sub list_all_by_hyphen_eucjp_like {
    my($a, $b) = @_;
    my @a = (undef, unpack 'C*', $a);
    my @b = (undef, unpack 'C*', $b);

    if (0) { }
    elsif (CORE::length($a) == 1) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 1) {
            return (
$a[1]<=$b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x%02x]             )), $a[1],
                                                                     $b[1]) : (),
            );
        }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 2) {
            return (
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x00-\x%02x] )), $b[1], $b[2]),
0xA1 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\xA1-\x%02x] [\x00-\xFF  ] )), $b[1]-1     ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x7F]               )), $a[1]       ),
            );
        }
    }
    elsif (CORE::length($a) == 2) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 2) {
            my $lower_limit = join('|',
$a[1] < 0xFE ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\xFE] [\x00-\xFF  ] )), $a[1]+1     ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xFF] )), $a[1], $a[2]),
            );
            my $upper_limit = join('|',
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x00-\x%02x] )), $b[1], $b[2]),
0xA1 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\xA1-\x%02x] [\x00-\xFF  ] )), $b[1]-1     ) : (),
            );
            return qq{(?=$lower_limit)(?=$upper_limit)};
        }
    }

    # over range of codepoint
    confess sprintf(qq{@{[__FILE__]}: codepoint class [$_[0]-$_[1]] is not 1 to 4 octets (%d-%d)}, CORE::length($a), CORE::length($b));
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# qr/ [A-Z] / for Big5-like encoding
sub list_all_by_hyphen_big5_like {
    my($a, $b) = @_;
    my @a = (undef, unpack 'C*', $a);
    my @b = (undef, unpack 'C*', $b);

    if (0) { }
    elsif (CORE::length($a) == 1) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 1) {
            return (
$a[1]<=$b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x%02x]             )), $a[1],
                                                                     $b[1]) : (),
            );
        }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 2) {
            return (
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x00-\x%02x] )), $b[1], $b[2]),
0x81 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x81-\x%02x] [\x00-\xFF  ] )), $b[1]-1     ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x7F]               )), $a[1]       ),
            );
        }
    }
    elsif (CORE::length($a) == 2) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 2) {
            my $lower_limit = join('|',
$a[1] < 0xFE ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\xFE] [\x00-\xFF  ] )), $a[1]+1     ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xFF] )), $a[1], $a[2]),
            );
            my $upper_limit = join('|',
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x00-\x%02x] )), $b[1], $b[2]),
0x81 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x81-\x%02x] [\x00-\xFF  ] )), $b[1]-1     ) : (),
            );
            return qq{(?=$lower_limit)(?=$upper_limit)};
        }
    }

    # over range of codepoint
    confess sprintf(qq{@{[__FILE__]}: codepoint class [$_[0]-$_[1]] is not 1 to 4 octets (%d-%d)}, CORE::length($a), CORE::length($b));
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# qr/ [A-Z] / for GB18030-like encoding
sub list_all_by_hyphen_gb18030_like {
    my($a, $b) = @_;
    my @a = (undef, unpack 'C*', $a);
    my @b = (undef, unpack 'C*', $b);

    if (0) { }
    elsif (CORE::length($a) == 1) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 1) {
            return (
$a[1]<=$b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x%02x]                                         )), $a[1],
                                                                                                 $b[1]) : (),
            );
        }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 2) {
            return (
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x00-\x2F\x3A-\x%02x]                    )), $b[1], $b[2]),
0x81 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x81-\x%02x] [^\x30-\x39 ]                             )), $b[1]-1     ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x7F]                                           )), $a[1]       ),
            );
        }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 4) {
            return (
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x30-\x%02x] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3], $b[4]),
0x81 < $b[3] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x81-\x%02x] [\x30-\x39  ] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3]-1     ) : (),
0x30 < $b[2] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x30-\x%02x] [\x81-\xFE  ] [\x30-\x39  ] )), $b[1], $b[2]-1            ) : (),
0x81 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x81-\x%02x] [\x30-\x39  ] [\x81-\xFE  ] [\x30-\x39  ] )), $b[1]-1                   ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw( [\x81-\xFE  ] [^\x30-\x39 ]                             )),                           ),
                sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x7F]                                           )), $a[1]                     ),
            );
        }
    }
    elsif (CORE::length($a) == 2) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 2) {
            my $lower_limit = join('|',
$a[1] < 0xFE ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\xFE] [^\x30-\x39 ]                             )), $a[1]+1     ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xFF]                             )), $a[1], $a[2]),
            );
            my $upper_limit = join('|',
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x00-\x%02x]                             )), $b[1], $b[2]),
0x81 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x81-\x%02x] [^\x30-\x39 ]                             )), $b[1]-1     ) : (),
            );
            return qq{(?=$lower_limit)(?=$upper_limit)};
        }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 4) {
            return (
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x30-\x%02x] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3], $b[4]),
0x81  < $b[3] ? sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x81-\x%02x] [\x30-\x39  ] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3]-1     ) : (),
0x30  < $b[2] ? sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x30-\x%02x] [\x81-\xFE  ] [\x30-\x39  ] )), $b[1], $b[2]-1            ) : (),
0x81  < $b[1] ? sprintf(join('', qw( [\x81-\x%02x] [\x30-\x39  ] [\x81-\xFE  ] [\x30-\x39  ] )), $b[1]-1                   ) : (),
$a[1] < 0xFE  ? sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\xFE] [^\x30-\x39 ]                             )), $a[1]+1                   ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xFF]                             )), $a[1], $a[2]              ),
            );
        }
    }
    elsif (CORE::length($a) == 4) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 4) {
            my $lower_limit = join('|',
$a[1] < 0xFE ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\xFE] [\x30-\x39  ] [\x81-\xFE  ] [\x30-\x39  ] )), $a[1]+1                   ) : (),
$a[2] < 0x39 ?  sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x       [\x%02x-\x39] [\x81-\xFE  ] [\x30-\x39  ] )), $a[1], $a[2]+1            ) : (),
$a[3] < 0xFE ?  sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x        \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xFE] [\x30-\x39  ] )), $a[1], $a[2], $a[3]+1     ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x        \x%02x        \x%02x       [\x%02x-\x39] )), $a[1], $a[2], $a[3], $a[4]),
            );
            my $upper_limit = join('|',
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x30-\x%02x] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3], $b[4]),
0x81 < $b[3] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x81-\x%02x] [\x30-\x39  ] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3]-1     ) : (),
0x30 < $b[2] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x30-\x%02x] [\x81-\xFE  ] [\x30-\x39  ] )), $b[1], $b[2]-1            ) : (),
0x81 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x81-\x%02x] [\x30-\x39  ] [\x81-\xFE  ] [\x30-\x39  ] )), $b[1]-1                   ) : (),
            );
            return qq{(?=$lower_limit)(?=$upper_limit)};
        }
    }

    # over range of codepoint
    confess sprintf(qq{@{[__FILE__]}: codepoint class [$_[0]-$_[1]] is not 1 to 4 octets (%d-%d)}, CORE::length($a), CORE::length($b));
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# qr/ [A-Z] / for UTF-8-like encoding
sub list_all_by_hyphen_utf8_like {
    my($a, $b) = @_;
    my @a = (undef, unpack 'C*', $a);
    my @b = (undef, unpack 'C*', $b);

    if (0) { }
    elsif (CORE::length($a) == 1) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 1) {
            return (
$a[1]<=$b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x%02x]                                         )), $a[1],
                                                                                                 $b[1]) : (),
            );
        }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 2) {
            return (
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x]                             )), $b[1], $b[2]),
0xC2 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\xC2-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ]                             )), $b[1]-1     ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x7F]                                           )), $a[1]       ),
            );
        }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 3) {
            return (
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x]               )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3]),
0x80 < $b[2] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ]               )), $b[1], $b[2]-1     ) : (),
0xE0 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\xE0-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ]               )), $b[1]-1            ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw( [\xC2-\xDF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ]                             )),                    ),
                sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x7F]                                           )), $a[1]              ),
            );
        }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 4) {
            return (
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3], $b[4]),
0x80 < $b[3] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3]-1     ) : (),
0x80 < $b[2] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $b[1], $b[2]-1            ) : (),
0xF0 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\xF0-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $b[1]-1                   ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw( [\xE0-\xEF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ]               )),                           ),
                sprintf(join('', qw( [\xC2-\xDF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ]                             )),                           ),
                sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\x7F]                                           )), $a[1]                     ),
            );
        }
    }
    elsif (CORE::length($a) == 2) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 2) {
            my $lower_limit = join('|',
$a[1] < 0xDF ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\xDF] [\x80-\xBF  ]                             )), $a[1]+1     ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xBF]                             )), $a[1], $a[2]),
            );
            my $upper_limit = join('|',
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x]                             )), $b[1], $b[2]),
0xC2 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\xC2-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ]                             )), $b[1]-1     ) : (),
            );
            return qq{(?=$lower_limit)(?=$upper_limit)};
        }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 3) {
            return (
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x]               )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3] ),
0x80 < $b[2] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ]               )), $b[1], $b[2]-1      ) : (),
0xE0 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\xE0-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ]               )), $b[1]-1             ) : (),
$a[1] < 0xDF ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\xDF] [\x80-\xBF  ]                             )), $a[1]+1             ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xBF]                             )), $a[1], $a[2]        ),
            );
        }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 4) {
            return (
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3], $b[4]),
0x80 < $b[3] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3]-1     ) : (),
0x80 < $b[2] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $b[1], $b[2]-1            ) : (),
0xF0 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\xF0-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $b[1]-1                   ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw( [\xE0-\xEF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ]               )),                           ),
$a[1] < 0xDF ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\xDF] [\x80-\xBF  ]                             )), $a[1]+1                   ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xBF]                             )), $a[1], $a[2]              ),
            );
        }
    }
    elsif (CORE::length($a) == 3) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 3) {
            my $lower_limit = join('|',
$a[1] < 0xEF ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\xEF] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ]               )), $a[1]+1            ) : (),
$a[2] < 0xBF ?  sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xBF] [\x80-\xBF  ]               )), $a[1], $a[2]+1     ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x        \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xBF]               )), $a[1], $a[2], $a[3]),
            );
            my $upper_limit = join('|',
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x]               )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3]),
0x80 < $b[2] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ]               )), $b[1], $b[2]-1     ) : (),
0xE0 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\xE0-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ]               )), $b[1]-1            ) : (),
            );
            return qq{(?=$lower_limit)(?=$upper_limit)};
        }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 4) {
            return (
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3], $b[4]),
0x80 < $b[3] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3]-1     ) : (),
0x80 < $b[2] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $b[1], $b[2]-1            ) : (),
0xF0 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\xF0-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $b[1]-1                   ) : (),
$a[1] < 0xEF ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\xEF] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ]               )), $a[1]+1                   ) : (),
$a[2] < 0xBF ?  sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xBF] [\x80-\xBF  ]               )), $a[1], $a[2]+1            ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x        \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xBF]               )), $a[1], $a[2], $a[3]       ),
            );
        }
    }
    elsif (CORE::length($a) == 4) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif (CORE::length($b) == 4) {
            my $lower_limit = join('|',
$a[1] < 0xF4 ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\x%02x-\xF4] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $a[1]+1                   ) : (),
$a[2] < 0xBF ?  sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xBF] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $a[1], $a[2]+1            ) : (),
$a[3] < 0xBF ?  sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x        \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xBF] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $a[1], $a[2], $a[3]+1     ) : (),
                sprintf(join('', qw(  \x%02x        \x%02x        \x%02x       [\x%02x-\xBF] )), $a[1], $a[2], $a[3], $a[4]),
            );
            my $upper_limit = join('|',
                sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3], $b[4]),
0x80 < $b[3] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x        \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $b[1], $b[2], $b[3]-1     ) : (),
0x80 < $b[2] ?  sprintf(join('', qw(       \x%02x  [\x80-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $b[1], $b[2]-1            ) : (),
0xF0 < $b[1] ?  sprintf(join('', qw( [\xF0-\x%02x] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] [\x80-\xBF  ] )), $b[1]-1                   ) : (),
            );
            return qq{(?=$lower_limit)(?=$upper_limit)};
        }
    }

    # over range of codepoint
    confess sprintf(qq{@{[__FILE__]}: codepoint class [$_[0]-$_[1]] is not 1 to 4 octets (%d-%d)}, CORE::length($a), CORE::length($b));
}
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# qr// for UTF-8 codepoint string at runtime (used by $mb{qr/.../})
# ported from UTF8::R2::qr; uses mb::chr and list_all_by_hyphen_utf8_like
sub _r2_qr ($) {

    # Local STRING form of the one-codepoint matcher, used throughout this
    # subroutine in place of the file-scoped qr// object $x.
    #
    # The file-scoped $x is a qr// object ($x = qr/(?>$over_ascii|...)/). On
    # perl 5.005_03 a qr// object loses its body when interpolated into
    # another pattern ("$qr" becomes "(?-xism:)" with the contents dropped),
    # so an embedded $x would silently degrade to a match-anything sub-pattern
    # in BOTH the parsing regexes below and the generated output. That makes
    # negative codepoint classes, hyphen-range boundaries, quantifier shortfall
    # and "." (without /s) over-match on old perl. A plain string interpolates
    # losslessly on every perl from 5.005_03 onward, so build one here.
    #
    # It is kept STRICT (ASCII tail is [\x00-\x7F], not [\x00-\xFF]): leniency
    # is deliberately not introduced. $over_ascii is itself a plain string.
    # The file-scoped qr// $x is left untouched for mb's transpile path.
    my $x = "(?>$over_ascii|[\\x00-\\x7F])";

    # Work on a stringified, writable copy of the argument. The caller passes
    # either a qr// object (from $mb{qr/.../}) or a plain string. On perl
    # 5.005_03 a destructive s/// applied directly to a qr// argument (or to a
    # read-only literal) fails ("Modification of a read-only value") or yields
    # an empty body, so copy "$_[0]" into a lexical first.
    my $source = "$_[0]";

    my $modifiers = '';
    if (my($m) = $source =~ /\A \( \? \^? (.*?) : /x) {
        $modifiers = $m;
        $modifiers =~ s/-.*//;
    }

    my @after = ();
    while ($source =~ s! \A (
        (?> \[ (?: \[:[^:]+?:\] | \\x\{[0123456789ABCDEFabcdef]+\} | \\c[\x00-\xFF] | (?>\\$x) | $x )+? \] ) |
                                  \\x\{[0123456789ABCDEFabcdef]+\} | \\c[\x00-\xFF] | (?>\\$x) | $x
    ) !!x) {
        my $before = $1;

        # [^...] or [...]
        if (my($negative, $class) = $before =~ /\A \[ (\^?) ((?>\\$x|$x)+?) \] \z/x) {
            my @classmate = $class =~ /\G (?: \[:.+?:\] | \\x\{[0123456789ABCDEFabcdef]+\} | (?>\\$x) | $x ) /xg;
            my @sbcs = ();
            my @xbcs = ();

            for (my $i=0; $i <= $#classmate; ) {
                my $classmate = $classmate[$i];

                # hyphen of [A-Z] or [^A-Z]
                if (($i < $#classmate) and ($classmate[$i+1] eq '-')) {
                    my $a = ($classmate[$i+0] =~ /\A \\x \{ ([0123456789ABCDEFabcdef]+) \} \z/x) ? mb::chr(hex $1) : $classmate[$i+0];
                    my $b = ($classmate[$i+2] =~ /\A \\x \{ ([0123456789ABCDEFabcdef]+) \} \z/x) ? mb::chr(hex $1) : $classmate[$i+2];
                    push @xbcs, list_all_by_hyphen_utf8_like($a, $b);
                    $i += 3;
                }

                # any "one"
                else {

                    # \x{UTF8hex}
                    if ($classmate =~ /\A \\x \{ ([0123456789ABCDEFabcdef]+) \} \z/x) {
                        push @xbcs, mb::chr(hex $1);
                    }

                    # \any
                    elsif ($classmate eq '\D'         ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![$bare_d])$x)"  }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '\H'         ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![$bare_h])$x)"  }
#                   elsif ($classmate eq '\N'         ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?!\\n)$x)"        } # \N in a character class must be a named character: \N{...} in regex
#                   elsif ($classmate eq '\R'         ) { push @xbcs, "(?>\\r\\n|[$bare_v])" } # Unrecognized escape \R in character class passed through in regex
                    elsif ($classmate eq '\S'         ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![$bare_s])$x)"  }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '\V'         ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![$bare_v])$x)"  }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '\W'         ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![$bare_w])$x)"  }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '\b'         ) { push @sbcs, $bare_backspace        }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '\d'         ) { push @sbcs, $bare_d                }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '\h'         ) { push @sbcs, $bare_h                }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '\s'         ) { push @sbcs, $bare_s                }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '\v'         ) { push @sbcs, $bare_v                }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '\w'         ) { push @sbcs, $bare_w                }

                    # [:POSIX:]
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:alnum:]'  ) { push @sbcs, '\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A';                  }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:alpha:]'  ) { push @sbcs, '\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A';                           }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:ascii:]'  ) { push @sbcs, '\x00-\x7F';                                    }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:blank:]'  ) { push @sbcs, '\x09\x20';                                     }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:cntrl:]'  ) { push @sbcs, '\x00-\x1F\x7F';                                }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:digit:]'  ) { push @sbcs, '\x30-\x39';                                    }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:graph:]'  ) { push @sbcs, '\x21-\x7F';                                    }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:lower:]'  ) { push @sbcs, '\x61-\x7A';                                    } # /i modifier requires 'a' to 'z' literally
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:print:]'  ) { push @sbcs, '\x20-\x7F';                                    }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:punct:]'  ) { push @sbcs, '\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E'; }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:space:]'  ) { push @sbcs, '\s\x0B';                                       } # "\s" and vertical tab ("\cK")
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:upper:]'  ) { push @sbcs, '\x41-\x5A';                                    } # /i modifier requires 'A' to 'Z' literally
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:word:]'   ) { push @sbcs, '\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A';              }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:xdigit:]' ) { push @sbcs, '\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66';                  }

                    # [:^POSIX:]
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^alnum:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x30-\\x39\\x41-\\x5A\\x61-\\x7A])$x)";                      }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^alpha:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x41-\\x5A\\x61-\\x7A])$x)";                                 }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^ascii:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x00-\\x7F])$x)";                                            }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^blank:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x09\\x20])$x)";                                             }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^cntrl:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x00-\\x1F\\x7F])$x)";                                       }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^digit:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x30-\\x39])$x)";                                            }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^graph:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x21-\\x7F])$x)";                                            }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^lower:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x61-\\x7A])$x)";                                            } # /i modifier requires 'a' to 'z' literally
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^print:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x20-\\x7F])$x)";                                            }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^punct:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x21-\\x2F\\x3A-\\x3F\\x40\\x5B-\\x5F\\x60\\x7B-\\x7E])$x)"; }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^space:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\s\\x0B])$x)";                                               } # "\s" and vertical tab ("\cK")
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^upper:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x41-\\x5A])$x)";                                            } # /i modifier requires 'A' to 'Z' literally
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^word:]'  ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x30-\\x39\\x41-\\x5A\\x5F\\x61-\\x7A])$x)";                 }
                    elsif ($classmate eq '[:^xdigit:]') { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x30-\\x39\\x41-\\x46\\x61-\\x66])$x)";                      }

                    # other all
                    elsif (CORE::length($classmate)==1) { push @sbcs, $classmate }
                    else                                { push @xbcs, $classmate }
                    $i += 1;
                }
            }

            # [^...]
            if ($negative eq q[^]) {
                push @after,
                    ( @sbcs and  @xbcs) ? '(?:(?!' . join('|', @xbcs, '['.join('', @sbcs).']') . ")$x)" :
                    (!@sbcs and  @xbcs) ? '(?:(?!' . join('|', @xbcs                        ) . ")$x)" :
                    ( @sbcs and !@xbcs) ? '(?:(?!' .                  '['.join('', @sbcs).']'  . ")$x)" :
                    '';
            }

            # [...] on Perl 5.006
            elsif ($] =~ /\A5\.006/) {
                push @after,
                    ( @sbcs and  @xbcs) ? '(?:'    . join('|', @xbcs, '['.join('', @sbcs).']') .    ')' :
                    (!@sbcs and  @xbcs) ? '(?:'    . join('|', @xbcs                        ) .    ')' :
                    ( @sbcs and !@xbcs) ?                             '['.join('', @sbcs).']'           :
                    '';
            }

            # [...]
            else {
                push @after,
                    ( @sbcs and  @xbcs) ? '(?:(?=' . join('|', @xbcs, '['.join('', @sbcs).']') . ")$x)" :
                    (!@sbcs and  @xbcs) ? '(?:(?=' . join('|', @xbcs                        ) . ")$x)" :
                    ( @sbcs and !@xbcs) ?                             '['.join('', @sbcs).']'           :
                    '';
            }
        }

        # \any or /./
        elsif ($before eq '.' ) { push @after, ($modifiers =~ /s/) ? $x : "(?:(?!\\n)$x)"                    }
        elsif ($before eq '\B') { push @after, "(?:(?<![$bare_w])(?![$bare_w])|(?<=[$bare_w])(?=[$bare_w]))" }
        elsif ($before eq '\D') { push @after, "(?:(?![$bare_d])$x)"                                         }
        elsif ($before eq '\H') { push @after, "(?:(?![$bare_h])$x)"                                         }
        elsif ($before eq '\N') { push @after, "(?:(?!\\n)$x)"                                               }
        elsif ($before eq '\R') { push @after, "(?>\\r\\n|[$bare_v])"                                        }
        elsif ($before eq '\S') { push @after, "(?:(?![$bare_s])$x)"                                         }
        elsif ($before eq '\V') { push @after, "(?:(?![$bare_v])$x)"                                         }
        elsif ($before eq '\W') { push @after, "(?:(?![$bare_w])$x)"                                         }
        elsif ($before eq '\b') { push @after, "(?:(?<![$bare_w])(?=[$bare_w])|(?<=[$bare_w])(?![$bare_w]))" }
        elsif ($before eq '\d') { push @after, "[$bare_d]"                                                   }
        elsif ($before eq '\h') { push @after, "[$bare_h]"                                                   }
        elsif ($before eq '\s') { push @after, "[$bare_s]"                                                   }
        elsif ($before eq '\v') { push @after, "[$bare_v]"                                                   }
        elsif ($before eq '\w') { push @after, "[$bare_w]"                                                   }

        # quantifiers ? + * {n} {n,} {n,m}
        elsif ($before =~ /\A[?+*{]\z/) {
            if    (0)                                             { }
            elsif ($after[-1] =~ /\A \\c [\x00-\xFF]        \z/x) { } # \c) \c} \c] \cX
            elsif ($after[-1] =~ /\A \\  [\x00-\xFF]        \z/x) { } # \) \} \] \" \0 \1 \D \E \F \G \H \K \L \N \Q \R \S \U \V \W \\ \a \d \e \f \h \l \n \r \s \t \u \v \w
            elsif ($after[-1] =~ /\A     [\x00-\xFF]        \z/x) { } # (a) a{1} [a] a . \012 \x12 \o{12} \g{1}
            elsif ($after[-1] =~ /       [\x00-\xFF] [)}\]] \z/x) { } # (any) any{1} [any]
            else {                                                    # XBCS
                $after[-1] = '(?:' . $after[-1] . ')';
            }
            push @after, $before;
        }

        # \x{UTF8hex}
        elsif ($before =~ /\A \\x \{ ([0123456789ABCDEFabcdef]+) \} \z/x) {
            push @after, mb::chr(hex $1);
        }

        # else
        else {
            push @after, $before;
        }
    }

    my $after = join '', @after;

    # Return a plain regular-expression STRING, not a qr// object.
    #
    # On perl 5.005_03 a qr// object, when interpolated into another pattern
    # (for example  m<\G$mb{qr/.../}>g  or  s<$mb{qr/.../}><...>  or even a
    # second  =~ //  after stringification) loses its body: "$qr" becomes
    # "(?-xism:)" with the contents dropped, so the pattern then matches
    # anything. A plain string interpolates losslessly on every perl from
    # 5.005_03 onward. The (?modifiers:...) wrapper preserves the i/m/s/x
    # flags that were present on the original qr/.../ token.
    if ($modifiers ne '') {
        return "(?$modifiers:$after)";
    }
    else {
        return "(?:$after)";
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# mb::qr() - functional form of the runtime UTF-8 codepoint regex builder.
# This is the same engine as $mb{qr/.../} (the tie FETCH), exposed as a
# named subroutine for UTF8::R2 source compatibility:
#     $_ =~ mb::qr(qr/.../)   is equivalent to   $_ =~ $mb{qr/.../}
# It returns a plain regular-expression string (see _r2_qr above for why a
# string and not a qr// object, which matters on perl 5.005_03).
sub mb::qr ($) {
    return _r2_qr($_[0]);
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse codepoint class
sub parse_re_codepoint_class {
    my($codepoint_class) = @_;
    my @sbcs = ();
    my @xbcs = (); # "xbcs" means DBCS, TBCS, QBCS, ...

    # get members from class
    my @classmate = ();
    while ($codepoint_class !~ /\G \z /xmsgc) {
        if (0) { }
        elsif ($codepoint_class =~ /\G\\o\{([01234567]+)\}/xmsgc) {
            push @classmate, mb::chr(oct $1);
        }
        elsif ($codepoint_class =~ /\G\\x\{([0123456789ABCDEFabcdef]+)\}/xmsgc) {
            push @classmate, mb::chr(hex $1);
        }
        elsif ($codepoint_class =~ /\G(\[:.+?:\])/xmsgc) {
            push @classmate, $1;
        }
        elsif ($codepoint_class =~ /\G((?>\\$x))/xmsgc) {
            push @classmate, $1;
        }
        elsif ($codepoint_class =~ /\G($x)/xmsgc) {
            push @classmate, $1;
        }
        else {
            confess qq{@{[__FILE__]}: codepoint_class=($codepoint_class), classmate=(@classmate)};
        }
    }

    # get regular expression for MBCS codepoint class
    for (my $i=0; $i <= $#classmate; $i++) {
        my $classmate = $classmate[$i];

        # hyphen of [A-Z] or [^A-Z]
        if (($i < $#classmate) and ($classmate[$i+1] eq '-')) {
            my $a = $classmate[$i];
            my $b = $classmate[$i+2];
            if (0) { }
            elsif ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: sjis ) \z/xms) {
                push @xbcs, list_all_by_hyphen_sjis_like   ($a, $b);
            }
            elsif ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: eucjp ) \z/xms) {
                push @xbcs, list_all_by_hyphen_eucjp_like  ($a, $b);
            }
            elsif ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: gbk | uhc | big5 | big5hkscs ) \z/xms) {
                push @xbcs, list_all_by_hyphen_big5_like   ($a, $b);
            }
            elsif ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: gb18030 ) \z/xms) {
                push @xbcs, list_all_by_hyphen_gb18030_like($a, $b);
            }
            elsif ($script_encoding =~ /\A (?: rfc2279 | utf8 | wtf8 ) \z/xms) {
                push @xbcs, list_all_by_hyphen_utf8_like   ($a, $b);
            }
            else {
                push @sbcs, "$a-$b";
            }
            $i += 2;
        }

        # classic perl codepoint class shortcuts
        elsif ($classmate eq '\\D') { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![$bare_d])$x)";  }
        elsif ($classmate eq '\\H') { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![$bare_h])$x)";  }
#       elsif ($classmate eq '\\N') { push @xbcs, "(?:(?!\\n)$x)";        } # \N in a codepoint class must be a named character: \N{...} in regex
#       elsif ($classmate eq '\\R') { push @xbcs, "(?>\\r\\n|[$bare_v])"; } # Unrecognized escape \R in codepoint class passed through in regex
        elsif ($classmate eq '\\S') { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![$bare_s])$x)";  }
        elsif ($classmate eq '\\V') { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![$bare_v])$x)";  }
        elsif ($classmate eq '\\W') { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![$bare_w])$x)";  }
        elsif ($classmate eq '\\b') { push @sbcs, $bare_backspace;        }
        elsif ($classmate eq '\\d') { push @sbcs, $bare_d;                }
        elsif ($classmate eq '\\h') { push @sbcs, $bare_h;                }
        elsif ($classmate eq '\\s') { push @sbcs, $bare_s;                }
        elsif ($classmate eq '\\v') { push @sbcs, $bare_v;                }
        elsif ($classmate eq '\\w') { push @sbcs, $bare_w;                }

        # [:POSIX:]
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:alnum:]' ) { push @sbcs, '\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A';                  }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:alpha:]' ) { push @sbcs, '\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A';                           }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:ascii:]' ) { push @sbcs, '\x00-\x7F';                                    }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:blank:]' ) { push @sbcs, '\x09\x20';                                     }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:cntrl:]' ) { push @sbcs, '\x00-\x1F\x7F';                                }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:digit:]' ) { push @sbcs, '\x30-\x39';                                    }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:graph:]' ) { push @sbcs, '\x21-\x7F';                                    }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:lower:]' ) { push @sbcs, 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';                   } # /i modifier requires 'a' to 'z' literally
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:print:]' ) { push @sbcs, '\x20-\x7F';                                    }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:punct:]' ) { push @sbcs, '\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E'; }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:space:]' ) { push @sbcs, '\s\x0B';                                       } # "\s" and vertical tab ("\cK")
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:upper:]' ) { push @sbcs, 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';                   } # /i modifier requires 'A' to 'Z' literally
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:word:]'  ) { push @sbcs, '\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A';              }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:xdigit:]') { push @sbcs, '\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66';                  }

        # [:^POSIX:]
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^alnum:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x30-\\x39\\x41-\\x5A\\x61-\\x7A])$x)";                      }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^alpha:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x41-\\x5A\\x61-\\x7A])$x)";                                 }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^ascii:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x00-\\x7F])$x)";                                            }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^blank:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x09\\x20])$x)";                                             }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^cntrl:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x00-\\x1F\\x7F])$x)";                                       }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^digit:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x30-\\x39])$x)";                                            }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^graph:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x21-\\x7F])$x)";                                            }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^lower:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])$x)";                             } # /i modifier requires 'a' to 'z' literally
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^print:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x20-\\x7F])$x)";                                            }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^punct:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x21-\\x2F\\x3A-\\x3F\\x40\\x5B-\\x5F\\x60\\x7B-\\x7E])$x)"; }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^space:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\s\\x0B])$x)";                                               } # "\s" and vertical tab ("\cK")
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^upper:]' ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])$x)";                             } # /i modifier requires 'A' to 'Z' literally
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^word:]'  ) { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x30-\\x39\\x41-\\x5A\\x5F\\x61-\\x7A])$x)";                 }
        elsif ($classmate eq '[:^xdigit:]') { push @xbcs, "(?:(?![\\x30-\\x39\\x41-\\x46\\x61-\\x66])$x)";                      }

        # \any
        elsif ($classmate =~ /\G (\\) ($x) /xmsgc) {
            if (CORE::length($2) == 1) {
                push @sbcs, ($1 . $2);
            }
            else {
                push @xbcs, '(?:' . $1 . escape_to_hex($2, ']') . ')';
            }
        }

        # any
        elsif ($classmate =~ /\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
            if (CORE::length($1) == 1) {
                push @sbcs, $1;
            }
            else {
                push @xbcs, '(?:' . escape_to_hex($1, ']') . ')';
            }
        }

        # something wrong happened
        else {
            die sprintf(<<END, pos($_), CORE::substr($_,pos($_)));
$0(@{[__LINE__]}): something wrong happened in script at pos=%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
END
        }
    }

    # return codepoint class
    my $parsed =
        ( @sbcs and  @xbcs) ? join('|', @xbcs, '['.join('',@sbcs).']') :
        (!@sbcs and  @xbcs) ? join('|', @xbcs                        ) :
        ( @sbcs and !@xbcs) ?                  '['.join('',@sbcs).']'  :
        die;
    return $parsed;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse qr'regexp' as q-like
sub parse_re_as_q_endswith {
    my($operator, $endswith) = @_;
    my $parsed = $endswith;
    while (1) {
        if (/\G (\Q$endswith\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
            last;
        }

        # get codepoint class
        elsif (/\G \[ /xmsgc) {
            my $classmate = '';
            while (1) {
                if (/\G \] /xmsgc) {
                    last;
                }
                elsif (/\G (\[:\^[a-z]*:\]) /xmsgc) {
                    $classmate .= $1;
                }
                elsif (/\G (\[:[a-z]*:\]) /xmsgc) {
                    $classmate .= $1;
                }
                elsif (/\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
                    $classmate .= $1;
                }

                # something wrong happened
                else {
                    die sprintf(<<END, pos($_), CORE::substr($_,pos($_)));
$0(@{[__LINE__]}): something wrong happened in script at pos=%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
END
                }
            }

            # parse codepoint class
            $parsed .= mb::_cc($classmate);
        }

        # /./ or \any
        elsif (/\G \.  /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "(?:$over_ascii|.)";    } # after $over_ascii, /s modifier wants "." (not [\x00-\xFF])
        elsif (/\G \\B /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "(?:(?<![$bare_w])(?![$bare_w])|(?<=[$bare_w])(?=[$bare_w]))"; }
        elsif (/\G \\D /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "(?:(?![$bare_d])$x)";  }
        elsif (/\G \\H /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "(?:(?![$bare_h])$x)";  }
        elsif (/\G \\N /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "(?:(?!\\n)$x)";        }
        elsif (/\G \\R /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "(?>\\r\\n|[$bare_v])"; }
        elsif (/\G \\S /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "(?:(?![$bare_s])$x)";  }
        elsif (/\G \\V /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "(?:(?![$bare_v])$x)";  }
        elsif (/\G \\W /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "(?:(?![$bare_w])$x)";  }
        elsif (/\G \\b /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "(?:(?<![$bare_w])(?=[$bare_w])|(?<=[$bare_w])(?![$bare_w]))"; }
        elsif (/\G \\d /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "[$bare_d]";            }
        elsif (/\G \\h /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "[$bare_h]";            }
        elsif (/\G \\s /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "[$bare_s]";            }
        elsif (/\G \\v /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "[$bare_v]";            }
        elsif (/\G \\w /xmsgc) { $parsed .= "[$bare_w]";            }

        # \o{...}
        elsif (/\G \\o\{ (.*?) \} /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '(?:';
            $parsed .= escape_to_hex(mb::chr(oct $1), $endswith);
            $parsed .= ')';
        }

        # \x{...}
        elsif (/\G \\x\{ (.*?) \} /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '(?:';
            $parsed .= escape_to_hex(mb::chr(hex $1), $endswith);
            $parsed .= ')';
        }

        # \0... octal escape
        elsif (/\G (\\ 0[1-7]*) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
        }

        # \100...\x377 octal escape
        elsif (/\G (\\ [1-3][0-7][0-7]) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
        }

        # \1...\99, ... n-th previously captured string (decimal)
        elsif (/\G (\\) ([1-9][0-9]*) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
            if ($operator eq 's') {
                $parsed .= ($2 + 1);
            }
            else {
                $parsed .= $2;
            }
        }

        # any
        elsif (/\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
            if (CORE::length($1) == 1) {
                $parsed .= $1;
            }
            else {
                $parsed .= '(?:';
                $parsed .= escape_to_hex($1, $endswith);
                $parsed .= ')';
            }
        }

        # something wrong happened
        else {
            die sprintf(<<END, pos($_), CORE::substr($_,pos($_)));
$0(@{[__LINE__]}): something wrong happened in script at pos=%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
END
        }
    }
    return $parsed;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse qr{regexp} in balanced blackets
sub parse_re_balanced {
    my($operator, $open_bracket) = @_;
    my $close_bracket = {qw| ( ) { } [ ] < > |}->{$open_bracket} || die;
    my $parsed = $open_bracket;
    my $nest_bracket = 1;
    my $nest_escape = 0;
    while (1) {
        if (/\G (\Q$open_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= $1;
            $nest_bracket++;
        }
        elsif (/\G (\Q$close_bracket\E) /xmsgc) {
            if (--$nest_bracket <= 0) {
                $parsed .= ('>)]}' x $nest_escape);
                $parsed .= $1;
                last;
            }
            else {
                $parsed .= $1;
            }
        }

        # \L\u --> \u\L
        elsif (/\G \\L \\u /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::ucfirst(qq<';
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::lc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \U\l --> \l\U
        elsif (/\G \\U \\l /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::lcfirst(qq<';
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::uc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \L
        elsif (/\G \\L /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::lc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \U
        elsif (/\G \\U /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::uc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \l
        elsif (/\G \\l /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::lcfirst(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \u
        elsif (/\G \\u /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::ucfirst(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \Q
        elsif (/\G \\Q /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[quotemeta(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \E
        elsif (/\G \\E /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= ('>)]}' x $nest_escape);
            $nest_escape = 0;
        }

        else {
            $parsed .= parse_re($operator, $open_bracket);
        }
    }
    return $parsed;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse qr/regexp/ that ends with a character
sub parse_re_endswith {
    my($operator, $endswith) = @_;
    my $parsed = $endswith;
    my $nest_escape = 0;
    while (1) {
        if (/\G (\Q$endswith\E) /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= ('>)]}' x $nest_escape);
            $parsed .= $1;
            last;
        }

        # \L\u --> \u\L
        elsif (/\G \\L \\u /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::ucfirst(qq<';
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::lc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \U\l --> \l\U
        elsif (/\G \\U \\l /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::lcfirst(qq<';
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::uc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \L
        elsif (/\G \\L /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::lc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \U
        elsif (/\G \\U /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::uc(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \l
        elsif (/\G \\l /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::lcfirst(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \u
        elsif (/\G \\u /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[mb::ucfirst(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \Q
        elsif (/\G \\Q /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= '@{[quotemeta(qq<';
            $nest_escape++;
        }

        # \E
        elsif (/\G \\E /xmsgc) {
            $parsed .= ('>)]}' x $nest_escape);
            $nest_escape = 0;
        }

        else {
            $parsed .= parse_re($operator, $endswith);
        }
    }
    return $parsed;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse qr/regexp/ common routine
sub parse_re {
    my($operator, $closewith) = @_;
    my $parsed = '';

    # codepoint class
    if (/\G \[ /xmsgc) {
        my $classmate = '';
        while (1) {
            if (/\G \] /xmsgc) {
                last;
            }
            elsif (/\G (\\) /xmsgc) {
                $classmate .= "\\$1";
            }
            elsif (/\G (\[:\^[a-z]*:\]) /xmsgc) {
                $classmate .= $1;
            }
            elsif (/\G (\[:[a-z]*:\]) /xmsgc) {
                $classmate .= $1;
            }
            elsif (/\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
                $classmate .= escape_qq($1, ']');
            }

            # something wrong happened
            else {
                die sprintf(<<END, pos($_), CORE::substr($_,pos($_)));
$0(@{[__LINE__]}): something wrong happened in script at pos=%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
END
            }
        }

        # quote by (?: ... ) to avoid syntax error: Can't coerce array into hash at ...
        #
        # [ABC]{3} --> @{[mb::_cc(qq[ABC])]}{3}     # makes: Can't coerce array into hash at ...
        # [ABC]{3} --> (?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[ABC])]}){3} # ok

        $parsed .= "(?:\@{[mb::_cc(qq[$classmate])]})";
    }

    # /./ or \any
    elsif (/\G \.  /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_dot]})'; }
    elsif (/\G \\B /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_B]})';   }
    elsif (/\G \\D /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_D]})';   }
    elsif (/\G \\H /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_H]})';   }
    elsif (/\G \\N /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_N]})';   }
    elsif (/\G \\R /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_R]})';   }
    elsif (/\G \\S /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_S]})';   }
    elsif (/\G \\V /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_V]})';   }
    elsif (/\G \\W /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_W]})';   }
    elsif (/\G \\b /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_b]})';   }
    elsif (/\G \\d /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_d]})';   }
    elsif (/\G \\h /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_h]})';   }
    elsif (/\G \\s /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_s]})';   }
    elsif (/\G \\v /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_v]})';   }
    elsif (/\G \\w /xmsgc) { $parsed .= '(?:@{[@mb::_w]})';   }

    # \o{...}
    elsif (/\G \\o\{ (.*?) \} /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= '(?:';
        $parsed .= escape_to_hex(mb::chr(oct $1), $closewith);
        $parsed .= ')';
    }

    # \x{...}
    elsif (/\G \\x\{ (.*?) \} /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= '(?:';
        $parsed .= escape_to_hex(mb::chr(hex $1), $closewith);
        $parsed .= ')';
    }

    # \0... octal escape
    elsif (/\G (\\ 0[1-7]*) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # \100...\x377 octal escape
    elsif (/\G (\\ [1-3][0-7][0-7]) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
    }

    # \1...\99, ... n-th previously captured string (decimal)
    elsif (/\G (\\) ([1-9][0-9]*) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= $1;
        if ($operator eq 's') {
            $parsed .= ($2 + 1);
        }
        else {
            $parsed .= $2;
        }
    }

    # \any
    elsif (/\G (\\) ($x) /xmsgc) {
        if (CORE::length($2) == 1) {
            $parsed .= ($1 . $2);
        }
        else {
            $parsed .= ('(?:' . $1 . escape_qq($2, $closewith) . ')');
        }
    }

    # $`           --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_PREMATCH())]}
    # ${`}         --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_PREMATCH())]}
    # $PREMATCH    --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_PREMATCH())]}
    # ${PREMATCH}  --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_PREMATCH())]}
    # ${^PREMATCH} --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_PREMATCH())]}
    elsif (/\G (?: \$` | \$\{`\} | \$PREMATCH | \$\{PREMATCH\} | \$\{\^PREMATCH\} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= '@{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_PREMATCH())]}';
    }

    # $&        --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_MATCH())]}
    # ${&}      --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_MATCH())]}
    # $MATCH    --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_MATCH())]}
    # ${MATCH}  --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_MATCH())]}
    # ${^MATCH} --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_MATCH())]}
    elsif (/\G (?: \$& | \$\{&\} | \$MATCH | \$\{MATCH\} | \$\{\^MATCH\} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= '@{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_MATCH())]}';
    }

    # $1 --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_CAPTURE(1))]}
    # $2 --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_CAPTURE(2))]}
    # $3 --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_CAPTURE(3))]}
    elsif (/\G \$ ([1-9][0-9]*) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= "\@{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_CAPTURE($1))]}";
    }

    # ${^CAPTURE}[0] --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_CAPTURE(1))]}
    # ${^CAPTURE}[1] --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_CAPTURE(2))]}
    # ${^CAPTURE}[2] --> @{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_CAPTURE(3))]}
    elsif (/\G \$\{\^CAPTURE\} \s* (\[) /xmsgc) {
        my $n_th = quotee_of(parse_expr_balanced($1));
        $parsed .= "\@{[mb::_clustered_codepoint(mb::_CAPTURE($n_th+1))]}";
    }

    # @-                   --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}
    # @LAST_MATCH_START    --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}
    # @{LAST_MATCH_START}  --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}
    # @{^LAST_MATCH_START} --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}
    elsif (/\G (?: \@- | \@LAST_MATCH_START | \@\{LAST_MATCH_START\} | \@\{\^LAST_MATCH_START\} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= '@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}';
    }

    # $-[1]                   --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}
    # $LAST_MATCH_START[1]    --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}
    # ${LAST_MATCH_START}[1]  --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}
    # ${^LAST_MATCH_START}[1] --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}
    elsif (/\G (?: \$- | \$LAST_MATCH_START | \$\{LAST_MATCH_START\} | \$\{\^LAST_MATCH_START\} ) \s* (\[) /xmsgc) {
        my $n_th = quotee_of(parse_expr_balanced($1));
        $parsed .= "\@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START($n_th)]}";
    }

    # @+                 --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}
    # @LAST_MATCH_END    --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}
    # @{LAST_MATCH_END}  --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}
    # @{^LAST_MATCH_END} --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}
    elsif (/\G (?: \@\+ | \@LAST_MATCH_END | \@\{LAST_MATCH_END\} | \@\{\^LAST_MATCH_END\} ) /xmsgc) {
        $parsed .= '@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}';
    }

    # $+[1]                 --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}
    # $LAST_MATCH_END[1]    --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}
    # ${LAST_MATCH_END}[1]  --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}
    # ${^LAST_MATCH_END}[1] --> @{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}
    elsif (/\G (?: \$\+ | \$LAST_MATCH_END | \$\{LAST_MATCH_END\} | \$\{\^LAST_MATCH_END\} ) \s* (\[) /xmsgc) {
        my $n_th = quotee_of(parse_expr_balanced($1));
        $parsed .= "\@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END($n_th)]}";
    }

    # any
    elsif (/\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
        if (CORE::length($1) == 1) {
            $parsed .= $1;
        }
        else {
            $parsed .= ('(?:' . escape_qq($1, $closewith) . ')');
        }
    }

    # something wrong happened
    else {
        die sprintf(<<END, pos($_), CORE::substr($_,pos($_)));
$0(@{[__LINE__]}): something wrong happened in script at pos=%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
END
    }
    return $parsed;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse modifiers of qr///here
sub parse_re_modifier {
    my $modifier_i = '';
    my $modifier_not_cegir = '';
    my $modifier_cegr = '';
    while (1) {
        if (/\G [adlpu] /xmsgc) {
            # drop modifiers
        }
        elsif (/\G ([i]) /xmsgc) {
            $modifier_i .= $1;
        }
        elsif (/\G ([cegr]) /xmsgc) {
            $modifier_cegr .= $1;
        }
        elsif (/\G ([a-z]) /xmsgc) {
            $modifier_not_cegir .= $1;
        }
        else {
            last;
        }
    }
    return ($modifier_i, $modifier_not_cegir, $modifier_cegr);
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# parse modifiers of tr///here
sub parse_tr_modifier {
    my $modifier_not_r = '';
    my $modifier_r = '';
    while (1) {
        if (/\G ([r]) /xmsgc) {
            $modifier_r .= $1;
        }
        elsif (/\G ([a-z]) /xmsgc) {
            $modifier_not_r .= $1;
        }
        else {
            last;
        }
    }
    return ($modifier_not_r, $modifier_r);
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# makes codepoint class from string
sub codepoint_tr {
    my $searchlist = quotee_of($_[0]);

    my @sbcs = ();
    my @xbcs = (); # "xbcs" means DBCS, TBCS, QBCS, ...
    while ($searchlist !~ /\G \z /xmsgc) {

        # \-
        if ($searchlist =~ /\G (\\-) /xmsgc) {
            push @sbcs, $1;
        }

        # -
        elsif ($searchlist =~ /\G (-) /xmsgc) {
            push @sbcs, $1;
        }

        # any qq escapee
        elsif ($searchlist =~ /\G ([$escapee_in_qq_like]) /xmsgc) {
            push @sbcs, "\\$1";
        }

        # any
        elsif ($searchlist =~ /\G ($x) /xmsgc) {
            if (CORE::length($1) == 1) {
                push @sbcs, $1;
            }
            else {
                push @xbcs, escape_qq($1, '\\');
            }
        }

        # something wrong happened
        else {
            die sprintf(<<END, pos($_), CORE::substr($_,pos($_)));
$0(@{[__LINE__]}): something wrong happened in script at pos=%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
%s
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
END
        }
    }

    # return codepoint class
    return
        ( @sbcs and  @xbcs) ? join('|', @xbcs, '['.join('',@sbcs).']') :
        (!@sbcs and  @xbcs) ? join('|', @xbcs                        ) :
        ( @sbcs and !@xbcs) ?                  '['.join('',@sbcs).']'  :
        die;
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# get quotee from quoted "quotee"
sub quotee_of {
    if (CORE::length($_[0]) >= 2) {
        return CORE::substr($_[0],1,-1);
    }
    else {
        die;
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# escape q/string/ as q-like quote
sub escape_q {
    my($codepoint, $endswith) = @_;
    if ($codepoint =~ /\A ([^\x00-\x7F]) (\Q$endswith\E) \z/xms) {
        return "$1\\$2";
    }
    elsif ($codepoint =~ /\A ([^\x00-\x7F]) ($escapee_in_q__like) \z/xms) {
        return "$1\\$2";
    }
    else {
        return $codepoint;
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# escape qq/string/ as qq-like quote
sub escape_qq {
    my($codepoint, $endswith) = @_;

    # m@`@    --> m`\x60`
    # qr@`@   --> qr`\x60`
    # s@`@``@ --> s`\x60`\x60\x60`
    # m:`:    --> m`\x60`
    # qr:`:   --> qr`\x60`
    # s:`:``: --> s`\x60`\x60\x60`
    if ($codepoint eq '`') {
        return '\\x60';
    }
    elsif ($codepoint =~ /\A ([^\x00-\x7F]) (\Q$endswith\E) \z/xms) {
        return "$1\\$2";
    }
    elsif ($codepoint =~ /\A ([^\x00-\x7F]) ([$escapee_in_qq_like]) \z/xms) {
        return "$1\\$2";
    }
    else {
        return $codepoint;
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# escape tr/here/here/ as tr-like quote
sub escape_tr {
    my($codepoint, $endswith) = @_;
    if ($codepoint =~ /\A (\Q$endswith\E) \z/xms) {
        return "\\$1";
    }
    elsif ($codepoint =~ /\A ([^\x00-\x7F]) (\Q$endswith\E) \z/xms) {
        return "$1\\$2";
    }
    elsif ($codepoint =~ /\A ([^\x00-\x7F]) ($escapee_in_q__like) \z/xms) {
        return "$1\\$2";
    }
    else {
        return $codepoint;
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# escape qq/string/ or qr/regexp/ to hex
sub escape_to_hex {
    my($codepoint, $endswith) = @_;
    if ($codepoint =~ /\A ([^\x00-\x7F]) (\Q$endswith\E) \z/xms) {
        return sprintf('\x%02X\x%02X', CORE::ord($1), CORE::ord($2));
    }

    # in qr'...', $escapee_in_qq_like is right, not $escapee_in_q__like
    elsif ($codepoint =~ /\A ([^\x00-\x7F]) ([$escapee_in_qq_like]) \z/xms) {
        return sprintf('\x%02X\x%02X', CORE::ord($1), CORE::ord($2));
    }
    else {
        return $codepoint;
    }
}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# compatible routines for %mb of UTF8::R2 module
#
# tie my %mb, 'mb';
# $result = $_ =~ $mb{qr/$utf8regex/imsxo}
# $result = $_ =~ m<\G$mb{qr/$utf8regex/imsxo}>gc
# $result = $_ =~ s<$mb{qr/before/imsxo}><after>egr

sub TIEHASH  { bless { }, $_[0] }
sub FETCH    { _r2_qr($_[1]) }
sub STORE    { }
sub FIRSTKEY { }
sub NEXTKEY  { }
sub EXISTS   { }
sub DELETE   { }
sub CLEAR    { }
sub UNTIE    { }
sub DESTROY  { }
sub SCALAR   { }

#---------------------------------------------------------------------

1;

__END__

=pod

=encoding utf-8

=head1 NAME

mb - Can easy script in Big5, Big5-HKSCS, GBK, Sjis(also CP932), UHC, UTF-8, ...

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  $ perl mb.pm              script_by_mbcs.pl      (auto detect encoding of script)
  $ perl mb.pm -e big5      script_by_big5.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e big5hkscs script_by_big5hkscs.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e eucjp     script_by_eucjp.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e gb18030   script_by_gb18030.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e gbk       script_by_gbk.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e sjis      script_by_sjis.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e sjis      script_by_cp932.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e rfc2279   script_by_rfc2279.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e uhc       script_by_uhc.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e utf8      script_by_utf8.pl
  $ perl mb.pm -e wtf8      script_by_wtf8.pl

  C:\WINDOWS> perl mb.pm script.pl ??-DOS-like *wildcard* available

  MBCS quotes:
        qq/ DAMEMOJI 功声乗ソ /
         q/ DAMEMOJI 功声乗ソ /
         m/ DAMEMOJI 功声乗ソ /
         s/ DAMEMOJI 功声乗ソ / DAMEMOJI 功声乗ソ /
    split / DAMEMOJI 功声乗ソ /
        tr/ DAMEMOJI 功声乗ソ / DAMEMOJI 功声乗ソ /
         y/ DAMEMOJI 功声乗ソ / DAMEMOJI 功声乗ソ /
        qr/ DAMEMOJI 功声乗ソ /
        qw/ DAMEMOJI 功声乗ソ /
        qx/ DAMEMOJI 功声乗ソ /

  Useful MBCS subroutines:
    mb::chop(...);
    mb::chr(...);
    mb::dosglob(...);
    mb::getc(...);
    mb::length(...);
    mb::ord(...);
    mb::substr(...);
  Not so useful MBCS subroutines:
    mb::index(...);
    mb::index_byte(...);
    mb::reverse(...);
    mb::rindex(...);
    mb::rindex_byte(...);
  Subroutines that handle MBCS program:
    mb::do 'file';
    mb::eval 'string';
    mb::require 'file';
    mb::use Module;
    mb::no Module;

  MBCS special variables:
    $mb::PERL
    $mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME

  Supported encodings:
    Big5
    Big5-HKSCS
    EUC-JP
    GB18030
    GBK
    Sjis(also CP932)
    UHC
    UTF-8
    WTF-8

  Supported operating systems:
    Apple Inc. Mac OS X, OS X, macOS,
    Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. HP-UX,
    International Business Machines Corporation AIX,
    Microsoft Corporation Windows,
    Oracle Corporation Solaris,
    and Other Systems

  Supported perl versions:
    perl version 5.005_03 to perl 5.42

=head1 INSTALLATION BY MAKE-COMMAND

To install this software by make, type the following:

   perl Makefile.PL
   make
   make test
   make install

=head1 INSTALLATION WITHOUT MAKE-COMMAND (for DOS-like system)

To install this software without make, type the following:

   pmake.bat test
   pmake.bat install

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This software is an implementation of JPerl in Perl.

MBCS has been said to be an acronym for Multi Byte "Character" Set.
(However, these days, it should be considered an acronym for Multi Byte "Codepoint" Set.)
In any case, it is certain that "M" and "B" in mb.pm modulino are the first two characters of MBCS.

mb.pm modulino is a solution that can run your Perl script written in MBCS encoding.
This software is a source code filter, a transpiler-modulino.

Perl is said to have been able to handle Unicode since version 5.8.
However, unlike JPerl, "Easy jobs must be easy" has been lost.

There are some MBCS encodings in the world.

=over 2

=item *

in Japan since 1978, JIS C 6226-1978,

=item *

in China since 1980, GB 2312-80,

=item *

in Taiwan since 1984, Big5,

=item *

in South Korea since 1991, KS X 1002:1991,

=item *

in Hong Kong since 1999, Hong Kong Supplementary Character Set, and more.

=back

These encodings are still used today in most areas except the world wide web.
These encodings will be used for the following reasons:

=over 2

=item *

To maintain round-trip compatibility in reading and appending data (included offline data).

=item *

To maintain sorting order of strings.

=item *

Can create screens (and forms) easy, since octet size of memory matches width of display (and printing).

=item *

Size of character set is best for human brain and easy to use.

=back

In Shift_JIS and similar encodings(Big5, Big5-HKSCS, GB18030, GBK, Sjis, CP932) have any DAMEMOJI who have metacharacters at second octet.
And in Big5, Big5-HKSCS, GB18030, GBK, Sjis, CP932 and UHC have many CHANTOSHITAMOJI who have alphabets at second octet.

mb.pm modulino makes new script then run it.
mb.pm modulino escapes DAMEMOJI and keeps CHANTOSHITAMOJI in your scripts to make new scripts.

This software has the following features

=over 2

=item *

supports MBCS literals of Perl scripts

=item *

supports Big5, Big5-HKSCS, EUC-JP, GB18030, GBK, Sjis(also CP932), UHC, UTF-8, and WTF-8

=item *

does not use the UTF8 flag to avoid MOJIBAKE

=item *

escapes DAMEMOJI of scripts

=item *

handles raw encoding to support GAIJI

=item *

adds multibyte anchoring to regular expressions

=item *

rewrites character classes in regular expressions to work as MBCS codepoint

=item *

supports special variables $`, $&, and $'

=item *

does not change features of octet-oriented built-in functions

=item *

You have using mb::* subroutines if you want codepoint semantics

=item *

lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), and ucfirst() convert US-ASCII only

=item *

codepoint range by hyphen of tr/// and y/// support US-ASCII only

=back

=head1 Larry Wall-san's way

If you're using the utf8 pragma and you have a big headache, probably, you're on the wrong way.
You should back to the Larry Wall Street (that is known as Wall street, and there are still many Perl scripts running on it today) where is a sign that says ver.5.00503.

There is another path there. Follow that path.
Soon, your headache will be improve.

The "length()" described in the script always functions as "bytes::length()", and the "substr()" in the script always functions as "bytes::substr()".
If you want to know the number of code points of multibyte characters contained in a scalar value, you have to write "mb::length()".
If you want to execute "substr()" in code point context, you have to write "mb::substr()".

Once, Larry Wall san said like this;

"Easy jobs must be easy."

Welcome to Larry Wall-san's way!!

=head1 Perl 5.42 and source::encoding

Perl 5.42 introduces the C<source::encoding> pragma, and enables
ASCII-only checking of the Perl script source automatically for
C<use v5.41> and later.

mb passes most tokens through as-is, and only escapes DAMEMOJI
--- multibyte characters whose second octet happens to be an ASCII
metacharacter --- inside string and regular expression literals.

Comments and POD are left completely untouched and may therefore
contain arbitrary multibyte characters.

Therefore, when mb transpiles a script, it appends C<no source::encoding;>
on the same line as any C<use v5.41> or later statement in the
transpiled C<.oo.*> file. This suppresses C<source::encoding> checking
without introducing extra lines, so that line numbers in error
messages are not shifted between the original and the transpiled
script.

=head1 TERMINOLOGY

To understand and use this software, you must know some terminologies.
But now I have no time for write them. So today is July 7th, I have to go to meet Juliet.
The necessary terms are listed below. Maybe world wide web will help you.

=over 2

=item *

byte

=item *

octet

=item *

encoding

=item *

encode

=item *

decode

=item *

character

=item *

codepoint

=item *

grapheme

=item *

SBCS(Single Byte Character Set, Single Byte Code Set)

=item *

DBCS(Double Byte Character Set, Double Byte Code Set)

=item *

MBCS(Multibyte Character Set, Multibyte Code Set)

=item *

multibyte anchoring

=item *

character class

=item *

HIRAGANA

=item *

KATAKANA

=item *

KANJI

=item *

GAIJI

=item *

GETA, GETA-MOJI, GETA-MARK

=item *

MOJIBAKE

=item *

DAMEMOJI

=item *

CHANTOSHITAMOJI

=item *

ZENKAKU(fullwidth)

=item *

HANKAKU(halfwidth)

=back

=head1 Differences and History between jcode.pl and JPerl

jcode.pl and JPerl are often confused because of their similar names.
However, these software have completely different purposes and functions.
jcode.pl converts the I/O encoding of Perl scripts, whereas JPerl does not convert the encoding at all.
JPerl is a modified Perl interpreter that allows you to write MBCS literals in Perl scripts.
This feature is not in jcode.pl.

=head2 General Model of Information Processing

The diagram below is a general model of information processing.

  +------------+     +--------------+     +-------------+
  |            |     |              |     |             |
  | INPUT data | ==> |   Program    | ==> | OUTPUT data |
  |            |     |              |     |             |
  +------------+     +--------------+     +-------------+

=head2 History of Supporting MBCS I/O on Perl

The members of jcode.pl, which converts the input/output encoding of Perl scripts, and their history are as follows.

=over 2

=item *

Since 1992, jcode.pl

=item *

Since 1999, Jcode.pm

=item *

Since 2002, Encode.pm

=item *

Since 2010, jacode.pl

=item *

Since 2018, Jacode4e.pm -- Jacode4e module

=item *

Since 2018, Jacode.pm -- Jacode module

=item *

Since 2018, Jacode4e/RoundTrip.pm -- Jacode4e::RoundTrip module

=back

  **************     +--------------+     ***************
  * MBCS       *     |   Perl       |     * MBCS        *
  * INPUT data * ==> |   script     | ==> * OUTPUT data *
  *            *     |              |     *             *
  **************     +--------------+     ***************
  by encoding-A                           by encoding-B

=head2 History of Supporting MBCS Literal in Perl Script

The members of JPerl, which enables MBCS literal in Perl scripts, and their history are as follows.

=over 2

=item *

Since 1993, JPerl -- Japanese and Japanized Perl

=item *

Since 2002, utf8.pm -- utf8 pragma

=item *

Since 2002, encoding.pm -- encoding pragma

=item *

Since 2008, Sjis.pm -- Sjis software

=item *

Since 2019, UTF8/R2.pm -- UTF8::R2 module

=item *

Since 2020, mb.pm -- mb.pm modulino

=back

  +------------+     ****************     +-------------+
  |            |     * Perl         *     |             |
  | INPUT data | ==> * script with  * ==> | OUTPUT data |
  |            |     * MBCS literal *     |             |
  +------------+     ****************     +-------------+
                     by encoding-C

=head1 Which US-ASCII code makes DAMEMOJI?

The following US-ASCII code makes DAMEMOJI of MBCS characters.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  hex   character as US-ASCII
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  40    [@]    sigil of array variable
  5B    [[]    regexp bracketed character class
  5C    [\]    backslashed escapes
  5D    []]    regexp bracketed character class
  5E    [^]    regexp true at beginning of string
  60    [`]    command execution
  7B    [{]    regexp quantifier
  7C    [|]    regexp alternation
  7D    [}]    regexp quantifier
  ------------------------------------------------------------------

=head1 MBCS Encodings supported by this software

The encodings supported by this software and their range of octets are as follows.

=head2 big5 (Big5)

  -------------------------------------
  1st       2nd
  -------------------------------------
  81..FE    00..FF
  00..7F
  -------------------------------------

L<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big5>

=over 2

=item *

needs multibyte anchoring

=item *

has CHANTOSHITAMOJI, unsafe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd octet

=item *

needs escaping meta char of 2nd octet

=item *

and DAMEMOJI samples, here

=back

  [@](40) 　(A140) ＼(A240) ｗ(A340) 一(A440) 世(A540) 共(A640) 作(A740) 杓(A840) 咖(A940) 昇(AA40) 陂(AB40) 拯(AC40) 耐(AD40) 哦(AE40) 浬(AF40) 虔(B040) 娼(B140) 毫(B240) 莆(B340) 婷(B440) 溉(B540) 詔(B640) 媳(B740) 睹(B840) 辟(B940) 愿(BA40) 罰(BB40) 劇(BC40) 瑾(BD40) 輥(BE40) 濃(BF40) 錐(C040) 瞧(C140) 駿(C240) 鞭(C340) 願(C440) 護(C540) 讖(C640) す(C740) 乂(C940) 汌(CA40) 杙(CB40) 坨(CC40) 泒(CD40) 哃(CE40) 柜(CF40) 穾(D040) 唊(D140) 毨(D240) 笄(D340) 酎(D440) 崰(D540) 淐(D640) 耞(D740) 釫(D840) 惲(D940) 湨(DA40) 罦(DB40) 軹(DC40) 媷(DD40) 毹(DE40) 稛(DF40) 觡(E040) 凘(E140) 榠(E240) 禗(E340) 裰(E440) 噚(E540) 澍(E640) 膞(E740) 踔(E840) 噳(E940) 澢(EA40) 蕀(EB40) 錋(EC40) 檕(ED40) 蕷(EE40) 鞞(EF40) 璸(F040) 蹛(F140) 徿(F240) 譑(F340) 嚵(F440) 鏼(F540) 蠩(F640) 糴(F740) 讌(F840) 纘(F940)
  [[](5B) ︴(A15B) 兞(A25B) Ω(A35B) 久(A45B) 加(A55B) 吆(A65B) 吝(A75B) 沍(A85B) 坤(A95B) 歧(AA5B) 俎(AB5B) 架(AC5B) 茉(AD5B) 娌(AE5B) 琉(AF5B) 豺(B05B) 崙(B15B) 涵(B25B) 訥(B35B) 廂(B45B) 琥(B55B) 跋(B65B) 愴(B75B) 稟(B85B) 鉀(B95B) 暨(BA5B) 蒜(BB5B) 墩(BC5B) 稼(BD5B) 閭(BE5B) 璟(BF5B) 頤(C05B) 繆(C15B) 攆(C25B) 鵠(C35B) 壤(C45B) 騾(C55B) 觀(C65B) ぴ(C75B) 夬(C95B) 伻(CA5B) 汥(CB5B) 岮(CC5B) 牪(CD5B) 垙(CE5B) 枮(CF5B) 胂(D05B) 娙(D15B) 浟(D25B) 罜(D35B) 倕(D45B) 惙(D55B) 焎(D65B) 莨(D75B) 偨(D85B) 揳(D95B) 烻(DA5B) 艵(DB5B) 鄅(DC5B) 幍(DD5B) 滃(DE5B) 絿(DF5B) 賌(E05B) 墁(E15B) 榞(E25B) 箙(E35B) 跽(E45B) 嬂(E55B) 潩(E65B) 蔈(E75B) 醅(E85B) 嬠(E95B) 獩(EA5B) 螛(EB5B) 頲(EC5B) 濨(ED5B) 蟅(EE5B) 駷(EF5B) 礐(F05B) 鎎(F15B) 氌(F25B) 辴(F35B) 瀼(F45B) 騴(F55B) 酄(F65B) 譿(F75B) 鱍(F85B) 鱮(F95B)
  [\](5C) ﹏(A15C) 兝(A25C) α(A35C) 么(A45C) 功(A55C) 吒(A65C) 吭(A75C) 沔(A85C) 坼(A95C) 歿(AA5C) 俞(AB5C) 枯(AC5C) 苒(AD5C) 娉(AE5C) 珮(AF5C) 豹(B05C) 崤(B15C) 淚(B25C) 許(B35C) 廄(B45C) 琵(B55C) 跚(B65C) 愧(B75C) 稞(B85C) 鈾(B95C) 暝(BA5C) 蓋(BB5C) 墦(BC5C) 穀(BD5C) 閱(BE5C) 璞(BF5C) 餐(C05C) 縷(C15C) 擺(C25C) 黠(C35C) 孀(C45C) 髏(C55C) 躡(C65C) ふ(C75C) 尐(C95C) 佢(CA5C) 汻(CB5C) 岤(CC5C) 狖(CD5C) 垥(CE5C) 柦(CF5C) 胐(D05C) 娖(D15C) 涂(D25C) 罡(D35C) 偅(D45C) 惝(D55C) 牾(D65C) 莍(D75C) 傜(D85C) 揊(D95C) 焮(DA5C) 茻(DB5C) 鄃(DC5C) 幋(DD5C) 滜(DE5C) 綅(DF5C) 赨(E05C) 塿(E15C) 槙(E25C) 箤(E35C) 踊(E45C) 嫹(E55C) 潿(E65C) 蔌(E75C) 醆(E85C) 嬞(E95C) 獦(EA5C) 螏(EB5C) 餤(EC5C) 燡(ED5C) 螰(EE5C) 駹(EF5C) 礒(F05C) 鎪(F15C) 瀙(F25C) 酀(F35C) 瀵(F45C) 騱(F55C) 酅(F65C) 贕(F75C) 鱋(F85C) 鱭(F95C)
  []](5D) （(A15D) 兡(A25D) β(A35D) 也(A45D) 包(A55D) 因(A65D) 吞(A75D) 沘(A85D) 夜(A95D) 氓(AA5D) 侷(AB5D) 柵(AC5D) 苗(AD5D) 孫(AE5D) 珠(AF5D) 財(B05D) 崧(B15D) 淫(B25D) 設(B35D) 弼(B45D) 琶(B55D) 跑(B65D) 愍(B75D) 窟(B85D) 鉛(B95D) 榜(BA5D) 蒸(BB5D) 奭(BC5D) 稽(BD5D) 霄(BE5D) 瓢(BF5D) 館(C05D) 縲(C15D) 擻(C25D) 鼕(C35D) 孃(C45D) 魔(C55D) 釁(C65D) ぶ(C75D) 巿(C95D) 佉(CA5D) 沎(CB5D) 岠(CC5D) 狋(CD5D) 垚(CE5D) 柛(CF5D) 胅(D05D) 娭(D15D) 涘(D25D) 罞(D35D) 偟(D45D) 惈(D55D) 牻(D65D) 荺(D75D) 傒(D85D) 揠(D95D) 焱(DA5D) 菏(DB5D) 酡(DC5D) 廅(DD5D) 滘(DE5D) 絺(DF5D) 赩(E05D) 塴(E15D) 榗(E25D) 箂(E35D) 踃(E45D) 嬁(E55D) 澕(E65D) 蓴(E75D) 醊(E85D) 寯(E95D) 獧(EA5D) 螗(EB5D) 餟(EC5D) 燱(ED5D) 螬(EE5D) 駸(EF5D) 礑(F05D) 鎞(F15D) 瀧(F25D) 鄿(F35D) 瀯(F45D) 騬(F55D) 醹(F65D) 躕(F75D) 鱕(F85D) 鸋(F95D)
  [^](5E) ）(A15E) 兣(A25E) γ(A35E) 乞(A45E) 匆(A55E) 回(A65E) 吾(A75E) 沂(A85E) 奉(A95E) 氛(AA5E) 兗(AB5E) 柩(AC5E) 英(AD5E) 屘(AE5E) 珪(AF5E) 貢(B05E) 崗(B15E) 淘(B25E) 訟(B35E) 彭(B45E) 琴(B55E) 跌(B65E) 愆(B75E) 窠(B85E) 鉋(B95E) 榨(BA5E) 蓀(BB5E) 嬉(BC5E) 稷(BD5E) 霆(BE5E) 甌(BF5E) 餞(C05E) 繃(C15E) 擷(C25E) 鼬(C35E) 孽(C45E) 魑(C55E) 鑲(C65E) ぷ(C75E) 旡(C95E) 体(CA5E) 灴(CB5E) 岵(CC5E) 狘(CD5E) 垕(CE5E) 柺(CF5E) 胣(D05E) 娮(D15E) 洯(D25E) 罠(D35E) 偩(D45E) 悱(D55E) 牼(D65E) 荳(D75E) 傂(D85E) 揶(D95E) 焣(DA5E) 菹(DB5E) 酤(DC5E) 廌(DD5E) 溙(DE5E) 綎(DF5E) 趑(E05E) 墋(E15E) 榐(E25E) 粻(E35E) 踇(E45E) 嬇(E55E) 潣(E65E) 蔪(E75E) 醁(E85E) 嶬(E95E) 獬(EA5E) 螓(EB5E) 餧(EC5E) 燨(ED5E) 螹(EE5E) 駶(EF5E) 禭(F05E) 鎦(F15E) 瀠(F25E) 醰(F35E) 瀷(F45E) 騪(F55E) 鐿(F65E) 躔(F75E) 鱙(F85E) 鸍(F95E)
  [`](60) ︶(A160) 瓩(A260) ε(A360) 亡(A460) 匝(A560) 圳(A660) 呎(A760) 灼(A860) 奈(A960) 注(AA60) 冑(AB60) 柄(AC60) 苜(AD60) 害(AE60) 畔(AF60) 躬(B060) 常(B160) 深(B260) 訢(B360) 循(B460) 琛(B560) 跆(B660) 戡(B760) 節(B860) 鉑(B960) 槁(BA60) 蒐(BB60) 嬋(BC60) 窯(BD60) 霉(BE60) 瘴(BF60) 餡(C060) 總(C160) 曜(C260) 嚥(C360) 巉(C460) 鰥(C560) 顱(C660) べ(C760) 毌(C960) 伾(CA60) 牣(CB60) 岨(CC60) 狜(CD60) 复(CE60) 柊(CF60) 胜(D060) 娏(D160) 涋(D260) 罛(D360) 偣(D460) 悷(D560) 猝(D660) 荴(D760) 兟(D860) 揲(D960) 焢(DA60) 菀(DB60) 酢(DC60) 廋(DD60) 溎(DE60) 綃(DF60) 趎(E060) 墇(E160) 榵(E260) 粼(E360) 踅(E460) 嬏(E560) 潪(E660) 蔕(E760) 醄(E860) 嶩(E960) 獫(EA60) 螈(EB60) 馞(EC60) 燤(ED60) 螼(EE60) 駽(EF60) 穟(F060) 鎈(F160) 瀫(F260) 鏞(F360) 瀱(F460) 騩(F560) 鐶(F660) 躒(F760) 鱎(F860) 鸏(F960)
  [{](7B) ﹃(A17B) ┐(A27B) ㄌ(A37B) 廾(A47B) 叻(A57B) 州(A67B) 坊(A77B) 肚(A87B) 宛(A97B) 泯(AA7B) 哂(AB7B) 洌(AC7B) 迦(AD7B) 徒(AE7B) 砸(AF7B) 閃(B07B) 惋(B17B) 現(B27B) 逢(B37B) 揩(B47B) 程(B57B) 閔(B67B) 暍(B77B) 腥(B87B) 頒(B97B) 漬(BA7B) 認(BB7B) 慮(BC7B) 緹(BD7B) 魷(BE7B) 篦(BF7B) 嚀(C07B) 臨(C17B) 璿(C27B) 爍(C37B) 糰(C47B) 瓤(C57B) 鬱(C67B) ァ(C77B) 忉(C97B) 吙(CA7B) 芅(CB7B) 怦(CC7B) 矼(CD7B) 峌(CE7B) 洑(CF7B) 苻(D07B) 彧(D17B) 烎(D27B) 荁(D37B) 唵(D47B) 捼(D57B) 畣(D67B) 虙(D77B) 喎(D87B) 斞(D97B) 琬(DA7B) 萑(DB7B) 閐(DC7B) 搒(DD7B) 煰(DE7B) 腞(DF7B) 輂(E07B) 嫨(E17B) 漻(E27B) 翢(E37B) 銠(E47B) 憱(E57B) 獛(E67B) 蔋(E77B) 鋞(E87B) 懆(E97B) 瞢(EA7B) 褬(EB7B) 鮒(EC7B) 瞫(ED7B) 覮(EE7B) 鴯(EF7B) 翸(F07B) 鞨(F17B) 矄(F27B) 霫(F37B) 礧(F47B) 鶒(F57B) 驄(F67B) 驌(F77B) 鼷(F87B) 鸔(F97B)
  [|](7C) ﹄(A17C) └(A27C) ㄍ(A37C) 弋(A47C) 四(A57C) 帆(A67C) 坑(A77C) 育(A87C) 尚(A97C) 泜(AA7C) 咽(AB7C) 洱(AC7C) 迢(AD7C) 徑(AE7C) 砝(AF7C) 院(B07C) 悴(B17C) 琍(B27C) 逖(B37C) 揉(B47C) 稅(B57C) 閏(B67C) 會(B77C) 腮(B87C) 頌(B97C) 漏(BA7C) 誡(BB7C) 慝(BC7C) 罵(BD7C) 魯(BE7C) 糕(BF7C) 嚐(C07C) 舉(C17C) 甕(C27C) 牘(C37C) 辮(C47C) 疊(C57C) 鸛(C67C) ア(C77C) 戉(C97C) 吜(CA7C) 芎(CB7C) 怙(CC7C) 矹(CD7C) 峗(CE7C) 洀(CF7C) 苶(D07C) 恝(D17C) 烡(D27C) 茦(D37C) 唰(D47C) 掤(D57C) 痎(D67C) 虖(D77C) 圌(D87C) 斮(D97C) 琰(DA7C) 萆(DB7C) 隇(DC7C) 搉(DD7C) 煟(DE7C) 腶(DF7C) 輋(E07C) 嫟(E17C) 漒(E27C) 翣(E37C) 銔(E47C) 憰(E57C) 獡(E67C) 蔙(E77C) 鋧(E87C) 懁(E97C) 瞣(EA7C) 褟(EB7C) 鮐(EC7C) 瞲(ED7C) 觲(EE7C) 鴱(EF7C) 聵(F07C) 鞫(F17C) 矱(F27C) 霬(F37C) 礨(F47C) 鶘(F57C) 驂(F67C) 驏(F77C) 鼶(F87C) 鸓(F97C)
  [}](7D) ﹙(A17D) ┘(A27D) ㄎ(A37D) 弓(A47D) 囚(A57D) 并(A67D) 址(A77D) 良(A87D) 屈(A97D) 泖(AA7D) 咪(AB7D) 洞(AC7D) 迪(AD7D) 徐(AE7D) 破(AF7D) 陣(B07D) 惦(B17D) 瓠(B27D) 逛(B37D) 揆(B47D) 稀(B57D) 開(B67D) 榔(B77D) 腳(B87D) 飼(B97D) 漂(BA7D) 誓(BB7D) 慕(BC7D) 罷(BD7D) 鴆(BE7D) 糖(BF7D) 嚅(C07D) 艱(C17D) 癖(C27D) 犢(C37D) 繽(C47D) 癮(C57D) 鸞(C67D) ィ(C77D) 扐(C97D) 吥(CA7D) 芑(CB7D) 怲(CC7D) 矻(CD7D) 峋(CE7D) 洝(CF7D) 苰(D07D) 恚(D17D) 牂(D27D) 茜(D37D) 啒(D47D) 挻(D57D) 痒(D67D) 蚿(D77D) 堩(D87D) 旐(D97D) 琫(DA7D) 菂(DB7D) 陾(DC7D) 搠(DD7D) 煐(DE7D) 腧(DF7D) 遒(E07D) 孷(E17D) 滭(E27D) 翥(E37D) 銪(E47D) 憢(E57D) 獚(E67D) 蔯(E77D) 鋑(E87D) 懌(E97D) 瞕(EA7D) 觱(EB7D) 魺(EC7D) 瞷(ED7D) 觳(EE7D) 鴸(EF7D) 臑(F07D) 鞤(F17D) 礝(F27D) 霨(F37D) 礤(F47D) 鶐(F57D) 驁(F67D) 驈(F77D) 齃(F87D) 黶(F97D)

=head2 big5hkscs (Big5-HKSCS)

  -------------------------------------
  1st       2nd
  -------------------------------------
  81..FE    00..FF
  00..7F
  -------------------------------------

L<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Supplementary_Character_Set>

=over 2

=item *

needs multibyte anchoring

=item *

has CHANTOSHITAMOJI, unsafe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd octet

=item *

needs escaping meta char of 2nd octet

=item *

and DAMEMOJI samples, here

=back

  [@](40) 倻(8C40) 蕋(8F40) 趩(9040) 媁(9340) 銉(9440) 桇(9640) 愌(9740) 䄉(9940) 鋣(9A40) 嵛(9C40) 籖(9F40) 　(A140) ＼(A240) ｗ(A340) 一(A440) 世(A540) 共(A640) 作(A740) 杓(A840) 咖(A940) 昇(AA40) 陂(AB40) 拯(AC40) 耐(AD40) 哦(AE40) 浬(AF40) 虔(B040) 娼(B140) 毫(B240) 莆(B340) 婷(B440) 溉(B540) 詔(B640) 媳(B740) 睹(B840) 辟(B940) 愿(BA40) 罰(BB40) 劇(BC40) 瑾(BD40) 輥(BE40) 濃(BF40) 錐(C040) 瞧(C140) 駿(C240) 鞭(C340) 願(C440) 護(C540) 讖(C640) す(C740) Л(C840) 乂(C940) 汌(CA40) 杙(CB40) 坨(CC40) 泒(CD40) 哃(CE40) 柜(CF40) 穾(D040) 唊(D140) 毨(D240) 笄(D340) 酎(D440) 崰(D540) 淐(D640) 耞(D740) 釫(D840) 惲(D940) 湨(DA40) 罦(DB40) 軹(DC40) 媷(DD40) 毹(DE40) 稛(DF40) 觡(E040) 凘(E140) 榠(E240) 禗(E340) 裰(E440) 噚(E540) 澍(E640) 膞(E740) 踔(E840) 噳(E940) 澢(EA40) 蕀(EB40) 錋(EC40) 檕(ED40) 蕷(EE40) 鞞(EF40) 璸(F040) 蹛(F140) 徿(F240) 譑(F340) 嚵(F440) 鏼(F540) 蠩(F640) 糴(F740) 讌(F840) 纘(F940) 廹(FC40) 鑂(FE40)
  [[](5B) É (885B) 团(895B) 撍(8A5B) 腭(8B5B) 冮(8C5B) 橗(8F5B) 迹(905B) 髠(915B) 㛓(935B) 釥(965B) 鋥(975B) 婮(985B) 䊔(995B) 靀(9A5B) 挵(9F5B) 惽(A05B) ︴(A15B) 兞(A25B) Ω(A35B) 久(A45B) 加(A55B) 吆(A65B) 吝(A75B) 沍(A85B) 坤(A95B) 歧(AA5B) 俎(AB5B) 架(AC5B) 茉(AD5B) 娌(AE5B) 琉(AF5B) 豺(B05B) 崙(B15B) 涵(B25B) 訥(B35B) 廂(B45B) 琥(B55B) 跋(B65B) 愴(B75B) 稟(B85B) 鉀(B95B) 暨(BA5B) 蒜(BB5B) 墩(BC5B) 稼(BD5B) 閭(BE5B) 璟(BF5B) 頤(C05B) 繆(C15B) 攆(C25B) 鵠(C35B) 壤(C45B) 騾(C55B) 觀(C65B) ぴ(C75B) ё(C85B) 夬(C95B) 伻(CA5B) 汥(CB5B) 岮(CC5B) 牪(CD5B) 垙(CE5B) 枮(CF5B) 胂(D05B) 娙(D15B) 浟(D25B) 罜(D35B) 倕(D45B) 惙(D55B) 焎(D65B) 莨(D75B) 偨(D85B) 揳(D95B) 烻(DA5B) 艵(DB5B) 鄅(DC5B) 幍(DD5B) 滃(DE5B) 絿(DF5B) 賌(E05B) 墁(E15B) 榞(E25B) 箙(E35B) 跽(E45B) 嬂(E55B) 潩(E65B) 蔈(E75B) 醅(E85B) 嬠(E95B) 獩(EA5B) 螛(EB5B) 頲(EC5B) 濨(ED5B) 蟅(EE5B) 駷(EF5B) 礐(F05B) 鎎(F15B) 氌(F25B) 辴(F35B) 瀼(F45B) 騴(F55B) 酄(F65B) 譿(F75B) 鱍(F85B) 鱮(F95B) 囯(FB5B) 玪(FE5B)
  [\](5C) Ě (885C) 声(895C) 蹾(8A5C) 胬(8B5C) 笋(8E5C) 蕚(8F5C) 髢(915C) 脪(935C) 䓀(965C) 珢(975C) 娫(985C) 糭(995C) 䨵(9A5C) 鞸(9B5C) 㘘(9C5C) 疱(9E5C) 髿(9F5C) 癧(A05C) ﹏(A15C) 兝(A25C) α(A35C) 么(A45C) 功(A55C) 吒(A65C) 吭(A75C) 沔(A85C) 坼(A95C) 歿(AA5C) 俞(AB5C) 枯(AC5C) 苒(AD5C) 娉(AE5C) 珮(AF5C) 豹(B05C) 崤(B15C) 淚(B25C) 許(B35C) 廄(B45C) 琵(B55C) 跚(B65C) 愧(B75C) 稞(B85C) 鈾(B95C) 暝(BA5C) 蓋(BB5C) 墦(BC5C) 穀(BD5C) 閱(BE5C) 璞(BF5C) 餐(C05C) 縷(C15C) 擺(C25C) 黠(C35C) 孀(C45C) 髏(C55C) 躡(C65C) ふ(C75C) ж(C85C) 尐(C95C) 佢(CA5C) 汻(CB5C) 岤(CC5C) 狖(CD5C) 垥(CE5C) 柦(CF5C) 胐(D05C) 娖(D15C) 涂(D25C) 罡(D35C) 偅(D45C) 惝(D55C) 牾(D65C) 莍(D75C) 傜(D85C) 揊(D95C) 焮(DA5C) 茻(DB5C) 鄃(DC5C) 幋(DD5C) 滜(DE5C) 綅(DF5C) 赨(E05C) 塿(E15C) 槙(E25C) 箤(E35C) 踊(E45C) 嫹(E55C) 潿(E65C) 蔌(E75C) 醆(E85C) 嬞(E95C) 獦(EA5C) 螏(EB5C) 餤(EC5C) 燡(ED5C) 螰(EE5C) 駹(EF5C) 礒(F05C) 鎪(F15C) 瀙(F25C) 酀(F35C) 瀵(F45C) 騱(F55C) 酅(F65C) 贕(F75C) 鱋(F85C) 鱭(F95C) 园(FB5C) 檝(FD5C)
  []](5D) È (885D) 处(895D) 尜(8B5D) 䀉(8C5D) 筕(8E5D) 㒖(8F5D) 哋(925D) 瑺(945D) 騟(955D) (965D) 㻩(975D) 输(995D) 鞲(9A5D) 襷(9C5D) 㷷(9D5D) 肶(9E5D) 篏(9F5D) 髗(A05D) （(A15D) 兡(A25D) β(A35D) 也(A45D) 包(A55D) 因(A65D) 吞(A75D) 沘(A85D) 夜(A95D) 氓(AA5D) 侷(AB5D) 柵(AC5D) 苗(AD5D) 孫(AE5D) 珠(AF5D) 財(B05D) 崧(B15D) 淫(B25D) 設(B35D) 弼(B45D) 琶(B55D) 跑(B65D) 愍(B75D) 窟(B85D) 鉛(B95D) 榜(BA5D) 蒸(BB5D) 奭(BC5D) 稽(BD5D) 霄(BE5D) 瓢(BF5D) 館(C05D) 縲(C15D) 擻(C25D) 鼕(C35D) 孃(C45D) 魔(C55D) 釁(C65D) ぶ(C75D) з(C85D) 巿(C95D) 佉(CA5D) 沎(CB5D) 岠(CC5D) 狋(CD5D) 垚(CE5D) 柛(CF5D) 胅(D05D) 娭(D15D) 涘(D25D) 罞(D35D) 偟(D45D) 惈(D55D) 牻(D65D) 荺(D75D) 傒(D85D) 揠(D95D) 焱(DA5D) 菏(DB5D) 酡(DC5D) 廅(DD5D) 滘(DE5D) 絺(DF5D) 赩(E05D) 塴(E15D) 榗(E25D) 箂(E35D) 踃(E45D) 嬁(E55D) 澕(E65D) 蓴(E75D) 醊(E85D) 寯(E95D) 獧(EA5D) 螗(EB5D) 餟(EC5D) 燱(ED5D) 螬(EE5D) 駸(EF5D) 礑(F05D) 鎞(F15D) 瀧(F25D) 鄿(F35D) 瀯(F45D) 騬(F55D) 醹(F65D) 躕(F75D) 鱕(F85D) 鸋(F95D) 㯳(FD5D)
  [^](5E) Ō (885E) 备(895E) 橣(8C5E) 笩(8E5E) 髴(915E) 嚞(925E) (965E) 璴(975E) 樫(985E) 烀(995E) 韂(9A5E) 顇(9B5E) 蠄(9E5E) 鬪(9F5E) 鵄(A05E) ）(A15E) 兣(A25E) γ(A35E) 乞(A45E) 匆(A55E) 回(A65E) 吾(A75E) 沂(A85E) 奉(A95E) 氛(AA5E) 兗(AB5E) 柩(AC5E) 英(AD5E) 屘(AE5E) 珪(AF5E) 貢(B05E) 崗(B15E) 淘(B25E) 訟(B35E) 彭(B45E) 琴(B55E) 跌(B65E) 愆(B75E) 窠(B85E) 鉋(B95E) 榨(BA5E) 蓀(BB5E) 嬉(BC5E) 稷(BD5E) 霆(BE5E) 甌(BF5E) 餞(C05E) 繃(C15E) 擷(C25E) 鼬(C35E) 孽(C45E) 魑(C55E) 鑲(C65E) ぷ(C75E) и(C85E) 旡(C95E) 体(CA5E) 灴(CB5E) 岵(CC5E) 狘(CD5E) 垕(CE5E) 柺(CF5E) 胣(D05E) 娮(D15E) 洯(D25E) 罠(D35E) 偩(D45E) 悱(D55E) 牼(D65E) 荳(D75E) 傂(D85E) 揶(D95E) 焣(DA5E) 菹(DB5E) 酤(DC5E) 廌(DD5E) 溙(DE5E) 綎(DF5E) 趑(E05E) 墋(E15E) 榐(E25E) 粻(E35E) 踇(E45E) 嬇(E55E) 潣(E65E) 蔪(E75E) 醁(E85E) 嶬(E95E) 獬(EA5E) 螓(EB5E) 餧(EC5E) 燨(ED5E) 螹(EE5E) 駶(EF5E) 禭(F05E) 鎦(F15E) 瀠(F25E) 醰(F35E) 瀷(F45E) 騪(F55E) 鐿(F65E) 躔(F75E) 鱙(F85E) 鸍(F95E) 㘣(FB5E) 釖(FC5E) 枱(FD5E) 珉(FE5E)
  [`](60) Ǒ(8860) 头(8960) 㞗(8B60) 䈣(8C60) 崾(8D60) 葘(8F60) 㦀(9060) 鬔(9160) 嚒(9260) 飜(9660) 総(9960) 䫤(9A60) 运(9D60) 裇(9E60) 鬮(9F60) 鮏(A060) ︶(A160) 瓩(A260) ε(A360) 亡(A460) 匝(A560) 圳(A660) 呎(A760) 灼(A860) 奈(A960) 注(AA60) 冑(AB60) 柄(AC60) 苜(AD60) 害(AE60) 畔(AF60) 躬(B060) 常(B160) 深(B260) 訢(B360) 循(B460) 琛(B560) 跆(B660) 戡(B760) 節(B860) 鉑(B960) 槁(BA60) 蒐(BB60) 嬋(BC60) 窯(BD60) 霉(BE60) 瘴(BF60) 餡(C060) 總(C160) 曜(C260) 嚥(C360) 巉(C460) 鰥(C560) 顱(C660) べ(C760) к(C860) 毌(C960) 伾(CA60) 牣(CB60) 岨(CC60) 狜(CD60) 复(CE60) 柊(CF60) 胜(D060) 娏(D160) 涋(D260) 罛(D360) 偣(D460) 悷(D560) 猝(D660) 荴(D760) 兟(D860) 揲(D960) 焢(DA60) 菀(DB60) 酢(DC60) 廋(DD60) 溎(DE60) 綃(DF60) 趎(E060) 墇(E160) 榵(E260) 粼(E360) 踅(E460) 嬏(E560) 潪(E660) 蔕(E760) 醄(E860) 嶩(E960) 獫(EA60) 螈(EB60) 馞(EC60) 燤(ED60) 螼(EE60) 駽(EF60) 穟(F060) 鎈(F160) 瀫(F260) 鏞(F360) 瀱(F460) 騩(F560) 鐶(F660) 躒(F760) 鱎(F860) 鸏(F960) 坆(FB60)
  [{](7B) ù (887B) 询(897B) 庙(8C7B) 拥(8D7B) 籴(8E7B) 蕳(8F7B) 鶃(917B) 塲(967B) 㬹(997B) 㝯(9A7B) 纇(9B7B) 画(9C7B) 䶜(9D7B) 饀(9F7B) ﹃(A17B) ┐(A27B) ㄌ(A37B) 廾(A47B) 叻(A57B) 州(A67B) 坊(A77B) 肚(A87B) 宛(A97B) 泯(AA7B) 哂(AB7B) 洌(AC7B) 迦(AD7B) 徒(AE7B) 砸(AF7B) 閃(B07B) 惋(B17B) 現(B27B) 逢(B37B) 揩(B47B) 程(B57B) 閔(B67B) 暍(B77B) 腥(B87B) 頒(B97B) 漬(BA7B) 認(BB7B) 慮(BC7B) 緹(BD7B) 魷(BE7B) 篦(BF7B) 嚀(C07B) 臨(C17B) 璿(C27B) 爍(C37B) 糰(C47B) 瓤(C57B) 鬱(C67B) ァ(C77B) 乚(C87B) 忉(C97B) 吙(CA7B) 芅(CB7B) 怦(CC7B) 矼(CD7B) 峌(CE7B) 洑(CF7B) 苻(D07B) 彧(D17B) 烎(D27B) 荁(D37B) 唵(D47B) 捼(D57B) 畣(D67B) 虙(D77B) 喎(D87B) 斞(D97B) 琬(DA7B) 萑(DB7B) 閐(DC7B) 搒(DD7B) 煰(DE7B) 腞(DF7B) 輂(E07B) 嫨(E17B) 漻(E27B) 翢(E37B) 銠(E47B) 憱(E57B) 獛(E67B) 蔋(E77B) 鋞(E87B) 懆(E97B) 瞢(EA7B) 褬(EB7B) 鮒(EC7B) 瞫(ED7B) 覮(EE7B) 鴯(EF7B) 翸(F07B) 鞨(F17B) 矄(F27B) 霫(F37B) 礧(F47B) 鶒(F57B) 驄(F67B) 驌(F77B) 鼷(F87B) 鸔(F97B) 够(FB7B) 樬(FE7B)
  [|](7C) ǖ(887C) 车(897C) 忂(8C7C) 挘(8D7C) 糳(8E7C) 䔖(8F7C) 諚(927C) 蠭(957C) (967C) 䤵(977C) 腖(997C) 补(9C7C) 鞺(9F7C) 捤(A07C) ﹄(A17C) └(A27C) ㄍ(A37C) 弋(A47C) 四(A57C) 帆(A67C) 坑(A77C) 育(A87C) 尚(A97C) 泜(AA7C) 咽(AB7C) 洱(AC7C) 迢(AD7C) 徑(AE7C) 砝(AF7C) 院(B07C) 悴(B17C) 琍(B27C) 逖(B37C) 揉(B47C) 稅(B57C) 閏(B67C) 會(B77C) 腮(B87C) 頌(B97C) 漏(BA7C) 誡(BB7C) 慝(BC7C) 罵(BD7C) 魯(BE7C) 糕(BF7C) 嚐(C07C) 舉(C17C) 甕(C27C) 牘(C37C) 辮(C47C) 疊(C57C) 鸛(C67C) ア(C77C) 戉(C97C) 吜(CA7C) 芎(CB7C) 怙(CC7C) 矹(CD7C) 峗(CE7C) 洀(CF7C) 苶(D07C) 恝(D17C) 烡(D27C) 茦(D37C) 唰(D47C) 掤(D57C) 痎(D67C) 虖(D77C) 圌(D87C) 斮(D97C) 琰(DA7C) 萆(DB7C) 隇(DC7C) 搉(DD7C) 煟(DE7C) 腶(DF7C) 輋(E07C) 嫟(E17C) 漒(E27C) 翣(E37C) 銔(E47C) 憰(E57C) 獡(E67C) 蔙(E77C) 鋧(E87C) 懁(E97C) 瞣(EA7C) 褟(EB7C) 鮐(EC7C) 瞲(ED7C) 觲(EE7C) 鴱(EF7C) 聵(F07C) 鞫(F17C) 矱(F27C) 霬(F37C) 礨(F47C) 鶘(F57C) 驂(F67C) 驏(F77C) 鼶(F87C) 鸓(F97C) 梦(FB7C) 憇(FC7C) 璂(FE7C)
  [}](7D) ǘ(887D) 轧(897D) 㧻(8A7D) 垜(8B7D) 㧸(8D7D) 糵(8E7D) 枿(8F7D) 鸎(917D) 堢(967D) 綤(987D) 腙(997D) 鵉(9A7D) 墵(9B7D) 达(9D7D) 匬(9F7D) 栂(A07D) ﹙(A17D) ┘(A27D) ㄎ(A37D) 弓(A47D) 囚(A57D) 并(A67D) 址(A77D) 良(A87D) 屈(A97D) 泖(AA7D) 咪(AB7D) 洞(AC7D) 迪(AD7D) 徐(AE7D) 破(AF7D) 陣(B07D) 惦(B17D) 瓠(B27D) 逛(B37D) 揆(B47D) 稀(B57D) 開(B67D) 榔(B77D) 腳(B87D) 飼(B97D) 漂(BA7D) 誓(BB7D) 慕(BC7D) 罷(BD7D) 鴆(BE7D) 糖(BF7D) 嚅(C07D) 艱(C17D) 癖(C27D) 犢(C37D) 繽(C47D) 癮(C57D) 鸞(C67D) ィ(C77D) 刂(C87D) 扐(C97D) 吥(CA7D) 芑(CB7D) 怲(CC7D) 矻(CD7D) 峋(CE7D) 洝(CF7D) 苰(D07D) 恚(D17D) 牂(D27D) 茜(D37D) 啒(D47D) 挻(D57D) 痒(D67D) 蚿(D77D) 堩(D87D) 旐(D97D) 琫(DA7D) 菂(DB7D) 陾(DC7D) 搠(DD7D) 煐(DE7D) 腧(DF7D) 遒(E07D) 孷(E17D) 滭(E27D) 翥(E37D) 銪(E47D) 憢(E57D) 獚(E67D) 蔯(E77D) 鋑(E87D) 懌(E97D) 瞕(EA7D) 觱(EB7D) 魺(EC7D) 瞷(ED7D) 觳(EE7D) 鴸(EF7D) 臑(F07D) 鞤(F17D) 礝(F27D) 霨(F37D) 礤(F47D) 鶐(F57D) 驁(F67D) 驈(F77D) 齃(F87D) 黶(F97D) 冲(FA7D) 㛃(FB7D) 宪(FC7D) 䥓(FE7D)

=head2 eucjp (EUC-JP)

  -------------------------------------
  1st       2nd
  -------------------------------------
  A1..FE    00..FF
  00..7F
  -------------------------------------

L<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_Unix_Code#EUC-JP>

=over 2

=item *

needs multibyte anchoring

=item *

needs no escaping meta char of 2nd octet

=item *

safe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd octet

=back

=head2 gb18030 (GB18030)

  -------------------------------------
  1st       2nd       3rd       4th
  -------------------------------------
  81..FE    30..39    81..FE    30..39
  81..FE    00..FF
  00..7F
  -------------------------------------

L<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GB_18030>

=over 2

=item *

needs multibyte anchoring

=item *

has CHANTOSHITAMOJI, unsafe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd-4th octet

=item *

needs escaping meta char of 2nd octet

=item *

and DAMEMOJI samples, here

=back

  [@](40) 丂(8140) 侤(8240) 傽(8340) 凘(8440) 匑(8540) 咢(8640) 嘆(8740) 園(8840) 堾(8940) 夽(8A40) 婡(8B40) 孈(8C40) 岪(8D40) 嶡(8E40) 廆(8F40) 怈(9040) 慇(9140) 扏(9240) 揁(9340) 擛(9440) 旲(9540) 朄(9640) 桜(9740) 楡(9840) 橜(9940) 欯(9A40) 汙(9B40) 淍(9C40) 滰(9D40) 濦(9E40) 烜(9F40) 燖(A040) ˊ(A840) 〡(A940) 狜(AA40) 獲(AB40) 珸(AC40) 瑻(AD40) 瓳(AE40) 疈(AF40) 癅(B040) 盄(B140) 睝(B240) 矦(B340) 碄(B440) 礍(B540) 禓(B640) 稝(B740) 窣(B840) 笯(B940) 篅(BA40) 籃(BB40) 粿(BC40) 紷(BD40) 継(BE40) 緻(BF40) 繞(C040) 罖(C140) 翤(C240) 聾(C340) 腀(C440) 臔(C540) 艪(C640) 茾(C740) 菮(C840) 葽(C940) 蔃(CA40) 薂(CB40) 藹(CC40) 虭(CD40) 蜙(CE40) 螥(CF40) 蠤(D040) 袬(D140) 褸(D240) 覢(D340) 訞(D440) 誁(D540) 諤(D640) 譆(D740) 谸(D840) 貮(D940) 贎(DA40) 跕(DB40) 蹳(DC40) 軥(DD40) 轅(DE40) 這(DF40) 郂(E040) 酅(E140) 釦(E240) 鉆(E340) 銨(E440) 錊(E540) 鍬(E640) 鏎(E740) 鐯(E840) 锧(E940) 闌(EA40) 隌(EB40) 霡(EC40) 鞞(ED40) 頏(EE40) 顯(EF40) 餈(F040) 馌(F140) 駺(F240) 驚(F340) 鬇(F440) 魼(F540) 鯜(F640) 鰼(F740) 鳣(F840) 鵃(F940) 鶣(FA40) 鸃(FB40) 麫(FC40) 鼲(FD40) 兀(FE40)
  [[](5B) 乕(815B) 俒(825B) 僛(835B) 刐(845B) 匸(855B) 哰(865B) 嘯(875B) 圼(885B) 塠(895B) 奫(8A5B) 媅(8B5B) 孾(8C5B) 峓(8D5B) 嶽(8E5B) 廩(8F5B) 怺(905B) 慬(915B) 抂(925B) 揫(935B) 擺(945B) 昜(955B) 朳(965B) 梉(975B) 榌(985B) 橻(995B) 歔(9A5B) 沎(9B5B) 淸(9C5B) 漑(9D5B) 瀃(9E5B) 焄(9F5B) 燵(A05B) ╗ (A85B) 猍(AA5B) 玔(AB5B) 琜(AC5B) 璠(AD5B) 甗(AE5B) 痆(AF5B) 癧(B05B) 盵(B15B) 瞇(B25B) 砙(B35B) 碵(B45B) 礫(B55B) 禰(B65B) 穂(B75B) 竅(B85B) 筟(B95B) 篬(BA5B) 籟(BB5B) 糩(BC5B) 絒(BD5B) 綶(BE5B) 縖(BF5B) 繹(C05B) 羀(C15B) 耓(C25B) 肹(C35B) 腫(C45B) 臶(C55B) 芠(C65B) 荹(C75B) 萚(C85B) 蒣(C95B) 蔥(CA5B) 薣(CB5B) 蘙(CC5B) 蚚(CD5B) 蝃(CE5B) 蟍(CF5B) 衃(D05B) 裑(D15B) 襕(D25B) 覽(D35B) 訹(D45B) 誟(D55B) 諿(D65B) 譡(D75B) 豙(D85B) 賉(D95B) 赱(DA5B) 踇(DB5B) 躘(DC5B) 輀(DD5B) 轠(DE5B) 遊(DF5B) 郲(E05B) 醄(E15B) 鈁(E25B) 鉡(E35B) 鋄(E45B) 錥(E55B) 鎇(E65B) 鏪(E75B) 鑋(E85B) 閇(E95B) 闧(EA5B) 隱(EB5B) 靃(EC5B) 韀(ED5B) 頪(EE5B) 颷(EF5B) 餥(F05B) 馵(F15B) 騕(F25B) 骩(F35B) 鬧(F45B) 鮗(F55B) 鯷(F65B) 鱗(F75B) 鳾(F85B) 鵞(F95B) 鶾(FA5B) 鸞(FB5B) 黐(FC5B) 齕(FD5B)
  [\](5C) 乗(815C) 俓(825C) 僜(835C) 刓(845C) 匼(855C) 哱(865C) 嘰(875C) 圽(885C) 塡(895C) 奬(8A5C) 媆(8B5C) 孿(8C5C) 峔(8D5C) 嶾(8E5C) 廫(8F5C) 怽(905C) 慭(915C) 抃(925C) 揬(935C) 擻(945C) 昞(955C) 朶(965C) 梊(975C) 榎(985C) 橽(995C) 歕(9A5C) 沑(9B5C) 淺(9C5C) 漒(9D5C) 瀄(9E5C) 焅(9F5C) 燶(A05C) ╘ (A85C) ‐(A95C) 猏(AA5C) 玕(AB5C) 琝(AC5C) 璡(AD5C) 甛(AE5C) 痋(AF5C) 癨(B05C) 盶(B15C) 瞈(B25C) 砛(B35C) 碶(B45C) 礬(B55C) 禱(B65C) 穃(B75C) 竆(B85C) 筡(B95C) 篭(BA5C) 籠(BB5C) 糪(BC5C) 絓(BD5C) 綷(BE5C) 縗(BF5C) 繺(C05C) 羂(C15C) 耚(C25C) 肻(C35C) 腬(C45C) 臷(C55C) 芢(C65C) 荺(C75C) 萛(C85C) 蒤(C95C) 蔦(CA5C) 薥(CB5C) 蘚(CC5C) 蚛(CD5C) 蝄(CE5C) 蟎(CF5C) 衆(D05C) 裓(D15C) 襖(D25C) 覾(D35C) 診(D45C) 誠(D55C) 謀(D65C) 譢(D75C) 豛(D85C) 賊(D95C) 赲(DA5C) 踈(DB5C) 躙(DC5C) 輁(DD5C) 轡(DE5C) 運(DF5C) 郳(E05C) 醆(E15C) 鈂(E25C) 鉢(E35C) 鋅(E45C) 錦(E55C) 鎈(E65C) 鏫(E75C) 鑌(E85C) 閈(E95C) 闬(EA5C) 隲(EB5C) 靄(EC5C) 韁(ED5C) 頫(EE5C) 颸(EF5C) 餦(F05C) 馶(F15C) 騖(F25C) 骪(F35C) 鬨(F45C) 鮘(F55C) 鯸(F65C) 鱘(F75C) 鳿(F85C) 鵟(F95C) 鶿(FA5C) 鸤(FB5C) 黒(FC5C) 齖(FD5C)
  []](5D) 乚(815D) 俔(825D) 僝(835D) 刔(845D) 匽(855D) 哴(865D) 嘳(875D) 圿(885D) 塢(895D) 奭(8A5D) 媇(8B5D) 宂(8C5D) 峕(8D5D) 嶿(8E5D) 廬(8F5D) 怾(905D) 慮(915D) 抅(925D) 揮(935D) 擼(945D) 昡(955D) 朷(965D) 梋(975D) 榏(985D) 橾(995D) 歖(9A5D) 沒(9B5D) 淽(9C5D) 漖(9D5D) 瀅(9E5D) 焆(9F5D) 燷(A05D) ╙ (A85D) 猐(AA5D) 玗(AB5D) 琞(AC5D) 璢(AD5D) 甝(AE5D) 痌(AF5D) 癩(B05D) 盷(B15D) 瞉(B25D) 砞(B35D) 碷(B45D) 礭(B55D) 禲(B65D) 穄(B75D) 竇(B85D) 筣(B95D) 篯(BA5D) 籡(BB5D) 糫(BC5D) 絔(BD5D) 綸(BE5D) 縘(BF5D) 繻(C05D) 羃(C15D) 耛(C25D) 胅(C35D) 腯(C45D) 臸(C55D) 芣(C65D) 荾(C75D) 萞(C85D) 蒥(C95D) 蔧(CA5D) 薦(CB5D) 蘛(CC5D) 蚞(CD5D) 蝅(CE5D) 蟏(CF5D) 衇(D05D) 裖(D15D) 襗(D25D) 覿(D35D) 註(D45D) 誡(D55D) 謁(D65D) 譣(D75D) 豜(D85D) 賋(D95D) 赸(DA5D) 踋(DB5D) 躚(DC5D) 輂(DD5D) 轢(DE5D) 遌(DF5D) 郵(E05D) 醈(E15D) 鈃(E25D) 鉣(E35D) 鋆(E45D) 錧(E55D) 鎉(E65D) 鏬(E75D) 鑍(E85D) 閉(E95D) 闿(EA5D) 隴(EB5D) 靅(EC5D) 韂(ED5D) 頬(EE5D) 颹(EF5D) 餧(F05D) 馷(F15D) 騗(F25D) 骫(F35D) 鬩(F45D) 鮙(F55D) 鯹(F65D) 鱙(F75D) 鴀(F85D) 鵠(F95D) 鷀(FA5D) 鸧(FB5D) 黓(FC5D) 齗(FD5D)
  [^](5E) 乛(815E) 俕(825E) 僞(835E) 刕(845E) 區(855E) 哵(865E) 嘵(875E) 坁(885E) 塣(895E) 奮(8A5E) 媈(8B5E) 宆(8C5E) 峖(8D5E) 巀(8E5E) 廭(8F5E) 恀(905E) 慯(915E) 抆(925E) 揯(935E) 擽(945E) 昢(955E) 朸(965E) 梌(975E) 榐(985E) 橿(995E) 歗(9A5E) 沕(9B5E) 淾(9C5E) 漗(9D5E) 瀆(9E5E) 焇(9F5E) 燸(A05E) ╚ (A85E) 猑(AA5E) 玘(AB5E) 琟(AC5E) 璣(AD5E) 甞(AE5E) 痎(AF5E) 癪(B05E) 盺(B15E) 瞊(B25E) 砠(B35E) 碸(B45E) 礮(B55E) 禴(B65E) 穅(B75E) 竈(B85E) 筤(B95E) 篰(BA5E) 籢(BB5E) 糬(BC5E) 絕(BD5E) 綹(BE5E) 縙(BF5E) 繼(C05E) 羄(C15E) 耝(C25E) 胇(C35E) 腲(C45E) 臹(C55E) 芧(C65E) 荿(C75E) 萟(C85E) 蒦(C95E) 蔨(CA5E) 薧(CB5E) 蘜(CC5E) 蚟(CD5E) 蝆(CE5E) 蟐(CF5E) 衈(D05E) 裗(D15E) 襘(D25E) 觀(D35E) 証(D45E) 誢(D55E) 謂(D65E) 譤(D75E) 豝(D85E) 賌(D95E) 赹(DA5E) 踍(DB5E) 躛(DC5E) 較(DD5E) 轣(DE5E) 過(DF5E) 郶(E05E) 醊(E15E) 鈄(E25E) 鉤(E35E) 鋇(E45E) 錨(E55E) 鎊(E65E) 鏭(E75E) 鑎(E85E) 閊(E95E) 阇(EA5E) 隵(EB5E) 靆(EC5E) 韃(ED5E) 頭(EE5E) 颺(EF5E) 館(F05E) 馸(F15E) 騘(F25E) 骬(F35E) 鬪(F45E) 鮚(F55E) 鯺(F65E) 鱚(F75E) 鴁(F85E) 鵡(F95E) 鷁(FA5E) 鸮(FB5E) 黕(FC5E) 齘(FD5E)
  [`](60) 乣(8160) 俙(8260) 僠(8360) 刞(8460) 卄(8560) 哷(8660) 嘸(8760) 坄(8860) 塦(8960) 奰(8A60) 媊(8B60) 宍(8C60) 峘(8D60) 巂(8E60) 廯(8F60) 恅(9060) 慲(9160) 抈(9260) 揱(9360) 擿(9460) 昤(9560) 朻(9660) 梎(9760) 榒(9860) 檂(9960) 歚(9A60) 沗(9B60) 渀(9C60) 漙(9D60) 瀈(9E60) 焋(9F60) 燻(A060) ╜ (A860) ー(A960) 猔(AA60) 玚(AB60) 琡(AC60) 璥(AD60) 甡(AE60) 痐(AF60) 癭(B060) 盽(B160) 瞏(B260) 砢(B360) 碻(B460) 礰(B560) 禶(B660) 穈(B760) 竊(B860) 筦(B960) 篳(BA60) 籤(BB60) 糮(BC60) 絗(BD60) 綻(BE60) 縛(BF60) 繾(C060) 羆(C160) 耟(C260) 胉(C360) 腵(C460) 臽(C560) 芵(C660) 莁(C760) 萡(C860) 蒨(C960) 蔪(CA60) 薫(CB60) 蘞(CC60) 蚡(CD60) 蝋(CE60) 蟕(CF60) 衊(D060) 裛(D160) 襚(D260) 觍(D360) 訿(D460) 誤(D560) 謄(D660) 譧(D760) 豟(D860) 賎(D960) 赻(DA60) 踐(DB60) 躟(DC60) 輅(DD60) 轥(DE60) 違(DF60) 郹(E060) 醏(E160) 鈆(E260) 鉦(E360) 鋊(E460) 錪(E560) 鎌(E660) 鏯(E760) 鑐(E860) 閌(E960) 阘(EA60) 隸(EB60) 靈(EC60) 韅(ED60) 頯(EE60) 颼(EF60) 餪(F060) 馺(F160) 騚(F260) 骮(F360) 鬬(F460) 鮜(F560) 鯼(F660) 鱜(F760) 鴃(F860) 鵣(F960) 鷃(FA60) 鸴(FB60) 黗(FC60) 齚(FD60)
  [{](7B) 亄(817B) 倇(827B) 儃(837B) 剓(847B) 厈(857B) 唟(867B) 噞(877B) 坽(887B) 墈(897B) 妠(8A7B) 媨(8B7B) 寋(8C7B) 峽(8D7B) 巤(8E7B) 弡(8F7B) 恵(907B) 憑(917B) 抺(927B) 搟(937B) 攞(947B) 晎(957B) 杮(967B) 梴(977B) 榹(987B) 檣(997B) 歿(9A7B) 泏(9B7B) 渰(9C7B) 漿(9D7B) 瀧(9E7B) 焮(9F7B) 爗(A07B) ▄ (A87B) ﹞(A97B) 獅(AA7B) 珄(AB7B) 瑊(AC7B) 瓄(AD7B) 畕(AE7B) 瘂(AF7B) 皗(B07B) 眥(B17B) 瞷(B27B) 硔(B37B) 磠(B47B) 祘(B57B) 秢(B67B) 穥(B77B) 竰(B87B) 箋(B97B) 簕(BA7B) 粄(BB7B) 納(BC7B) 絳(BD7B) 緖(BE7B) 縶(BF7B) 纚(C07B) 羬(C17B) 聓(C27B) 脅(C37B) 膡(C47B) 舺(C57B) 苳(C67B) 莧(C77B) 葅(C87B) 蓒(C97B) 蕒(CA7B) 藍(CB7B) 蘽(CC7B) 蛖(CD7B) 蝱(CE7B) 蟵(CF7B) 衶(D07B) 褅(D17B) 襸(D27B) 觷(D37B) 詛(D47B) 調(D57B) 謠(D67B) 讃(D77B) 貃(D87B) 賩(D97B) 趝(DA7B) 踸(DB7B) 躿(DC7B) 輠(DD7B) 辿(DE7B) 遻(DF7B) 鄘(E07B) 醷(E17B) 鈡(E27B) 銂(E37B) 鋥(E47B) 鍆(E57B) 鎨(E67B) 鐊(E77B) 鑬(E87B) 閧(E97B) 陒(EA7B) 雥(EB7B) 靮(EC7B) 韠(ED7B) 顊(EE7B) 飡(EF7B) 饆(F07B) 駕(F17B) 騵(F27B) 髙(F37B) 魗(F47B) 鮷(F57B) 鰗(F67B) 鱷(F77B) 鴞(F87B) 鵾(F97B) 鷞(FA7B) 鹻(FB7B) 鼂(FC7B) 齵(FD7B)
  [|](7C) 亅(817C) 倈(827C) 億(837C) 剕(847C) 厊(857C) 唡(867C) 噟(877C) 坾(887C) 墊(897C) 妡(8A7C) 媩(8B7C) 寍(8C7C) 峾(8D7C) 巪(8E7C) 弢(8F7C) 恷(907C) 憒(917C) 抾(927C) 搢(937C) 攟(947C) 晐(957C) 東(967C) 梶(977C) 榺(987C) 檤(997C) 殀(9A7C) 泑(9B7C) 渱(9C7C) 潀(9D7C) 瀨(9E7C) 焲(9F7C) 爘(A07C) ▅ (A87C) ﹟(A97C) 獆(AA7C) 珅(AB7C) 瑋(AC7C) 瓅(AD7C) 畖(AE7C) 瘄(AF7C) 皘(B07C) 眧(B17C) 瞸(B27C) 硘(B37C) 磡(B47C) 祙(B57C) 秥(B67C) 穦(B77C) 竱(B87C) 箌(B97C) 簗(BA7C) 粅(BB7C) 紎(BC7C) 絴(BD7C) 緗(BE7C) 縷(BF7C) 纜(C07C) 羭(C17C) 聕(C27C) 脇(C37C) 膢(C47C) 舼(C57C) 苵(C67C) 莬(C77C) 葇(C87C) 蓔(C97C) 蕓(CA7C) 藎(CB7C) 蘾(CC7C) 蛗(CD7C) 蝲(CE7C) 蟶(CF7C) 衸(D07C) 褆(D17C) 襹(D27C) 觸(D37C) 詜(D47C) 諀(D57C) 謡(D67C) 讄(D77C) 貄(D87C) 質(D97C) 趞(DA7C) 踻(DB7C) 軀(DC7C) 輡(DD7C) 迀(DE7C) 遼(DF7C) 鄚(E07C) 醸(E17C) 鈢(E27C) 銃(E37C) 鋦(E47C) 鍇(E57C) 鎩(E67C) 鐋(E77C) 鑭(E87C) 閨(E97C) 陓(EA7C) 雦(EB7C) 靯(EC7C) 韡(ED7C) 顋(EE7C) 飢(EF7C) 饇(F07C) 駖(F17C) 騶(F27C) 髚(F37C) 魘(F47C) 鮸(F57C) 鰘(F67C) 鱸(F77C) 鴟(F87C) 鵿(F97C) 鷟(FA7C) 鹼(FB7C) 鼃(FC7C) 齶(FD7C)
  [}](7D) 亇(817D) 倉(827D) 儅(837D) 剗(847D) 厎(857D) 唥(867D) 噠(877D) 坿(887D) 墋(897D) 妢(8A7D) 媫(8B7D) 寎(8C7D) 峿(8D7D) 巬(8E7D) 弣(8F7D) 恾(907D) 憓(917D) 拀(927D) 搣(937D) 攠(947D) 晑(957D) 杴(967D) 梷(977D) 榼(987D) 檥(997D) 殅(9A7D) 泒(9B7D) 渳(9C7D) 潁(9D7D) 瀩(9E7D) 焳(9F7D) 爙(A07D) ▆ (A87D) ﹠(A97D) 獇(AA7D) 珆(AB7D) 瑌(AC7D) 瓆(AD7D) 畗(AE7D) 瘆(AF7D) 皚(B07D) 眪(B17D) 瞹(B27D) 硙(B37D) 磢(B47D) 祡(B57D) 秨(B67D) 穧(B77D) 竲(B87D) 箎(B97D) 簘(BA7D) 粆(BB7D) 紏(BC7D) 絵(BD7D) 緘(BE7D) 縸(BF7D) 纝(C07D) 羮(C17D) 聖(C27D) 脈(C37D) 膤(C47D) 舽(C57D) 苶(C67D) 莭(C77D) 葈(C87D) 蓕(C97D) 蕔(CA7D) 藑(CB7D) 蘿(CC7D) 蛚(CD7D) 蝳(CE7D) 蟷(CF7D) 衹(D07D) 複(D17D) 襺(D27D) 觹(D37D) 詝(D47D) 諁(D57D) 謢(D67D) 讅(D77D) 貆(D87D) 賫(D97D) 趠(DA7D) 踼(DB7D) 軁(DC7D) 輢(DD7D) 迃(DE7D) 遾(DF7D) 鄛(E07D) 醹(E17D) 鈣(E27D) 銄(E37D) 鋧(E47D) 鍈(E57D) 鎪(E67D) 鐌(E77D) 鑮(E87D) 閩(E97D) 陖(EA7D) 雧(EB7D) 靰(EC7D) 韢(ED7D) 題(EE7D) 飣(EF7D) 饈(F07D) 駗(F17D) 騷(F27D) 髛(F37D) 魙(F47D) 鮹(F57D) 鰙(F67D) 鱹(F77D) 鴠(F87D) 鶀(F97D) 鷠(FA7D) 鹽(FB7D) 鼄(FC7D) 齷(FD7D)

=head2 gbk (GBK)

  -------------------------------------
  1st       2nd
  -------------------------------------
  81..FE    00..FF
  00..7F
  -------------------------------------

L<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBK_(character_encoding)>

=over 2

=item *

needs multibyte anchoring

=item *

has CHANTOSHITAMOJI, unsafe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd octet

=item *

needs escaping meta char of 2nd octet

=item *

and DAMEMOJI samples, here

=back

  [@](40) 丂(8140) 侤(8240) 傽(8340) 凘(8440) 匑(8540) 咢(8640) 嘆(8740) 園(8840) 堾(8940) 夽(8A40) 婡(8B40) 孈(8C40) 岪(8D40) 嶡(8E40) 廆(8F40) 怈(9040) 慇(9140) 扏(9240) 揁(9340) 擛(9440) 旲(9540) 朄(9640) 桜(9740) 楡(9840) 橜(9940) 欯(9A40) 汙(9B40) 淍(9C40) 滰(9D40) 濦(9E40) 烜(9F40) 燖(A040) ˊ(A840) 〡(A940) 狜(AA40) 獲(AB40) 珸(AC40) 瑻(AD40) 瓳(AE40) 疈(AF40) 癅(B040) 盄(B140) 睝(B240) 矦(B340) 碄(B440) 礍(B540) 禓(B640) 稝(B740) 窣(B840) 笯(B940) 篅(BA40) 籃(BB40) 粿(BC40) 紷(BD40) 継(BE40) 緻(BF40) 繞(C040) 罖(C140) 翤(C240) 聾(C340) 腀(C440) 臔(C540) 艪(C640) 茾(C740) 菮(C840) 葽(C940) 蔃(CA40) 薂(CB40) 藹(CC40) 虭(CD40) 蜙(CE40) 螥(CF40) 蠤(D040) 袬(D140) 褸(D240) 覢(D340) 訞(D440) 誁(D540) 諤(D640) 譆(D740) 谸(D840) 貮(D940) 贎(DA40) 跕(DB40) 蹳(DC40) 軥(DD40) 轅(DE40) 這(DF40) 郂(E040) 酅(E140) 釦(E240) 鉆(E340) 銨(E440) 錊(E540) 鍬(E640) 鏎(E740) 鐯(E840) 锧(E940) 闌(EA40) 隌(EB40) 霡(EC40) 鞞(ED40) 頏(EE40) 顯(EF40) 餈(F040) 馌(F140) 駺(F240) 驚(F340) 鬇(F440) 魼(F540) 鯜(F640) 鰼(F740) 鳣(F840) 鵃(F940) 鶣(FA40) 鸃(FB40) 麫(FC40) 鼲(FD40) 兀(FE40)
  [[](5B) 乕(815B) 俒(825B) 僛(835B) 刐(845B) 匸(855B) 哰(865B) 嘯(875B) 圼(885B) 塠(895B) 奫(8A5B) 媅(8B5B) 孾(8C5B) 峓(8D5B) 嶽(8E5B) 廩(8F5B) 怺(905B) 慬(915B) 抂(925B) 揫(935B) 擺(945B) 昜(955B) 朳(965B) 梉(975B) 榌(985B) 橻(995B) 歔(9A5B) 沎(9B5B) 淸(9C5B) 漑(9D5B) 瀃(9E5B) 焄(9F5B) 燵(A05B) ╗ (A85B) 猍(AA5B) 玔(AB5B) 琜(AC5B) 璠(AD5B) 甗(AE5B) 痆(AF5B) 癧(B05B) 盵(B15B) 瞇(B25B) 砙(B35B) 碵(B45B) 礫(B55B) 禰(B65B) 穂(B75B) 竅(B85B) 筟(B95B) 篬(BA5B) 籟(BB5B) 糩(BC5B) 絒(BD5B) 綶(BE5B) 縖(BF5B) 繹(C05B) 羀(C15B) 耓(C25B) 肹(C35B) 腫(C45B) 臶(C55B) 芠(C65B) 荹(C75B) 萚(C85B) 蒣(C95B) 蔥(CA5B) 薣(CB5B) 蘙(CC5B) 蚚(CD5B) 蝃(CE5B) 蟍(CF5B) 衃(D05B) 裑(D15B) 襕(D25B) 覽(D35B) 訹(D45B) 誟(D55B) 諿(D65B) 譡(D75B) 豙(D85B) 賉(D95B) 赱(DA5B) 踇(DB5B) 躘(DC5B) 輀(DD5B) 轠(DE5B) 遊(DF5B) 郲(E05B) 醄(E15B) 鈁(E25B) 鉡(E35B) 鋄(E45B) 錥(E55B) 鎇(E65B) 鏪(E75B) 鑋(E85B) 閇(E95B) 闧(EA5B) 隱(EB5B) 靃(EC5B) 韀(ED5B) 頪(EE5B) 颷(EF5B) 餥(F05B) 馵(F15B) 騕(F25B) 骩(F35B) 鬧(F45B) 鮗(F55B) 鯷(F65B) 鱗(F75B) 鳾(F85B) 鵞(F95B) 鶾(FA5B) 鸞(FB5B) 黐(FC5B) 齕(FD5B)
  [\](5C) 乗(815C) 俓(825C) 僜(835C) 刓(845C) 匼(855C) 哱(865C) 嘰(875C) 圽(885C) 塡(895C) 奬(8A5C) 媆(8B5C) 孿(8C5C) 峔(8D5C) 嶾(8E5C) 廫(8F5C) 怽(905C) 慭(915C) 抃(925C) 揬(935C) 擻(945C) 昞(955C) 朶(965C) 梊(975C) 榎(985C) 橽(995C) 歕(9A5C) 沑(9B5C) 淺(9C5C) 漒(9D5C) 瀄(9E5C) 焅(9F5C) 燶(A05C) ╘ (A85C) ‐(A95C) 猏(AA5C) 玕(AB5C) 琝(AC5C) 璡(AD5C) 甛(AE5C) 痋(AF5C) 癨(B05C) 盶(B15C) 瞈(B25C) 砛(B35C) 碶(B45C) 礬(B55C) 禱(B65C) 穃(B75C) 竆(B85C) 筡(B95C) 篭(BA5C) 籠(BB5C) 糪(BC5C) 絓(BD5C) 綷(BE5C) 縗(BF5C) 繺(C05C) 羂(C15C) 耚(C25C) 肻(C35C) 腬(C45C) 臷(C55C) 芢(C65C) 荺(C75C) 萛(C85C) 蒤(C95C) 蔦(CA5C) 薥(CB5C) 蘚(CC5C) 蚛(CD5C) 蝄(CE5C) 蟎(CF5C) 衆(D05C) 裓(D15C) 襖(D25C) 覾(D35C) 診(D45C) 誠(D55C) 謀(D65C) 譢(D75C) 豛(D85C) 賊(D95C) 赲(DA5C) 踈(DB5C) 躙(DC5C) 輁(DD5C) 轡(DE5C) 運(DF5C) 郳(E05C) 醆(E15C) 鈂(E25C) 鉢(E35C) 鋅(E45C) 錦(E55C) 鎈(E65C) 鏫(E75C) 鑌(E85C) 閈(E95C) 闬(EA5C) 隲(EB5C) 靄(EC5C) 韁(ED5C) 頫(EE5C) 颸(EF5C) 餦(F05C) 馶(F15C) 騖(F25C) 骪(F35C) 鬨(F45C) 鮘(F55C) 鯸(F65C) 鱘(F75C) 鳿(F85C) 鵟(F95C) 鶿(FA5C) 鸤(FB5C) 黒(FC5C) 齖(FD5C)
  []](5D) 乚(815D) 俔(825D) 僝(835D) 刔(845D) 匽(855D) 哴(865D) 嘳(875D) 圿(885D) 塢(895D) 奭(8A5D) 媇(8B5D) 宂(8C5D) 峕(8D5D) 嶿(8E5D) 廬(8F5D) 怾(905D) 慮(915D) 抅(925D) 揮(935D) 擼(945D) 昡(955D) 朷(965D) 梋(975D) 榏(985D) 橾(995D) 歖(9A5D) 沒(9B5D) 淽(9C5D) 漖(9D5D) 瀅(9E5D) 焆(9F5D) 燷(A05D) ╙ (A85D) 猐(AA5D) 玗(AB5D) 琞(AC5D) 璢(AD5D) 甝(AE5D) 痌(AF5D) 癩(B05D) 盷(B15D) 瞉(B25D) 砞(B35D) 碷(B45D) 礭(B55D) 禲(B65D) 穄(B75D) 竇(B85D) 筣(B95D) 篯(BA5D) 籡(BB5D) 糫(BC5D) 絔(BD5D) 綸(BE5D) 縘(BF5D) 繻(C05D) 羃(C15D) 耛(C25D) 胅(C35D) 腯(C45D) 臸(C55D) 芣(C65D) 荾(C75D) 萞(C85D) 蒥(C95D) 蔧(CA5D) 薦(CB5D) 蘛(CC5D) 蚞(CD5D) 蝅(CE5D) 蟏(CF5D) 衇(D05D) 裖(D15D) 襗(D25D) 覿(D35D) 註(D45D) 誡(D55D) 謁(D65D) 譣(D75D) 豜(D85D) 賋(D95D) 赸(DA5D) 踋(DB5D) 躚(DC5D) 輂(DD5D) 轢(DE5D) 遌(DF5D) 郵(E05D) 醈(E15D) 鈃(E25D) 鉣(E35D) 鋆(E45D) 錧(E55D) 鎉(E65D) 鏬(E75D) 鑍(E85D) 閉(E95D) 闿(EA5D) 隴(EB5D) 靅(EC5D) 韂(ED5D) 頬(EE5D) 颹(EF5D) 餧(F05D) 馷(F15D) 騗(F25D) 骫(F35D) 鬩(F45D) 鮙(F55D) 鯹(F65D) 鱙(F75D) 鴀(F85D) 鵠(F95D) 鷀(FA5D) 鸧(FB5D) 黓(FC5D) 齗(FD5D)
  [^](5E) 乛(815E) 俕(825E) 僞(835E) 刕(845E) 區(855E) 哵(865E) 嘵(875E) 坁(885E) 塣(895E) 奮(8A5E) 媈(8B5E) 宆(8C5E) 峖(8D5E) 巀(8E5E) 廭(8F5E) 恀(905E) 慯(915E) 抆(925E) 揯(935E) 擽(945E) 昢(955E) 朸(965E) 梌(975E) 榐(985E) 橿(995E) 歗(9A5E) 沕(9B5E) 淾(9C5E) 漗(9D5E) 瀆(9E5E) 焇(9F5E) 燸(A05E) ╚ (A85E) 猑(AA5E) 玘(AB5E) 琟(AC5E) 璣(AD5E) 甞(AE5E) 痎(AF5E) 癪(B05E) 盺(B15E) 瞊(B25E) 砠(B35E) 碸(B45E) 礮(B55E) 禴(B65E) 穅(B75E) 竈(B85E) 筤(B95E) 篰(BA5E) 籢(BB5E) 糬(BC5E) 絕(BD5E) 綹(BE5E) 縙(BF5E) 繼(C05E) 羄(C15E) 耝(C25E) 胇(C35E) 腲(C45E) 臹(C55E) 芧(C65E) 荿(C75E) 萟(C85E) 蒦(C95E) 蔨(CA5E) 薧(CB5E) 蘜(CC5E) 蚟(CD5E) 蝆(CE5E) 蟐(CF5E) 衈(D05E) 裗(D15E) 襘(D25E) 觀(D35E) 証(D45E) 誢(D55E) 謂(D65E) 譤(D75E) 豝(D85E) 賌(D95E) 赹(DA5E) 踍(DB5E) 躛(DC5E) 較(DD5E) 轣(DE5E) 過(DF5E) 郶(E05E) 醊(E15E) 鈄(E25E) 鉤(E35E) 鋇(E45E) 錨(E55E) 鎊(E65E) 鏭(E75E) 鑎(E85E) 閊(E95E) 阇(EA5E) 隵(EB5E) 靆(EC5E) 韃(ED5E) 頭(EE5E) 颺(EF5E) 館(F05E) 馸(F15E) 騘(F25E) 骬(F35E) 鬪(F45E) 鮚(F55E) 鯺(F65E) 鱚(F75E) 鴁(F85E) 鵡(F95E) 鷁(FA5E) 鸮(FB5E) 黕(FC5E) 齘(FD5E)
  [`](60) 乣(8160) 俙(8260) 僠(8360) 刞(8460) 卄(8560) 哷(8660) 嘸(8760) 坄(8860) 塦(8960) 奰(8A60) 媊(8B60) 宍(8C60) 峘(8D60) 巂(8E60) 廯(8F60) 恅(9060) 慲(9160) 抈(9260) 揱(9360) 擿(9460) 昤(9560) 朻(9660) 梎(9760) 榒(9860) 檂(9960) 歚(9A60) 沗(9B60) 渀(9C60) 漙(9D60) 瀈(9E60) 焋(9F60) 燻(A060) ╜ (A860) ー(A960) 猔(AA60) 玚(AB60) 琡(AC60) 璥(AD60) 甡(AE60) 痐(AF60) 癭(B060) 盽(B160) 瞏(B260) 砢(B360) 碻(B460) 礰(B560) 禶(B660) 穈(B760) 竊(B860) 筦(B960) 篳(BA60) 籤(BB60) 糮(BC60) 絗(BD60) 綻(BE60) 縛(BF60) 繾(C060) 羆(C160) 耟(C260) 胉(C360) 腵(C460) 臽(C560) 芵(C660) 莁(C760) 萡(C860) 蒨(C960) 蔪(CA60) 薫(CB60) 蘞(CC60) 蚡(CD60) 蝋(CE60) 蟕(CF60) 衊(D060) 裛(D160) 襚(D260) 觍(D360) 訿(D460) 誤(D560) 謄(D660) 譧(D760) 豟(D860) 賎(D960) 赻(DA60) 踐(DB60) 躟(DC60) 輅(DD60) 轥(DE60) 違(DF60) 郹(E060) 醏(E160) 鈆(E260) 鉦(E360) 鋊(E460) 錪(E560) 鎌(E660) 鏯(E760) 鑐(E860) 閌(E960) 阘(EA60) 隸(EB60) 靈(EC60) 韅(ED60) 頯(EE60) 颼(EF60) 餪(F060) 馺(F160) 騚(F260) 骮(F360) 鬬(F460) 鮜(F560) 鯼(F660) 鱜(F760) 鴃(F860) 鵣(F960) 鷃(FA60) 鸴(FB60) 黗(FC60) 齚(FD60)
  [{](7B) 亄(817B) 倇(827B) 儃(837B) 剓(847B) 厈(857B) 唟(867B) 噞(877B) 坽(887B) 墈(897B) 妠(8A7B) 媨(8B7B) 寋(8C7B) 峽(8D7B) 巤(8E7B) 弡(8F7B) 恵(907B) 憑(917B) 抺(927B) 搟(937B) 攞(947B) 晎(957B) 杮(967B) 梴(977B) 榹(987B) 檣(997B) 歿(9A7B) 泏(9B7B) 渰(9C7B) 漿(9D7B) 瀧(9E7B) 焮(9F7B) 爗(A07B) ▄ (A87B) ﹞(A97B) 獅(AA7B) 珄(AB7B) 瑊(AC7B) 瓄(AD7B) 畕(AE7B) 瘂(AF7B) 皗(B07B) 眥(B17B) 瞷(B27B) 硔(B37B) 磠(B47B) 祘(B57B) 秢(B67B) 穥(B77B) 竰(B87B) 箋(B97B) 簕(BA7B) 粄(BB7B) 納(BC7B) 絳(BD7B) 緖(BE7B) 縶(BF7B) 纚(C07B) 羬(C17B) 聓(C27B) 脅(C37B) 膡(C47B) 舺(C57B) 苳(C67B) 莧(C77B) 葅(C87B) 蓒(C97B) 蕒(CA7B) 藍(CB7B) 蘽(CC7B) 蛖(CD7B) 蝱(CE7B) 蟵(CF7B) 衶(D07B) 褅(D17B) 襸(D27B) 觷(D37B) 詛(D47B) 調(D57B) 謠(D67B) 讃(D77B) 貃(D87B) 賩(D97B) 趝(DA7B) 踸(DB7B) 躿(DC7B) 輠(DD7B) 辿(DE7B) 遻(DF7B) 鄘(E07B) 醷(E17B) 鈡(E27B) 銂(E37B) 鋥(E47B) 鍆(E57B) 鎨(E67B) 鐊(E77B) 鑬(E87B) 閧(E97B) 陒(EA7B) 雥(EB7B) 靮(EC7B) 韠(ED7B) 顊(EE7B) 飡(EF7B) 饆(F07B) 駕(F17B) 騵(F27B) 髙(F37B) 魗(F47B) 鮷(F57B) 鰗(F67B) 鱷(F77B) 鴞(F87B) 鵾(F97B) 鷞(FA7B) 鹻(FB7B) 鼂(FC7B) 齵(FD7B)
  [|](7C) 亅(817C) 倈(827C) 億(837C) 剕(847C) 厊(857C) 唡(867C) 噟(877C) 坾(887C) 墊(897C) 妡(8A7C) 媩(8B7C) 寍(8C7C) 峾(8D7C) 巪(8E7C) 弢(8F7C) 恷(907C) 憒(917C) 抾(927C) 搢(937C) 攟(947C) 晐(957C) 東(967C) 梶(977C) 榺(987C) 檤(997C) 殀(9A7C) 泑(9B7C) 渱(9C7C) 潀(9D7C) 瀨(9E7C) 焲(9F7C) 爘(A07C) ▅ (A87C) ﹟(A97C) 獆(AA7C) 珅(AB7C) 瑋(AC7C) 瓅(AD7C) 畖(AE7C) 瘄(AF7C) 皘(B07C) 眧(B17C) 瞸(B27C) 硘(B37C) 磡(B47C) 祙(B57C) 秥(B67C) 穦(B77C) 竱(B87C) 箌(B97C) 簗(BA7C) 粅(BB7C) 紎(BC7C) 絴(BD7C) 緗(BE7C) 縷(BF7C) 纜(C07C) 羭(C17C) 聕(C27C) 脇(C37C) 膢(C47C) 舼(C57C) 苵(C67C) 莬(C77C) 葇(C87C) 蓔(C97C) 蕓(CA7C) 藎(CB7C) 蘾(CC7C) 蛗(CD7C) 蝲(CE7C) 蟶(CF7C) 衸(D07C) 褆(D17C) 襹(D27C) 觸(D37C) 詜(D47C) 諀(D57C) 謡(D67C) 讄(D77C) 貄(D87C) 質(D97C) 趞(DA7C) 踻(DB7C) 軀(DC7C) 輡(DD7C) 迀(DE7C) 遼(DF7C) 鄚(E07C) 醸(E17C) 鈢(E27C) 銃(E37C) 鋦(E47C) 鍇(E57C) 鎩(E67C) 鐋(E77C) 鑭(E87C) 閨(E97C) 陓(EA7C) 雦(EB7C) 靯(EC7C) 韡(ED7C) 顋(EE7C) 飢(EF7C) 饇(F07C) 駖(F17C) 騶(F27C) 髚(F37C) 魘(F47C) 鮸(F57C) 鰘(F67C) 鱸(F77C) 鴟(F87C) 鵿(F97C) 鷟(FA7C) 鹼(FB7C) 鼃(FC7C) 齶(FD7C)
  [}](7D) 亇(817D) 倉(827D) 儅(837D) 剗(847D) 厎(857D) 唥(867D) 噠(877D) 坿(887D) 墋(897D) 妢(8A7D) 媫(8B7D) 寎(8C7D) 峿(8D7D) 巬(8E7D) 弣(8F7D) 恾(907D) 憓(917D) 拀(927D) 搣(937D) 攠(947D) 晑(957D) 杴(967D) 梷(977D) 榼(987D) 檥(997D) 殅(9A7D) 泒(9B7D) 渳(9C7D) 潁(9D7D) 瀩(9E7D) 焳(9F7D) 爙(A07D) ▆ (A87D) ﹠(A97D) 獇(AA7D) 珆(AB7D) 瑌(AC7D) 瓆(AD7D) 畗(AE7D) 瘆(AF7D) 皚(B07D) 眪(B17D) 瞹(B27D) 硙(B37D) 磢(B47D) 祡(B57D) 秨(B67D) 穧(B77D) 竲(B87D) 箎(B97D) 簘(BA7D) 粆(BB7D) 紏(BC7D) 絵(BD7D) 緘(BE7D) 縸(BF7D) 纝(C07D) 羮(C17D) 聖(C27D) 脈(C37D) 膤(C47D) 舽(C57D) 苶(C67D) 莭(C77D) 葈(C87D) 蓕(C97D) 蕔(CA7D) 藑(CB7D) 蘿(CC7D) 蛚(CD7D) 蝳(CE7D) 蟷(CF7D) 衹(D07D) 複(D17D) 襺(D27D) 觹(D37D) 詝(D47D) 諁(D57D) 謢(D67D) 讅(D77D) 貆(D87D) 賫(D97D) 趠(DA7D) 踼(DB7D) 軁(DC7D) 輢(DD7D) 迃(DE7D) 遾(DF7D) 鄛(E07D) 醹(E17D) 鈣(E27D) 銄(E37D) 鋧(E47D) 鍈(E57D) 鎪(E67D) 鐌(E77D) 鑮(E87D) 閩(E97D) 陖(EA7D) 雧(EB7D) 靰(EC7D) 韢(ED7D) 題(EE7D) 飣(EF7D) 饈(F07D) 駗(F17D) 騷(F27D) 髛(F37D) 魙(F47D) 鮹(F57D) 鰙(F67D) 鱹(F77D) 鴠(F87D) 鶀(F97D) 鷠(FA7D) 鹽(FB7D) 鼄(FC7D) 齷(FD7D)

=head2 rfc2279 (UTF-8 RFC2279)

  -------------------------------------
  1st       2nd       3rd       4th
  -------------------------------------
  C2..DF    80..BF
  E0..EF    80..BF    80..BF
  F0..F4    80..BF    80..BF    80..BF
  00..7F
  -------------------------------------

L<https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2279.txt>

=over 2

=item *

needs no multibyte anchoring

=item *

needs no escaping meta char of 2nd-4th octets

=item *

safe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd-4th octet

=item *

allows encoding surrogate codepoints even if it is not pair

=back

=head2 sjis (Shift_JIS-like encodings, ex. cp932)

  -------------------------------------
  1st       2nd
  -------------------------------------
  81..9F    00..FF
  E0..FC    00..FF
  80..FF
  00..7F
  -------------------------------------

L<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shift_JIS>

=over 2

=item *

needs multibyte anchoring

=item *

has CHANTOSHITAMOJI, unsafe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd octet

=item *

needs escaping meta char of 2nd octet

=item *

and DAMEMOJI samples, here

=back

  [@](40) 　(8140) ァ(8340) А(8440) 院(8940) 魁(8A40) 機(8B40) 掘(8C40) 后(8D40) 察(8E40) 宗(8F40) 拭(9040) 繊(9140) 叩(9240) 邸(9340) 如(9440) 鼻(9540) 法(9640) 諭(9740) 蓮(9840) 僉(9940) 咫(9A40) 奸(9B40) 廖(9C40) 戞(9D40) 曄(9E40) 檗(9F40) 漾(E040) 瓠(E140) 磧(E240) 紂(E340) 隋(E440) 蕁(E540) 襦(E640) 蹇(E740) 錙(E840) 顱(E940) 鵝(EA40)
  [[](5B) ー(815B) ゼ(835B) Ъ(845B) 閏(895B) 骸(8A5B) 擬(8B5B) 啓(8C5B) 梗(8D5B) 纂(8E5B) 充(8F5B) 深(905B) 措(915B) 端(925B) 甜(935B) 納(945B) 票(955B) 房(965B) 夕(975B) 麓(985B) 兌(995B) 喙(9A5B) 媼(9B5B) 彈(9C5B) 拏(9D5B) 杣(9E5B) 歇(9F5B) 濕(E05B) 畆(E15B) 禺(E25B) 綣(E35B) 膽(E45B) 藜(E55B) 觴(E65B) 躰(E75B) 鐚(E85B) 饉(E95B) 鷦(EA5B)
  [\](5C) ―(815C) ソ(835C) Ы(845C) 噂(895C) 浬(8A5C) 欺(8B5C) 圭(8C5C) 構(8D5C) 蚕(8E5C) 十(8F5C) 申(905C) 曾(915C) 箪(925C) 貼(935C) 能(945C) 表(955C) 暴(965C) 予(975C) 禄(985C) 兔(995C) 喀(9A5C) 媾(9B5C) 彌(9C5C) 拿(9D5C) 杤(9E5C) 歃(9F5C) 濬(E05C) 畚(E15C) 秉(E25C) 綵(E35C) 臀(E45C) 藹(E55C) 觸(E65C) 軆(E75C) 鐔(E85C) 饅(E95C) 鷭(EA5C)
  []](5D) ‐(815D) ゾ(835D) Ь(845D) 云(895D) 馨(8A5D) 犠(8B5D) 珪(8C5D) 江(8D5D) 讃(8E5D) 従(8F5D) 疹(905D) 曽(915D) 綻(925D) 転(935D) 脳(945D) 評(955D) 望(965D) 余(975D) 肋(985D) 兢(995D) 咯(9A5D) 嫋(9B5D) 彎(9C5D) 拆(9D5D) 枉(9E5D) 歉(9F5D) 濔(E05D) 畩(E15D) 秕(E25D) 緇(E35D) 臂(E45D) 蘊(E55D) 訃(E65D) 躱(E75D) 鐓(E85D) 饐(E95D) 鷯(EA5D)
  [^](5E) ／(815E) タ(835E) Э(845E) 運(895E) 蛙(8A5E) 疑(8B5E) 型(8C5E) 洪(8D5E) 賛(8E5E) 戎(8F5E) 真(905E) 楚(915E) 耽(925E) 顛(935E) 膿(945E) 豹(955E) 某(965E) 与(975E) 録(985E) 竸(995E) 喊(9A5E) 嫂(9B5E) 弯(9C5E) 擔(9D5E) 杰(9E5E) 歐(9F5E) 濘(E05E) 畤(E15E) 秧(E25E) 綽(E35E) 膺(E45E) 蘓(E55E) 訖(E65E) 躾(E75E) 鐃(E85E) 饋(E95E) 鷽(EA5E)
  [`](60) 〜(8160) Ａ(8260) チ(8360) Я(8460) 荏(8960) 柿(8A60) 義(8B60) 形(8C60) 港(8D60) 餐(8E60) 汁(8F60) 秦(9060) 疏(9160) 蛋(9260) 伝(9360) 覗(9460) 描(9560) 冒(9660) 輿(9760) 倭(9860) 兪(9960) 啻(9A60) 嫣(9B60) 彖(9C60) 拜(9D60) 杼(9E60) 歔(9F60) 濮(E060) 畫(E160) 秡(E260) 總(E360) 臍(E460) 藾(E560) 訌(E660) 軈(E760) 鐐(E860) 饒(E960) 鸛(EA60)
  [{](7B) ＋(817B) ボ(837B) к(847B) 閲(897B) 顎(8A7B) 宮(8B7B) 鶏(8C7B) 砿(8D7B) 施(8E7B) 旬(8F7B) 須(907B) 捜(917B) 畜(927B) 怒(937B) 倍(947B) 府(957B) 本(967B) 養(977B) 几(997B) 嘴(9A7B) 學(9B7B) 悳(9C7B) 掉(9D7B) 桀(9E7B) 毬(9F7B) 炮(E07B) 痣(E17B) 窖(E27B) 縵(E37B) 艝(E47B) 蛔(E57B) 諚(E67B) 轆(E77B) 閔(E87B) 驅(E97B) 黠(EA7B)
  [|](7C) − (817C) ポ(837C) л(847C) 榎(897C) 掛(8A7C) 弓(8B7C) 芸(8C7C) 鋼(8D7C) 旨(8E7C) 楯(8F7C) 酢(907C) 掃(917C) 竹(927C) 倒(937C) 培(947C) 怖(957C) 翻(967C) 慾(977C) 處(997C) 嘶(9A7C) 斈(9B7C) 忿(9C7C) 掟(9D7C) 桍(9E7C) 毫(9F7C) 烟(E07C) 痞(E17C) 窩(E27C) 縹(E37C) 艚(E47C) 蛞(E57C) 諫(E67C) 轎(E77C) 閖(E87C) 驂(E97C) 黥(EA7C)
  [}](7D) ±(817D) マ(837D) м(847D) 厭(897D) 笠(8A7D) 急(8B7D) 迎(8C7D) 閤(8D7D) 枝(8E7D) 殉(8F7D) 図(907D) 挿(917D) 筑(927D) 党(937D) 媒(947D) 扶(957D) 凡(967D) 抑(977D) 凩(997D) 嘲(9A7D) 孺(9B7D) 怡(9C7D) 掵(9D7D) 栲(9E7D) 毳(9F7D) 烋(E07D) 痾(E17D) 竈(E27D) 繃(E37D) 艟(E47D) 蛩(E57D) 諳(E67D) 轗(E77D) 閘(E87D) 驀(E97D) 黨(EA7D)

=head2 uhc (UHC)

  -------------------------------------
  1st       2nd
  -------------------------------------
  81..FE    00..FF
  00..7F
  -------------------------------------

L<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Hangul_Code>

=over 2

=item *

needs multibyte anchoring

=item *

needs no escaping meta char of 2nd octet

=item *

has CHANTOSHITAMOJI, unsafe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd octet

=back

=head2 utf8 (UTF-8 RFC3629)

  -------------------------------------
  1st       2nd       3rd       4th
  -------------------------------------
  E1..EC    80..BF    80..BF
  C2..DF    80..BF
  EE..EF    80..BF    80..BF
  F0..F0    90..BF    80..BF    80..BF
  E0..E0    A0..BF    80..BF
  ED..ED    80..9F    80..BF
  F1..F3    80..BF    80..BF    80..BF
  F4..F4    80..8F    80..BF    80..BF
  00..7F
  -------------------------------------

L<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8>

=over 2

=item *

needs no multibyte anchoring

=item *

needs no escaping meta char of 2nd-4th octets

=item *

safe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd-4th octet

=item *

enforces surrogate codepoints must be paired

=back

=head2 wtf8 (WTF-8)

  -------------------------------------
  1st       2nd       3rd       4th
  -------------------------------------
  E1..EF    80..BF    80..BF
  C2..DF    80..BF
  E0..E0    A0..BF    80..BF
  F0..F0    90..BF    80..BF    80..BF
  F1..F3    80..BF    80..BF    80..BF
  F4..F4    80..8F    80..BF    80..BF
  00..7F
  -------------------------------------

L<http://simonsapin.github.io/wtf-8/>

=over 2

=item *

superset of UTF-8 that encodes surrogate codepoints if they are not in a pair

=item *

needs no multibyte anchoring

=item *

needs no escaping meta char of 2nd-4th octets

=item *

safe US-ASCII casefolding of 2nd-4th octet

=back

=head1 MBCS subroutines provided by this software

This software provides traditional feature "as was."
The new MBCS features are provided by subroutines with new names.
If you like utf8 pragma, mb::* subroutines will help you.
On other hand, If you love JPerl, those subroutines will not help you very much.
Traditional functions of Perl are useful still now in octet-oriented semantics.

  elder <<<---                                   age                                   --->>> younger
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  bare Perl4       JPerl4           use utf8;        mb.pm                   use UTF8::R2 qw(*mb);
  bare Perl5       JPerl5           pragma           modulino                module
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  chop             ---              ---              chop                    chop
  chr              chr              bytes::chr       chr                     chr
  getc             getc             ---              getc                    getc
  index            ---              bytes::index     index                   index
  lc               ---              ---              CORE::lc                CORE::lc (= tr/A-Z/a-z/)
  lcfirst          ---              ---              CORE::lcfirst           CORE::lcfirst (= tr/A-Z/a-z/)
  length           length           bytes::length    length                  length
  ord              ord              bytes::ord       ord                     ord
  reverse          reverse          ---              reverse                 reverse
  rindex           ---              bytes::rindex    rindex                  rindex
  substr           substr           bytes::substr    substr                  substr
  uc               ---              ---              CORE::uc                CORE::uc (= tr/a-z/A-Z/)
  ucfirst          ---              ---              CORE::ucfirst           CORE::ucfirst (= tr/a-z/A-Z/)
  ---              chop             chop             mb::chop                mb::chop
  ---              ---              chr              mb::chr                 mb::chr
  ---              ---              getc             mb::getc                mb::getc
  ---              index            ---              mb::index_byte          mb::index_byte
  ---              ---              index            mb::index               mb::index
  ---              lc               ---              lc                      lc (= mb::lc)
  ---              lcfirst          ---              lcfirst                 lcfirst (= mb::lcfirst)
  ---              ---              length           mb::length              mb::length
  ---              ---              ord              mb::ord                 mb::ord
  ---              ---              reverse          mb::reverse             mb::reverse
  ---              rindex           ---              mb::rindex_byte         mb::rindex_byte
  ---              ---              rindex           mb::rindex              mb::rindex
  ---              ---              substr           mb::substr              mb::substr
  ---              uc               ---              uc                      uc (= mb::uc)
  ---              ucfirst          ---              ucfirst                 ucfirst (= mb::ucfirst)
  ---              ---              lc               (mb::Casing::lc)        (mb::Casing::lc)
  ---              ---              lcfirst          (mb::Casing::lcfirst)   (mb::Casing::lcfirst)
  ---              ---              uc               (mb::Casing::uc)        (mb::Casing::uc)
  ---              ---              ucfirst          (mb::Casing::ucfirst)   (mb::Casing::ucfirst)
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  do 'file'        ---              do 'file'        do 'file'               do 'file'
  eval 'string'    ---              eval 'string'    eval 'string'           eval 'string'
  require 'file'   ---              require 'file'   require 'file'          require 'file'
  use Module       ---              use Module       use Module              use Module
  no Module        ---              no Module        no Module               no Module
  ---              do 'file'        do 'file'        mb::do 'file'           mb::do 'file'
  ---              eval 'string'    eval 'string'    mb::eval 'string'       mb::eval 'string'
  ---              require 'file'   require 'file'   mb::require 'file'      mb::require 'file'
  ---              use Module       use Module       mb::use Module          use Module
  ---              no Module        no Module        mb::no Module           no Module
  $^X              ---              $^X              $^X                     $^X
  ---              $^X              $^X              $mb::PERL               $mb::PERL
  $0               $0               $0               $mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME  $mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME
  ---              ---              ---              $0                      $0
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DOS-like glob() as MBCS subroutine

  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  MBCS semantics          broken function, not so useful
  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  mb::dosglob             glob, and <globbing*>
  -----------------------------------------------------------------

but everybody loves split(/\n/,`dir /b *.* 2>NUL`) since Perl4

index brothers

  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  functions or subs       works as        returns as      considered
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  index                   octet           octet           useful, bare Perl like
  rindex                  octet           octet           useful, bare Perl like
  mb::index               codepoint       codepoint       not so useful, utf8 pragma like
  mb::rindex              codepoint       codepoint       not so useful, utf8 pragma like
  mb::index_byte          codepoint       octet           useful, JPerl like
  mb::rindex_byte         codepoint       octet           useful, JPerl like
  ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The most useful of the above are mb::index_byte() and mb::rindex_byte(), but it's more convenient to use regular expressions than those.
So you can forget about these subroutines.

=head1 MBCS special variables provided by this software

This software provides the following two special variables to easy to use

=over 2

=item *

$mb::PERL

$^X means perl interpreter of MBCS version

  system(qq{ $^X perl_script.pl });              # had been write this...

                                                 # on mb.pm modulino
  system(qq{ $^X       SBCS_perl_script.pl });   # for SBCS script
  system(qq{ $mb::PERL MBCS_perl_script.pl });   # for MBCS script

=item *

$mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME

$mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME means $0 before transpiled it

  if ($0 =~ /-x64\.pl\z/) { ... }                # had been write this...

                                                 # on mb.pm modulino
  if ($0 =~ /-x64\.pl\z/) { ... }                # means program name translated by mb.pm modulino (are you right?)
  if ($mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME =~ /-x64\.pl\z/) { ... }  # means original program name not translated by mb.pm modulino

=back

=head1 Porting from script in bare Perl4, and bare Perl5

=head2 If you want to write US-ASCII scripts from now on, or port existing US-ASCII scripts to mb.pm

Write scripts the usual way.
Running an US-ASCII script using mb.pm allows you to treat multibyte code points as I/O data.
You can select MBCS encoding of I/O by an option when executing mb.pm command.

=head2 On other hand, if you want to write octet-oriented scripts from now on, or port existing octet-oriented scripts to mb.pm

There are only a few places that need to be rewritten.
If you want to execute "lc()", "lcfirst()", "uc()", and "ucfirst()" on octet-oriented data, you have to write this -- "CORE::lc()", "CORE::lcfirst()", "CORE::uc()", and "CORE::ucfirst()".

  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  original script in        script with
  Perl4, Perl5              mb.pm modulino
  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  lc                        CORE::lc
  lcfirst                   CORE::lcfirst
  uc                        CORE::uc
  ucfirst                   CORE::ucfirst
  qq{\Lfoo\E}               qq{@{[CORE::lc("foo")]}}
  qq{\lfoo\E}               qq{@{[CORE::lcfirst("foo")]}}
  qq{\Ufoo\E}               qq{@{[CORE::uc("foo")]}}
  qq{\ufoo\E}               qq{@{[CORE::ucfirst("foo")]}}
  -----------------------------------------------------------------

=head1 Porting from script in JPerl4, and JPerl5

=head2 If you want to port existing JPerl scripts to mb.pm

There are only a few places that need to be rewritten.
If you write the functionality of "index()" and "rindex()" in regular expressions, the only difference left is "chop()".
If you want "chop()" that like JPerl, you need to write "mb::chop()" when mb.pm environment.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  original script in        script with
  JPerl4, JPerl5            mb.pm modulino
  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  chop                      mb::chop
  do 'file'                 mb::do 'file'
  eval 'string'             mb::eval 'string'
  index                     mb::index_byte
  no Module                 mb::no Module
  no Module qw(ARGUMENTS)   mb::no Module qw(ARGUMENTS)
  require 'file'            mb::require 'file'
  rindex                    mb::rindex_byte
  use Module                mb::use Module
  use Module qw(ARGUMENTS)  mb::use Module qw(ARGUMENTS)
  use Module ()             mb::use Module ()
  -----------------------------------------------------------------

However substantially is ...

  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  original script in        script with
  JPerl4, JPerl5            mb.pm modulino
  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  chop                      95% to chomp, 4% to mb::chop, 1% to chop
  index                     (already written in regular expression)
  rindex                    (already written in regular expression)
  -----------------------------------------------------------------

Substantially put, JPerl users can write programs the same way they used to.

=head1 Porting from script with utf8 pragma

=head2 If you want to port existing scripts that has utf8 pragma to mb.pm

Like traditional style, Perl's built-in functions without package names provide octet-oriented functionality.
Thus, "length()" and "substr()" work on an octet basis, universally.
When you need multibyte functionally, you need to use subroutines in the "mb" package, on every time.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  original script with      script with
  utf8 pragma               mb.pm modulino
  -----------------------------------------------------------------
  chop                      mb::chop
  chr                       mb::chr
  do 'file'                 mb::do 'file'
  eval 'string'             mb::eval 'string'
  getc                      mb::getc
  index                     mb::index
  lc                        ---
  lcfirst                   ---
  length                    mb::length
  no Module                 mb::no Module
  no Module qw(ARGUMENTS)   mb::no Module qw(ARGUMENTS)
  ord                       mb::ord
  require 'file'            mb::require 'file'
  reverse                   mb::reverse
  rindex                    mb::rindex
  substr                    mb::substr
  uc                        ---
  ucfirst                   ---
  use Module                mb::use Module
  use Module qw(ARGUMENTS)  mb::use Module qw(ARGUMENTS)
  use Module ()             mb::use Module ()
  -----------------------------------------------------------------

=head1 Porting from script with UTF8::R2 module

=head2 Remove this line first

  use UTF8::R2 qw( *mb );

=head2 Use "mb::use" or "mb::no" to support modules in UTF-8

Have to write like this

  mb::use Any::UTF8::module qw(list);
  mb::no  Any::UTF8::module qw(list);

Instead of this

  use Any::UTF8::module qw(list);
  no  Any::UTF8::module qw(list);

=head2 Use $mb::* variables to support modules in UTF-8

Have to write like this

  $mb::PERL
  $mb::ORIG_PROGRAM_NAME

Instead of this

  $^X
  $0

=head1 Porting from script with Sjis software

Users of Sjis software family will also love this software.

=over 2

=item *

Support for byte-oriented regular expression feature has been dropped.

=item *

Support for MacOS (such as OS9) has been dropped.

=back

script encoding and subroutines (1 of 2)

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  always
  supported        big5               big5hkscs               eucjp               gb18030               gbk               rfc2279               sjis               uhc               utf8               wtf8
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  mb::chop         Big5::chop         Big5HKSCS::chop         EUCJP::chop         GB18030::chop         GBK::chop         RFC2279::chop         Sjis::chop         UHC::chop         UTF2::chop         WTF8::chop
  mb::chr          Big5::chr          Big5HKSCS::chr          EUCJP::chr          GB18030::chr          GBK::chr          RFC2279::chr          Sjis::chr          UHC::chr          UTF2::chr          WTF8::chr
  mb::do           Big5::do           Big5HKSCS::do           EUCJP::do           GB18030::do           GBK::do           RFC2279::do           Sjis::do           UHC::do           UTF2::do           WTF8::do
  mb::eval         Big5::eval         Big5HKSCS::eval         EUCJP::eval         GB18030::eval         GBK::eval         RFC2279::eval         Sjis::eval         UHC::eval         UTF2::eval         WTF8::eval
  mb::getc         Big5::getc         Big5HKSCS::getc         EUCJP::getc         GB18030::getc         GBK::getc         RFC2279::getc         Sjis::getc         UHC::getc         UTF2::getc         WTF8::getc
  mb::length       Big5::length       Big5HKSCS::length       EUCJP::length       GB18030::length       GBK::length       RFC2279::length       Sjis::length       UHC::length       UTF2::length       WTF8::length
  mb::ord          Big5::ord          Big5HKSCS::ord          EUCJP::ord          GB18030::ord          GBK::ord          RFC2279::ord          Sjis::ord          UHC::ord          UTF2::ord          WTF8::ord
  mb::require      Big5::require      Big5HKSCS::require      EUCJP::require      GB18030::require      GBK::require      RFC2279::require      Sjis::require      UHC::require      UTF2::require      WTF8::require
  mb::reverse      Big5::reverse      Big5HKSCS::reverse      EUCJP::reverse      GB18030::reverse      GBK::reverse      RFC2279::reverse      Sjis::reverse      UHC::reverse      UTF2::reverse      WTF8::reverse
  mb::substr       Big5::substr       Big5HKSCS::substr       EUCJP::substr       GB18030::substr       GBK::substr       RFC2279::substr       Sjis::substr       UHC::substr       UTF2::substr       WTF8::substr
  mb::tr           Big5::tr           Big5HKSCS::tr           EUCJP::tr           GB18030::tr           GBK::tr           RFC2279::tr           Sjis::tr           UHC::tr           UTF2::tr           WTF8::tr
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=over 2

=item *

JPerl compatibility option supported by Sjis software has been dropped.

You need to write *::ord(), *::reverse(), *::getc() always if you want JPerl like feature.
For example, Sjis::ord(), Sjis::reverse(), Sjis::getc(), etc.

=back

script encoding and subroutines (2 of 2)

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  always
  supported        big5               big5hkscs               eucjp               gb18030               gbk               rfc2279               sjis               uhc               utf8               wtf8
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  mb::dosglob      Big5::dosglob      Big5HKSCS::dosglob      EUCJP::dosglob      GB18030::dosglob      GBK::dosglob      RFC2279::dosglob      Sjis::dosglob      UHC::dosglob      UTF2::dosglob      WTF8::dosglob
  mb::index        Big5::index        Big5HKSCS::index        EUCJP::index        GB18030::index        GBK::index        RFC2279::index        Sjis::index        UHC::index        UTF2::index        WTF8::index
  mb::index_byte   Big5::index_byte   Big5HKSCS::index_byte   EUCJP::index_byte   GB18030::index_byte   GBK::index_byte   RFC2279::index_byte   Sjis::index_byte   UHC::index_byte   UTF2::index_byte   WTF8::index_byte
  mb::rindex       Big5::rindex       Big5HKSCS::rindex       EUCJP::rindex       GB18030::rindex       GBK::rindex       RFC2279::rindex       Sjis::rindex       UHC::rindex       UTF2::rindex       WTF8::rindex
  mb::rindex_byte  Big5::rindex_byte  Big5HKSCS::rindex_byte  EUCJP::rindex_byte  GB18030::rindex_byte  GBK::rindex_byte  RFC2279::rindex_byte  Sjis::rindex_byte  UHC::rindex_byte  UTF2::rindex_byte  WTF8::rindex_byte
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=over 2

=item *

If you're on Microsoft Windows and want to glob() using a MBCS pattern, *::dosglob() is probably more convenient.

=item *

If you want the result of index() in bytes like JPerl, you need to write *::index_byte().
Because *::index() returns position counted in characters like utf8 pragma environment.

=item *

If you want the result of rindex() in bytes like JPerl, you need to write *::rindex_byte().
Because *::rindex() returns position counted in characters like utf8 pragma environment.

=back

=head1 Syntax Sugar of mb.pm modulino

This software provides some syntax-sugars for easy learning.
These "mb::" prefix are not required.

"mb::split()" helps you to port scripts from UTF8::R2 environment.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  allowed sugar syntax                       sugarless syntax
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  mb::do { block }                           do { block }
  mb::eval { block }                         eval { block }
  mb::lc                                     lc
  mb::lcfirst                                lcfirst
  mb::uc                                     uc
  mb::ucfirst                                ucfirst
  mb::split                                  split
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head1 What are DAMEMOJI?

Single quotes are follows

  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  single quotes
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  ''
  q{}
  <<'END'
  qw{}
  m''
  s'''
  split('')
  split(m'')
  qr''
  qx''
  ------------------------------------------------------------------

In single quote, DAMEMOJI are double-byte characters that include the following metacharacters at second octet

  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  hex   character as US-ASCII
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  5C    [\]    backslashed escapes
  ------------------------------------------------------------------

Double quotes are follows

  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  double quotes
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  ""
  qq{}
  <<END
  <<"END"
  ``
  qx{}
  <<`END`
  //
  m//
  s///
  split(//)
  split(m//)
  qr//
  <fileglob>
  ------------------------------------------------------------------

In double quote, DAMEMOJI are double-byte characters that include the following metacharacters at second octet

  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  hex   character as US-ASCII
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  40    [@]    sigil of array variable
  5B    [[]    regexp bracketed character class
  5C    [\]    backslashed escapes
  5D    []]    regexp bracketed character class
  5E    [^]    regexp true at beginning of string
  60    [`]    command execution
  7B    [{]    regexp quantifier
  7C    [|]    regexp alternation
  7D    [}]    regexp quantifier
  ------------------------------------------------------------------

=head1 How to escape 2nd octet of DAMEMOJI

=over 2

=item 1

$ perl mb.pm script.pl

=item 2

mb.pm modulino escapes literal DAMEMOJI in your "script.pl" and save as new "script.oo.pl"

=item 3

mb.pm executes "script.oo.pl"

=back

=head2 on big5 encoding

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    (1)                (2)                      (3)
    in "script.pl"     in "script.oo.pl"        in perl's memory
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    "世" [A5 40]  ==>  "功@" [A5 [5C] 40]  ==>  "世" [A5] [40]
    "加" [A5 5B]  ==>  "功[" [A5 [5C] 5B]  ==>  "加" [A5] [5B]
    "功" [A5 5C]  ==>  "功\" [A5 [5C] 5C]  ==>  "功" [A5] [5C]
    "包" [A5 5D]  ==>  "功]" [A5 [5C] 5D]  ==>  "包" [A5] [5D]
    "匆" [A5 5E]  ==>  "功^" [A5 [5C] 5E]  ==>  "匆" [A5] [5E]
    "匝" [A5 60]  ==>  "功`" [A5 [5C] 60]  ==>  "匝" [A5] [60]
    "叻" [A5 7B]  ==>  "功{" [A5 [5C] 7B]  ==>  "叻" [A5] [7B]
    "四" [A5 7C]  ==>  "功|" [A5 [5C] 7C]  ==>  "四" [A5] [7C]
    "囚" [A5 7D]  ==>  "功}" [A5 [5C] 7D]  ==>  "囚" [A5] [7D]
    ------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on big5hkscs encoding

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    (1)                (2)                      (3)
    in "script.pl"     in "script.oo.pl"        in perl's memory
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    "蕋" [8F 40]  ==>  "蕚@" [8F [5C] 40]  ==>  "蕋" [8F] [40]
    "团" [89 5B]  ==>  "声[" [89 [5C] 5B]  ==>  "团" [89] [5B]
    "声" [89 5C]  ==>  "声\" [89 [5C] 5C]  ==>  "声" [89] [5C]
    "处" [89 5D]  ==>  "声]" [89 [5C] 5D]  ==>  "处" [89] [5D]
    "备" [89 5E]  ==>  "声^" [89 [5C] 5E]  ==>  "备" [89] [5E]
    "头" [89 60]  ==>  "声`" [89 [5C] 60]  ==>  "头" [89] [60]
    "询" [89 7B]  ==>  "声{" [89 [5C] 7B]  ==>  "询" [89] [7B]
    "车" [89 7C]  ==>  "声|" [89 [5C] 7C]  ==>  "车" [89] [7C]
    "轧" [89 7D]  ==>  "声}" [89 [5C] 7D]  ==>  "轧" [89] [7D]
    ------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on gb18030 encoding

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    (1)                (2)                      (3)
    in "script.pl"     in "script.oo.pl"        in perl's memory
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    "丂" [81 40]  ==>  "乗@" [81 [5C] 40]  ==>  "丂" [81] [40]
    "乕" [81 5B]  ==>  "乗[" [81 [5C] 5B]  ==>  "乕" [81] [5B]
    "乗" [81 5C]  ==>  "乗\" [81 [5C] 5C]  ==>  "乗" [81] [5C]
    "乚" [81 5D]  ==>  "乗]" [81 [5C] 5D]  ==>  "乚" [81] [5D]
    "乛" [81 5E]  ==>  "乗^" [81 [5C] 5E]  ==>  "乛" [81] [5E]
    "乣" [81 60]  ==>  "乗`" [81 [5C] 60]  ==>  "乣" [81] [60]
    "亄" [81 7B]  ==>  "乗{" [81 [5C] 7B]  ==>  "亄" [81] [7B]
    "亅" [81 7C]  ==>  "乗|" [81 [5C] 7C]  ==>  "亅" [81] [7C]
    "亇" [81 7D]  ==>  "乗}" [81 [5C] 7D]  ==>  "亇" [81] [7D]
    ------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on gbk encoding

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    (1)                (2)                      (3)
    in "script.pl"     in "script.oo.pl"        in perl's memory
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    "丂" [81 40]  ==>  "乗@" [81 [5C] 40]  ==>  "丂" [81] [40]
    "乕" [81 5B]  ==>  "乗[" [81 [5C] 5B]  ==>  "乕" [81] [5B]
    "乗" [81 5C]  ==>  "乗\" [81 [5C] 5C]  ==>  "乗" [81] [5C]
    "乚" [81 5D]  ==>  "乗]" [81 [5C] 5D]  ==>  "乚" [81] [5D]
    "乛" [81 5E]  ==>  "乗^" [81 [5C] 5E]  ==>  "乛" [81] [5E]
    "乣" [81 60]  ==>  "乗`" [81 [5C] 60]  ==>  "乣" [81] [60]
    "亄" [81 7B]  ==>  "乗{" [81 [5C] 7B]  ==>  "亄" [81] [7B]
    "亅" [81 7C]  ==>  "乗|" [81 [5C] 7C]  ==>  "亅" [81] [7C]
    "亇" [81 7D]  ==>  "乗}" [81 [5C] 7D]  ==>  "亇" [81] [7D]
    ------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on sjis encoding

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    (1)                (2)                      (3)
    in "script.pl"     in "script.oo.pl"        in perl's memory
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    "ァ" [83 40]  ==>  "ソ@" [83 [5C] 40]  ==>  "ァ" [83] [40]
    "ゼ" [83 5B]  ==>  "ソ[" [83 [5C] 5B]  ==>  "ゼ" [83] [5B]
    "ソ" [83 5C]  ==>  "ソ\" [83 [5C] 5C]  ==>  "ソ" [83] [5C]
    "ゾ" [83 5D]  ==>  "ソ]" [83 [5C] 5D]  ==>  "ゾ" [83] [5D]
    "タ" [83 5E]  ==>  "ソ^" [83 [5C] 5E]  ==>  "タ" [83] [5E]
    "チ" [83 60]  ==>  "ソ`" [83 [5C] 60]  ==>  "チ" [83] [60]
    "ボ" [83 7B]  ==>  "ソ{" [83 [5C] 7B]  ==>  "ボ" [83] [7B]
    "ポ" [83 7C]  ==>  "ソ|" [83 [5C] 7C]  ==>  "ポ" [83] [7C]
    "マ" [83 7D]  ==>  "ソ}" [83 [5C] 7D]  ==>  "マ" [83] [7D]
    ------------------------------------------------------------

=head1 What are CHANTOSHITAMOJI?

CHANTOSHITAMOJI are contained in Big5, Big5-HKSCS, GB18030, GBK, Shift_JIS(also CP932), UHC.
CHANTOSHITAMOJI are double-byte characters that include the following alphabets at second octet.

  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  hex   character as US-ASCII
  ------------------------------------------------------------------
  41    [A]    US-ASCII A
  42    [B]    US-ASCII B
  43    [C]    US-ASCII C
  44    [D]    US-ASCII D
  45    [E]    US-ASCII E
  46    [F]    US-ASCII F
  47    [G]    US-ASCII G
  48    [H]    US-ASCII H
  49    [I]    US-ASCII I
  4A    [J]    US-ASCII J
  4B    [K]    US-ASCII K
  4C    [L]    US-ASCII L
  4D    [M]    US-ASCII M
  4E    [N]    US-ASCII N
  4F    [O]    US-ASCII O
  50    [P]    US-ASCII P
  51    [Q]    US-ASCII Q
  52    [R]    US-ASCII R
  53    [S]    US-ASCII S
  54    [T]    US-ASCII T
  55    [U]    US-ASCII U
  56    [V]    US-ASCII V
  57    [W]    US-ASCII W
  58    [X]    US-ASCII X
  59    [Y]    US-ASCII Y
  5A    [Z]    US-ASCII Z
  61    [a]    US-ASCII a
  62    [b]    US-ASCII b
  63    [c]    US-ASCII c
  64    [d]    US-ASCII d
  65    [e]    US-ASCII e
  66    [f]    US-ASCII f
  67    [g]    US-ASCII g
  68    [h]    US-ASCII h
  69    [i]    US-ASCII i
  6A    [j]    US-ASCII j
  6B    [k]    US-ASCII k
  6C    [l]    US-ASCII l
  6D    [m]    US-ASCII m
  6E    [n]    US-ASCII n
  6F    [o]    US-ASCII o
  70    [p]    US-ASCII p
  71    [q]    US-ASCII q
  72    [r]    US-ASCII r
  73    [s]    US-ASCII s
  74    [t]    US-ASCII t
  75    [u]    US-ASCII u
  76    [v]    US-ASCII v
  77    [w]    US-ASCII w
  78    [x]    US-ASCII x
  79    [y]    US-ASCII y
  7A    [z]    US-ASCII z
  ------------------------------------------------------------------

Embeded functions "lc()", "lcfirst()", "uc()", and "ucfirst()", and escapes "\L...\E", "\l...", "\U...\E", and "\u..." of bare Perl cannot handle CHANTOSHITAMOJI correctly.
mb.pm modulino solves this problem by replacing "lc()" in your scripts with "mb::lc()".

=head1 MBCS character casing (solves CHANTOSHITAMOJI problem)

mb.pm modulino solves CHANTOSHITAMOJI problem.

(The automatic translation of this part may be not correct.
Please refer to the original text.)

In mb.pm environment, lc("(halfwidth)A") makes "(halfwidth)a", however lc("乙") keeps "乙", not "兀", moreover lc("(fullwidth)Ａ") keeps "(fullwidth)Ａ", not "(fullwidth)ａ".
For easy to use like JPerl, "lc()" and "uc()" do not work for MBCS encoding that is not US-ASCII.

"DBCS," "ZENKAKU(fullwidth) characters," and "KANJI" are often intentionally misused as having the same meaning.
In other words, fullwidth alphabetic characters are treated as KANJI.
In that case, it is desirable that those characters are not converted by "lc()" and "uc()".
You may feel it a little strange, but this is normal in the JPerl world.

=head2 lc() works as

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                               bare Perl4, bare Perl5     mb.pm modulino
    encoding    your script                    makes MOJIBAKE             makes no MOJIBAKE
                                               (works as CORE::lc)        (works as mb::lc)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    big5        lc("A乙Ａ") [41][A441][A2CF]   "a兀Ａ" [61][A461][A2CF]   "a乙Ａ" [61][A441][A2CF]
    big5hkscs   lc("A淾Ａ") [41][8C41][A2CF]   "a蘏Ａ" [61][8C61][A2CF]   "a淾Ａ" [61][8C41][A2CF]
    gb18030     lc("A華Ａ") [41][C841][A3C1]   "a萢Ａ" [61][C861][A3C1]   "a華Ａ" [61][C841][A3C1]
    gbk         lc("A華Ａ") [41][C841][A3C1]   "a萢Ａ" [61][C861][A3C1]   "a華Ａ" [61][C841][A3C1]
    sjis        lc("AアＡ") [41][8341][8261]   "aヂＡ" [61][8361][8261]   "aアＡ" [61][8341][8261]
    uhc         lc("A갂Ａ") [41][8141][A3C1]   "a갵Ａ" [61][8161][A3C1]   "a갂Ａ" [61][8141][A3C1]
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 uc() works as

    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                               bare Perl4, bare Perl5     mb.pm modulino
    encoding    your script                    makes MOJIBAKE             makes no MOJIBAKE
                                               (works as CORE::uc)        (works as mb::uc)
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    big5        uc("a兀ａ") [61][A461][A2E9]   "A乙ａ" [41][A441][A2E9]   "A兀ａ" [41][A461][A2E9]
    big5hkscs   uc("a蘏ａ") [61][8C61][A2E9]   "A淾ａ" [41][8C41][A2E9]   "A蘏ａ" [41][8C61][A2E9]
    gb18030     uc("a萢ａ") [61][C861][A3E1]   "A華ａ" [41][C841][A3E1]   "A萢ａ" [41][C861][A3E1]
    gbk         uc("a萢ａ") [61][C861][A3E1]   "A華ａ" [41][C841][A3E1]   "A萢ａ" [41][C861][A3E1]
    sjis        uc("aヂａ") [61][8361][8281]   "Aアａ" [41][8341][8281]   "Aヂａ" [41][8361][8281]
    uhc         uc("a갵ａ") [61][8161][A3E1]   "A갂ａ" [41][8141][A3E1]   "A갵ａ" [41][8161][A3E1]
    ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head1 What transpiles to what by this software?

This software automatically transpiles MBCS literal strings in scripts to octet-oriented strings(OO-quotee)

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  do 'file'                                  do 'file'
  do { block }                               do { block }
  mb::do 'file'                              mb::do 'file'
  mb::do { block }                           do { block }
  eval 'string'                              eval 'string'
  eval { block }                             eval { block }
  mb::eval 'string'                          mb::eval 'string'
  mb::eval { block }                         eval { block }
  require 123                                require 123
  require 'file'                             require 'file'
  mb::require 123                            mb::require 123
  mb::require 'file'                         mb::require 'file'
  use Module 5.005;                          use Module 5.005;
  use Module 5.005 qw(A B C);                use Module 5.005 qw(A B C);
  use Module 5.005 ();                       use Module 5.005 ();
  use Module;                                use Module;
  use Module qw(A B C);                      use Module qw(A B C);
  use Module ();                             use Module ();
  mb::use Module 5.005;                      BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->VERSION(5.005); Module->import; };
  mb::use Module 5.005 qw(A B C);            BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->VERSION(5.005);  Module->import(qw(A B C)); };
  mb::use Module 5.005 ();                   BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->VERSION(5.005); };
  mb::use Module;                            BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->import; };
  mb::use Module qw(A B C);                  BEGIN { mb::require 'Module';  Module->import(qw(A B C)); };
  mb::use Module ();                         BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; };
  no Module 5.005;                           no Module 5.005;
  no Module 5.005 qw(A B C);                 no Module 5.005 qw(A B C);
  no Module 5.005 ();                        no Module 5.005 ();
  no Module;                                 no Module;
  no Module qw(A B C);                       no Module qw(A B C);
  no Module ();                              no Module ();
  mb::no Module 5.005;                       BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->VERSION(5.005); Module->unimport; };
  mb::no Module 5.005 qw(A B C);             BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->VERSION(5.005);  Module->unimport(qw(A B C)); };
  mb::no Module 5.005 ();                    BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->VERSION(5.005); };
  mb::no Module;                             BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; Module->unimport; };
  mb::no Module qw(A B C);                   BEGIN { mb::require 'Module';  Module->unimport(qw(A B C)); };
  mb::no Module ();                          BEGIN { mb::require 'Module'; };
  chop                                       chop
  lc                                         mb::lc
  lcfirst                                    mb::lcfirst
  uc                                         mb::uc
  ucfirst                                    mb::ucfirst
  index                                      index
  rindex                                     rindex
  mb::getc()                                 mb::getc()
  mb::getc($fh)                              mb::getc($fh)
  mb::getc $fh                               mb::getc $fh
  mb::getc(FILE)                             mb::getc(\*FILE)
  mb::getc FILE                              mb::getc \*FILE
  mb::getc                                   mb::getc
  'MBCS-quotee'                              'OO-quotee'
  "MBCS-quotee"                              "OO-quotee"
  `MBCS-quotee`                              `OO-quotee`
  /MBCS-quotee/cgimosx                       m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-quotee/mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  /MBCS-quotee/cgmosx                        m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/OO-quotee/mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  <MBCS-quotee>                              <OO-quotee>
  q/MBCS-quotee/                             q/OO-quotee/
  qx'MBCS-quotee'                            qx'OO-quotee'
  qw/MBCS-quotee/                            qw/OO-quotee/
  m'MBCS-quotee'cgimosx                      m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr'OO-quotee'mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  m'MBCS-quotee'cgmosx                       m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'OO-quotee'mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  s'MBCS-regexp'MBCS-replacement'eegimosxr   s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr'OO-regexp'mosx)]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q'OO-replacement'}egr
  s'MBCS-regexp'MBCS-replacement'eegmosxr    s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr'OO-regexp'mosx ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q'OO-replacement'}egr
  tr/MBCS-search/MBCS-replacement/cdsr       s{[\x00-\xFF]*}{mb::tr($&,q/OO-search/,q/OO-replacement/,'cdsr')}ser
  tr/MBCS-search/MBCS-replacement/cds        s{[\x00-\xFF]+}{mb::tr($&,q/OO-search/,q/OO-replacement/,'cdsr')}se
  tr/MBCS-search/MBCS-replacement/ds         s{[\x00-\xFF]+}{mb::tr($&,q/OO-search/,q/OO-replacement/,'dsr')}se
  y/MBCS-search/MBCS-replacement/cdsr        s{[\x00-\xFF]*}{mb::tr($&,q/OO-search/,q/OO-replacement/,'cdsr')}ser
  y/MBCS-search/MBCS-replacement/cds         s{[\x00-\xFF]+}{mb::tr($&,q/OO-search/,q/OO-replacement/,'cdsr')}se
  y/MBCS-search/MBCS-replacement/ds          s{[\x00-\xFF]+}{mb::tr($&,q/OO-search/,q/OO-replacement/,'dsr')}se
  qr'MBCS-quotee'cgimosx                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr'OO-quotee'mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  qr'MBCS-quotee'cgmosx                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'OO-quotee'mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  split m'^'                                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr'^'m ]}}
  split m'MBCS-quotee'cgimosx                mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr'OO-quotee'mosx)]}}cg
  split m'MBCS-quotee'cgmosx                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr'OO-quotee'mosx ]}}cg
  split qr'^'                                mb::_split qr{@{[qr'^'m ]}}
  split qr'MBCS-quotee'cgimosx               mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr'OO-quotee'mosx)]}}cg
  split qr'MBCS-quotee'cgmosx                mb::_split qr{@{[qr'OO-quotee'mosx ]}}cg
  mb::split qr'^'                            mb::_split qr{@{[qr'^'m ]}}
  mb::split qr'MBCS-quotee'cgimosx           mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr'OO-quotee'mosx)]}}cg
  mb::split qr'MBCS-quotee'cgmosx            mb::_split qr{@{[qr'OO-quotee'mosx ]}}cg
  qq/MBCS-quotee/                            qq/OO-quotee/
  qq'MBCS-quotee'                            qq'OO-quotee'
  qx/MBCS-quotee/                            qx/OO-quotee/
  m/MBCS-quotee/cgimosx                      m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-quotee/mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  m/MBCS-quotee/cgmosx                       m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/OO-quotee/mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  s/MBCS-regexp/MBCS-replacement/eegimosxr   s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-regexp/mosx)]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q/OO-replacement/}egr
  s/MBCS-regexp/MBCS-replacement/eegmosxr    s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr/OO-regexp/mosx ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q/OO-replacement/}egr
  qr/MBCS-quotee/cgimosx                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-quotee/mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  qr/MBCS-quotee/cgmosx                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/OO-quotee/mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  split /^/                                  mb::_split qr{@{[qr/^/m ]}}
  split /MBCS-quotee/cgimosx                 mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-quotee/mosx)]}}cg
  split /MBCS-quotee/cgmosx                  mb::_split qr{@{[qr/OO-quotee/mosx ]}}cg
  split m/^/                                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr/^/m ]}}
  split m/MBCS-quotee/cgimosx                mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-quotee/mosx)]}}cg
  split m/MBCS-quotee/cgmosx                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr/OO-quotee/mosx ]}}cg
  split qr/^/                                mb::_split qr{@{[qr/^/m ]}}
  split qr/MBCS-quotee/cgimosx               mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-quotee/mosx)]}}cg
  split qr/MBCS-quotee/cgmosx                mb::_split qr{@{[qr/OO-quotee/mosx ]}}cg
  mb::split qr/^/                            mb::_split qr{@{[qr/^/m ]}}
  mb::split qr/MBCS-quotee/cgimosx           mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr/OO-quotee/mosx)]}}cg
  mb::split qr/MBCS-quotee/cgmosx            mb::_split qr{@{[qr/OO-quotee/mosx ]}}cg
  m:MBCS-quotee:cgimosx                      m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  m:MBCS-quotee:cgmosx                       m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  s:MBCS-regexp:MBCS-replacement:eegimosxr   s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-regexp`mosx)]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q:OO-replacement:}egr
  s:MBCS-regexp:MBCS-replacement:eegmosxr    s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr`OO-regexp`mosx ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q:OO-replacement:}egr
  qr:MBCS-quotee:cgimosx                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  qr:MBCS-quotee:cgmosx                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  split m:^:                                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr`^`m ]}}
  split m:MBCS-quotee:cgimosx                mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}}cg
  split m:MBCS-quotee:cgmosx                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}}cg
  split qr:^:                                mb::_split qr{@{[qr`^`m ]}}
  split qr:MBCS-quotee:cgimosx               mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}}cg
  split qr:MBCS-quotee:cgmosx                mb::_split qr{@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}}cg
  mb::split qr:^:                            mb::_split qr{@{[qr`^`m ]}}
  mb::split qr:MBCS-quotee:cgimosx           mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}}cg
  mb::split qr:MBCS-quotee:cgmosx            mb::_split qr{@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}}cg
  m@MBCS-quotee@cgimosx                      m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  m@MBCS-quotee@cgmosx                       m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  s@MBCS-regexp@MBCS-replacement@eegimosxr   s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-regexp`mosx)]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q@OO-replacement@}egr
  s@MBCS-regexp@MBCS-replacement@eegmosxr    s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr`OO-regexp`mosx ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q@OO-replacement@}egr
  qr@MBCS-quotee@cgimosx                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  qr@MBCS-quotee@cgmosx                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  split m@^@                                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr`^`m ]}}
  split m@MBCS-quotee@cgimosx                mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}}cg
  split m@MBCS-quotee@cgmosx                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}}cg
  split qr@^@                                mb::_split qr{@{[qr`^`m ]}}
  split qr@MBCS-quotee@cgimosx               mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}}cg
  split qr@MBCS-quotee@cgmosx                mb::_split qr{@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}}cg
  mb::split qr@^@                            mb::_split qr{@{[qr`^`m ]}}
  mb::split qr@MBCS-quotee@cgimosx           mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr`OO-quotee`mosx)]}}cg
  mb::split qr@MBCS-quotee@cgmosx            mb::_split qr{@{[qr`OO-quotee`mosx ]}}cg
  m#MBCS-quotee#cgimosx                      m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr#OO-quotee#mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  m#MBCS-quotee#cgmosx                       m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr#OO-quotee#mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  s#MBCS-regexp#MBCS-replacement#eegimosxr   s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr#OO-regexp#mosx)]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q#OO-replacement#}egr
  s#MBCS-regexp#MBCS-replacement#eegmosxr    s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr#OO-regexp#mosx ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . mb::eval mb::eval q#OO-replacement#}egr
  qr#MBCS-quotee#cgimosx                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr#OO-quotee#mosx)]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  qr#MBCS-quotee#cgmosx                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr#OO-quotee#mosx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}cg
  split m#^#                                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr#^#m ]}}
  split m#MBCS-quotee#cgimosx                mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr#OO-quotee#mosx)]}}cg
  split m#MBCS-quotee#cgmosx                 mb::_split qr{@{[qr#OO-quotee#mosx ]}}cg
  split qr#^#                                mb::_split qr{@{[qr#^#m ]}}
  split qr#MBCS-quotee#cgimosx               mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr#OO-quotee#mosx)]}}cg
  split qr#MBCS-quotee#cgmosx                mb::_split qr{@{[qr#OO-quotee#mosx ]}}cg
  mb::split qr#^#                            mb::_split qr{@{[qr#^#m ]}}
  mb::split qr#MBCS-quotee#cgimosx           mb::_split qr{@{[mb::_ignorecase(qr#OO-quotee#mosx)]}}cg
  mb::split qr#MBCS-quotee#cgmosx            mb::_split qr{@{[qr#OO-quotee#mosx ]}}cg
  /[abc 123]/xx                              m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[abc123])]})/xx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  m/[abc 123]/xx                             m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[abc123])]})/xx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[abc 123]/xx                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[abc123])]})/xx ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  s/[abc 123]//xx                            s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[abc123])]})/xx ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . qq //}e
  split /[abc 123]/xx                        mb::_split qr{@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[abc123])]})/xxm ]}}
  split m/[abc 123]/xx                       mb::_split qr{@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[abc123])]})/xxm ]}}
  $`                                         mb::_PREMATCH()
  ${`}                                       mb::_PREMATCH()
  $PREMATCH                                  mb::_PREMATCH()
  ${PREMATCH}                                mb::_PREMATCH()
  ${^PREMATCH}                               mb::_PREMATCH()
  $&                                         mb::_MATCH()
  ${&}                                       mb::_MATCH()
  $MATCH                                     mb::_MATCH()
  ${MATCH}                                   mb::_MATCH()
  ${^MATCH}                                  mb::_MATCH()
  $1                                         mb::_CAPTURE(1)
  $2                                         mb::_CAPTURE(2)
  $3                                         mb::_CAPTURE(3)
  @{^CAPTURE}                                mb::_CAPTURE()
  ${^CAPTURE}[0]                             mb::_CAPTURE(0+1)
  ${^CAPTURE}[1]                             mb::_CAPTURE(1+1)
  ${^CAPTURE}[2]                             mb::_CAPTURE(2+1)
  @-                                         mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()
  @LAST_MATCH_START                          mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()
  @{LAST_MATCH_START}                        mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()
  @{^LAST_MATCH_START}                       mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()
  $-[1]                                      mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)
  $LAST_MATCH_START[1]                       mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)
  ${LAST_MATCH_START}[1]                     mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)
  ${^LAST_MATCH_START}[1]                    mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)
  @+                                         mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()
  @LAST_MATCH_END                            mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()
  @{LAST_MATCH_END}                          mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()
  @{^LAST_MATCH_END}                         mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()
  $+[1]                                      mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)
  $LAST_MATCH_END[1]                         mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)
  ${LAST_MATCH_END}[1]                       mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)
  ${^LAST_MATCH_END}[1]                      mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)
  "$`"                                       "@{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}"
  "${`}"                                     "@{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}"
  "$PREMATCH"                                "@{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}"
  "${PREMATCH}"                              "@{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}"
  "${^PREMATCH}"                             "@{[mb::_PREMATCH()]}"
  "$&"                                       "@{[mb::_MATCH()]}"
  "${&}"                                     "@{[mb::_MATCH()]}"
  "$MATCH"                                   "@{[mb::_MATCH()]}"
  "${MATCH}"                                 "@{[mb::_MATCH()]}"
  "${^MATCH}"                                "@{[mb::_MATCH()]}"
  "$1"                                       "@{[mb::_CAPTURE(1)]}"
  "$2"                                       "@{[mb::_CAPTURE(2)]}"
  "$3"                                       "@{[mb::_CAPTURE(3)]}"
  "@{^CAPTURE}"                              "@{[mb::_CAPTURE()]}"
  "${^CAPTURE}[0]"                           "@{[mb::_CAPTURE(0)]}"
  "${^CAPTURE}[1]"                           "@{[mb::_CAPTURE(1)]}"
  "${^CAPTURE}[2]"                           "@{[mb::_CAPTURE(2)]}"
  "@-"                                       "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}"
  "@LAST_MATCH_START"                        "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}"
  "@{LAST_MATCH_START}"                      "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}"
  "@{^LAST_MATCH_START}"                     "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START()]}"
  "$-[1]"                                    "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}"
  "$LAST_MATCH_START[1]"                     "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}"
  "${LAST_MATCH_START}[1]"                   "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}"
  "${^LAST_MATCH_START}[1]"                  "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_START(1)]}"
  "@+"                                       "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}"
  "@LAST_MATCH_END"                          "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}"
  "@{LAST_MATCH_END}"                        "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}"
  "@{^LAST_MATCH_END}"                       "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END()]}"
  "$+[1]"                                    "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}"
  "$LAST_MATCH_END[1]"                       "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}"
  "${LAST_MATCH_END}[1]"                     "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}"
  "${^LAST_MATCH_END}[1]"                    "@{[mb::_LAST_MATCH_END(1)]}"
  v1.20.300.4000                             mb::chr(1).mb::chr(20).mb::chr(300).mb::chr(4000)
  1.20.300.4000                              mb::chr(1).mb::chr(20).mb::chr(300).mb::chr(4000)
  v1234=>''                                  v1234=>''
  v1234                                      mb::chr(1234)
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The transpile-list below is primarily for Microsoft Windows, but it also applies when run on other operating systems to ensure commonality.
Even if Perl 5.00503, you can stack file test operators, -r -w -f $file works as -f $file && -w _ && -r _.

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
  chdir                                      mb::_chdir
  opendir(DIR,'dir')                         mb::_opendir(\*DIR,'dir')
  opendir DIR,'dir'                          mb::_opendir \*DIR,'dir'
  opendir($dh,'dir')                         mb::_opendir($dh,'dir')
  opendir $dh,'dir'                          mb::_opendir $dh,'dir'
  opendir(my $dh,'dir')                      mb::_opendir(my $dh,'dir')
  opendir my $dh,'dir'                       mb::_opendir my $dh,'dir'
  unlink                                     mb::_unlink
  lstat()                                    mb::_lstat()
  lstat('a')                                 mb::_lstat('a')
  lstat("a")                                 mb::_lstat("a")
  lstat(`a`)                                 mb::_lstat(`a`)
  lstat(m/a/)                                mb::_lstat(m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/a/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}})
  lstat(q/a/)                                mb::_lstat(q/a/)
  lstat(qq/a/)                               mb::_lstat(qq/a/)
  lstat(qr/a/)                               mb::_lstat(qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/a/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}})
  lstat(qw/a/)                               mb::_lstat(qw/a/)
  lstat(qx/a/)                               mb::_lstat(qx/a/)
  lstat(s/a/b/)                              mb::_lstat(s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr/a/ ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . qq /b/}e)
  lstat(tr/a/b/)                             mb::_lstat(s{(\G${mb::_anchor})((?=[a])@{mb::_dot})}{$1.mb::tr($2,q/a/,q/b/,'r')}sge)
  lstat(y/a/b/)                              mb::_lstat(s{(\G${mb::_anchor})((?=[a])@{mb::_dot})}{$1.mb::tr($2,q/a/,q/b/,'r')}sge)
  lstat($fh)                                 mb::_lstat($fh)
  lstat(FILE)                                mb::_lstat(\*FILE)
  lstat(_)                                   mb::_lstat(\*_)
  lstat $fh                                  mb::_lstat $fh
  lstat FILE                                 mb::_lstat \*FILE
  lstat _                                    mb::_lstat \*_
  lstat                                      mb::_lstat
  stat()                                     mb::_stat()
  stat('a')                                  mb::_stat('a')
  stat("a")                                  mb::_stat("a")
  stat(`a`)                                  mb::_stat(`a`)
  stat(m/a/)                                 mb::_stat(m{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/a/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}})
  stat(q/a/)                                 mb::_stat(q/a/)
  stat(qq/a/)                                mb::_stat(qq/a/)
  stat(qr/a/)                                mb::_stat(qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/a/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}})
  stat(qw/a/)                                mb::_stat(qw/a/)
  stat(qx/a/)                                mb::_stat(qx/a/)
  stat(s/a/b/)                               mb::_stat(s{(\G${mb::_anchor})@{[qr/a/ ]}@{[mb::_s_passed()]}}{$1 . qq /b/}e)
  stat(tr/a/b/)                              mb::_stat(s{(\G${mb::_anchor})((?=[a])@{mb::_dot})}{$1.mb::tr($2,q/a/,q/b/,'r')}sge)
  stat(y/a/b/)                               mb::_stat(s{(\G${mb::_anchor})((?=[a])@{mb::_dot})}{$1.mb::tr($2,q/a/,q/b/,'r')}sge)
  stat($fh)                                  mb::_stat($fh)
  stat(FILE)                                 mb::_stat(\*FILE)
  stat(_)                                    mb::_stat(\*_)
  stat $fh                                   mb::_stat $fh
  stat FILE                                  mb::_stat \*FILE
  stat _                                     mb::_stat \*_
  stat                                       mb::_stat
  -A $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -A)],  $fh
  -A 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -A)],  'file'
  -A FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -A )], \*FILE
  -A _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -A )], \*_
  -A qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -A  )], qq{file}
  -B $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -B)],  $fh
  -B 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -B)],  'file'
  -B FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -B )], \*FILE
  -B _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -B )], \*_
  -B qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -B  )], qq{file}
  -C $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -C)],  $fh
  -C 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -C)],  'file'
  -C FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -C )], \*FILE
  -C _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -C )], \*_
  -C qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -C  )], qq{file}
  -M $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -M)],  $fh
  -M 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -M)],  'file'
  -M FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -M )], \*FILE
  -M _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -M )], \*_
  -M qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -M  )], qq{file}
  -O $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -O)],  $fh
  -O 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -O)],  'file'
  -O FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -O )], \*FILE
  -O _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -O )], \*_
  -O qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -O  )], qq{file}
  -R $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -R)],  $fh
  -R 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -R)],  'file'
  -R FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -R )], \*FILE
  -R _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -R )], \*_
  -R qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -R  )], qq{file}
  -S $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -S)],  $fh
  -S 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -S)],  'file'
  -S FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -S )], \*FILE
  -S _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -S )], \*_
  -S qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -S  )], qq{file}
  -T $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -T)],  $fh
  -T 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -T)],  'file'
  -T FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -T )], \*FILE
  -T _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -T )], \*_
  -T qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -T  )], qq{file}
  -W $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -W)],  $fh
  -W 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -W)],  'file'
  -W FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -W )], \*FILE
  -W _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -W )], \*_
  -W qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -W  )], qq{file}
  -X $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -X)],  $fh
  -X 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -X)],  'file'
  -X FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -X )], \*FILE
  -X _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -X )], \*_
  -X qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -X  )], qq{file}
  -b $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -b)],  $fh
  -b 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -b)],  'file'
  -b FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -b )], \*FILE
  -b _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -b )], \*_
  -b qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -b  )], qq{file}
  -c $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -c)],  $fh
  -c 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -c)],  'file'
  -c FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -c )], \*FILE
  -c _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -c )], \*_
  -c qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -c  )], qq{file}
  -d $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -d)],  $fh
  -d 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -d)],  'file'
  -d FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -d )], \*FILE
  -d _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -d )], \*_
  -d qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -d  )], qq{file}
  -e $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -e)],  $fh
  -e 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -e)],  'file'
  -e FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -e )], \*FILE
  -e _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -e )], \*_
  -e qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -e  )], qq{file}
  -f $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -f)],  $fh
  -f 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -f)],  'file'
  -f FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -f )], \*FILE
  -f _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -f )], \*_
  -f qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -f  )], qq{file}
  -g $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -g)],  $fh
  -g 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -g)],  'file'
  -g FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -g )], \*FILE
  -g _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -g )], \*_
  -g qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -g  )], qq{file}
  -k $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -k)],  $fh
  -k 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -k)],  'file'
  -k FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -k )], \*FILE
  -k _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -k )], \*_
  -k qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -k  )], qq{file}
  -l $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -l)],  $fh
  -l 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -l)],  'file'
  -l FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -l )], \*FILE
  -l _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -l )], \*_
  -l qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -l  )], qq{file}
  -o $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -o)],  $fh
  -o 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -o)],  'file'
  -o FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -o )], \*FILE
  -o _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -o )], \*_
  -o qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -o  )], qq{file}
  -p $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -p)],  $fh
  -p 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -p)],  'file'
  -p FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -p )], \*FILE
  -p _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -p )], \*_
  -p qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -p  )], qq{file}
  -r $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -r)],  $fh
  -r 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -r)],  'file'
  -r -w -f $fh                               mb::_filetest [qw( -r -w -f)],  $fh
  -r -w -f 'file'                            mb::_filetest [qw( -r -w -f)],  'file'
  -r -w -f FILE                              mb::_filetest [qw( -r -w -f )], \*FILE
  -r -w -f _                                 mb::_filetest [qw( -r -w -f )], \*_
  -r -w -f qq{file}                          mb::_filetest [qw( -r -w -f  )], qq{file}
  -r FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -r )], \*FILE
  -r _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -r )], \*_
  -r qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -r  )], qq{file}
  -s $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -s)],  $fh
  -s 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -s)],  'file'
  -s FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -s )], \*FILE
  -s _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -s )], \*_
  -s qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -s  )], qq{file}
  -t $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -t)],  $fh
  -t 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -t)],  'file'
  -t FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -t )], \*FILE
  -t _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -t )], \*_
  -t qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -t  )], qq{file}
  -u $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -u)],  $fh
  -u 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -u)],  'file'
  -u FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -u )], \*FILE
  -u _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -u )], \*_
  -u qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -u  )], qq{file}
  -w $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -w)],  $fh
  -w 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -w)],  'file'
  -w FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -w )], \*FILE
  -w _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -w )], \*_
  -w qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -w  )], qq{file}
  -x $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -x)],  $fh
  -x 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -x)],  'file'
  -x FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -x )], \*FILE
  -x _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -x )], \*_
  -x qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -x  )], qq{file}
  -z $fh                                     mb::_filetest [qw( -z)],  $fh
  -z 'file'                                  mb::_filetest [qw( -z)],  'file'
  -z FILE                                    mb::_filetest [qw( -z )], \*FILE
  -z _                                       mb::_filetest [qw( -z )], \*_
  -z qq{file}                                mb::_filetest [qw( -z  )], qq{file}
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Each elements in strings or regular expressions that are double-quote like are transpiled as follows

  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  "\u\L MBCS-quotee \E\E"                    "@{[mb::ucfirst(qq<@{[mb::lc(qq< OO-quotee >)]}>)]}"
  "\L\u MBCS-quotee \E\E"                    "@{[mb::ucfirst(qq<@{[mb::lc(qq< OO-quotee >)]}>)]}"
  "\l\U MBCS-quotee \E\E"                    "@{[mb::lcfirst(qq<@{[mb::uc(qq< OO-quotee >)]}>)]}"
  "\U\l MBCS-quotee \E\E"                    "@{[mb::lcfirst(qq<@{[mb::uc(qq< OO-quotee >)]}>)]}"
  "\L MBCS-quotee \E"                        "@{[mb::lc(qq< OO-quotee >)]}"
  "\U MBCS-quotee \E"                        "@{[mb::uc(qq< OO-quotee >)]}"
  "\l MBCS-quotee \E"                        "@{[mb::lcfirst(qq< OO-quotee >)]}"
  "\u MBCS-quotee \E"                        "@{[mb::ucfirst(qq< OO-quotee >)]}"
  "\Q MBCS-quotee \E"                        "@{[quotemeta(qq< OO-quotee >)]}"
  -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Each elements in regular expressions are transpiled as follows

See:
P.1023 Multiple-Byte Anchoring in Appendix W Perl Code Examples of ISBN 1-56592-224-7 CJKV Information Processing

=head2 on every encodings

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  qr/./                                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_dot]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\B/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_B]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\D/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_D]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\H/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_H]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\N/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_N]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\R/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_R]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\S/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_S]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\V/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_V]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\W/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_W]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\b/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_b]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\d/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_d]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\h/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_h]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\s/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_s]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\v/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_v]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/\w/                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[@mb::_w]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[\b]/                                   qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[\\b])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:alnum:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:alnum:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:alpha:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:alpha:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:ascii:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:ascii:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:blank:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:blank:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:cntrl:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:cntrl:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:digit:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:digit:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:graph:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:graph:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:lower:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:lower:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:print:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:print:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:punct:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:punct:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:space:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:space:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:upper:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:upper:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:word:]]/                             qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:word:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:xdigit:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:xdigit:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^alnum:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^alnum:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^alpha:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^alpha:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^ascii:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^ascii:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^blank:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^blank:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^cntrl:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^cntrl:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^digit:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^digit:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^graph:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^graph:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^lower:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^lower:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^print:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^print:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^punct:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^punct:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^space:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^space:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^upper:]]/                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^upper:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^word:]]/                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^word:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr/[[:^xdigit:]]/                          qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr/(?:@{[mb::_cc(qq[[:^xdigit:]])]})/ ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on big5 encoding

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  qr'.'                                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|.)' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\B'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\D'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![0123456789])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\H'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\N'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?!\n)(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\R'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?>\r\n|[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\S'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\t\n\f\r\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\V'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\W'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\b'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\d'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[0123456789]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\h'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x09\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\s'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\t\n\f\r\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\v'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\w'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[\b]'                                   qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x08])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alnum:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alpha:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:ascii:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:blank:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:cntrl:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:digit:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:graph:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:lower:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:print:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:punct:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:space:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:upper:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:word:]]'                             qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:xdigit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alnum:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alpha:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^ascii:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^blank:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^cntrl:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^digit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^graph:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^lower:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^print:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^punct:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^space:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^upper:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^word:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^xdigit:]]'                          qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on big5hkscs encoding

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  qr'.'                                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|.)' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\B'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\D'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![0123456789])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\H'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\N'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?!\n)(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\R'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?>\r\n|[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\S'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\t\n\f\r\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\V'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\W'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\b'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\d'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[0123456789]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\h'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x09\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\s'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\t\n\f\r\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\v'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\w'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[\b]'                                   qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x08])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alnum:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alpha:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:ascii:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:blank:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:cntrl:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:digit:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:graph:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:lower:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:print:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:punct:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:space:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:upper:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:word:]]'                             qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:xdigit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alnum:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alpha:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^ascii:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^blank:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^cntrl:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^digit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^graph:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^lower:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^print:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^punct:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^space:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^upper:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^word:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^xdigit:]]'                          qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on eucjp encoding

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  qr'.'                                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|.)' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\B'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\D'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![0123456789])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\H'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\N'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?!\n)(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\R'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?>\r\n|[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\S'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\t\n\f\r\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\V'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\W'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\b'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\d'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[0123456789]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\h'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x09\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\s'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\t\n\f\r\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\v'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\w'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[\b]'                                   qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x08])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alnum:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alpha:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:ascii:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:blank:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:cntrl:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:digit:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:graph:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:lower:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:print:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:punct:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:space:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:upper:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:word:]]'                             qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:xdigit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alnum:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alpha:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^ascii:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^blank:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^cntrl:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^digit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^graph:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^lower:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^print:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^punct:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^space:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^upper:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^word:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^xdigit:]]'                          qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xA1-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on gb18030 encoding

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  qr'.'                                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|.)' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\B'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\D'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![0123456789])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\H'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\N'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?!\n)(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\R'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?>\r\n|[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\S'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\t\n\f\r\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\V'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\W'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\b'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\d'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[0123456789]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\h'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x09\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\s'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\t\n\f\r\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\v'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\w'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[\b]'                                   qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x08])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alnum:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alpha:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:ascii:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:blank:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:cntrl:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:digit:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:graph:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:lower:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:print:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:punct:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:space:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:upper:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:word:]]'                             qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:xdigit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alnum:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alpha:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^ascii:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^blank:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^cntrl:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^digit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^graph:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^lower:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^print:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^punct:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^space:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^upper:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^word:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^xdigit:]]'                          qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39][\x81-\xFE][\x30-\x39]|[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on gbk encoding

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  qr'.'                                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|.)' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\B'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\D'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![0123456789])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\H'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\N'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?!\n)(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\R'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?>\r\n|[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\S'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\t\n\f\r\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\V'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\W'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\b'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\d'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[0123456789]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\h'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x09\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\s'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\t\n\f\r\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\v'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\w'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[\b]'                                   qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x08])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alnum:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alpha:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:ascii:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:blank:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:cntrl:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:digit:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:graph:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:lower:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:print:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:punct:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:space:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:upper:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:word:]]'                             qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:xdigit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alnum:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alpha:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^ascii:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^blank:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^cntrl:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^digit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^graph:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^lower:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^print:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^punct:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^space:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^upper:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^word:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^xdigit:]]'                          qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on rfc2279 encoding

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  qr'.'                                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|.)' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\B'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\D'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![0123456789])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\H'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\N'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?!\n)(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\R'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?>\r\n|[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\S'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\t\n\f\r\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\V'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\W'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\b'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\d'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[0123456789]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\h'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x09\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\s'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\t\n\f\r\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\v'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\w'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[\b]'                                   qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x08])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alnum:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alpha:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:ascii:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:blank:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:cntrl:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:digit:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:graph:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:lower:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:print:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:punct:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:space:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:upper:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:word:]]'                             qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:xdigit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alnum:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alpha:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^ascii:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^blank:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^cntrl:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^digit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^graph:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^lower:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^print:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^punct:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^space:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^upper:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^word:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^xdigit:]]'                          qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF4][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on sjis encoding

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  qr'.'                                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|.)' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\B'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\D'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![0123456789])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\H'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\N'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?!\n)(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\R'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?>\r\n|[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\S'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\t\n\f\r\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\V'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\W'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\b'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\d'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[0123456789]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\h'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x09\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\s'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\t\n\f\r\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\v'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\w'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[\b]'                                   qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x08])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alnum:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alpha:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:ascii:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:blank:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:cntrl:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:digit:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:graph:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:lower:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:print:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:punct:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:space:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:upper:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:word:]]'                             qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:xdigit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alnum:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alpha:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^ascii:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^blank:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^cntrl:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^digit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^graph:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^lower:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^print:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^punct:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^space:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^upper:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^word:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^xdigit:]]'                          qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\x9F\xE0-\xFC][\x00-\xFF]|[\x80-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on uhc encoding

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  qr'.'                                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|.)' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\B'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\D'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![0123456789])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\H'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\N'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?!\n)(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\R'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?>\r\n|[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\S'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\t\n\f\r\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\V'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\W'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\b'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\d'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[0123456789]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\h'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x09\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\s'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\t\n\f\r\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\v'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\w'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[\b]'                                   qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x08])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alnum:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alpha:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:ascii:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:blank:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:cntrl:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:digit:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:graph:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:lower:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:print:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:punct:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:space:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:upper:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:word:]]'                             qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:xdigit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alnum:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alpha:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^ascii:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^blank:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^cntrl:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^digit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^graph:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^lower:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^print:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^punct:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^space:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^upper:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^word:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^xdigit:]]'                          qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\x81-\xFE][\x00-\xFF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on utf8 encoding

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  qr'.'                                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|.)' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\B'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\D'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![0123456789])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\H'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\N'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?!\n)(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\R'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?>\r\n|[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\S'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\t\n\f\r\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\V'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\W'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\b'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\d'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[0123456789]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\h'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x09\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\s'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\t\n\f\r\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\v'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\w'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[\b]'                                   qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x08])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alnum:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alpha:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:ascii:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:blank:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:cntrl:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:digit:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:graph:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:lower:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:print:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:punct:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:space:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:upper:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:word:]]'                             qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:xdigit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alnum:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alpha:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^ascii:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^blank:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^cntrl:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^digit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^graph:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^lower:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^print:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^punct:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^space:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^upper:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^word:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^xdigit:]]'                          qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEC][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xEE-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xED-\xED][\x80-\x9F][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head2 on wtf8 encoding

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script                             script transpiled by this software
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  qr'.'                                      qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|.)' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\B'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\D'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![0123456789])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\H'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\N'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?!\n)(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\R'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?>\r\n|[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\S'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\t\n\f\r\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\V'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\W'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\b'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?<![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])|(?<=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_])(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\d'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[0123456789]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\h'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x09\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\s'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\t\n\f\r\x20]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\v'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[\x0A\x0B\x0C\x0D]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'\w'                                     qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789_]' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[\b]'                                   qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x08])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alnum:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:alpha:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:ascii:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:blank:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:cntrl:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:digit:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:graph:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:lower:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:print:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:punct:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:space:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:upper:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:word:]]'                             qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:xdigit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=[\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alnum:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^alpha:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x41-\x5A\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^ascii:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^blank:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x09\x20])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^cntrl:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x00-\x1F\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^digit:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^graph:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^lower:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^print:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x20-\x7F])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^punct:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x21-\x2F\x3A-\x3F\x40\x5B-\x5F\x60\x7B-\x7E])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^space:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\s\x0B])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^upper:]]'                           qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^word:]]'                            qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x5A\x5F\x61-\x7A])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  qr'[[:^xdigit:]]'                          qr{\G${mb::_anchor}@{[qr'(?:(?=(?:(?![\x30-\x39\x41-\x46\x61-\x66])(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F]))))(?^:(?>(?>[\xE1-\xEF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xE0-\xE0][\xA0-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF0-\xF0][\x90-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF1-\xF3][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF]|[\xF4-\xF4][\x80-\x8F][\x80-\xBF][\x80-\xBF])|[\x00-\x7F])))' ]}@{[mb::_m_passed()]}}
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

=head1 Command-line Wildcard Expansion on Microsoft Windows

cmd.exe that is default command shell of Microsoft Windows doesn't expand wildcard arguments supplied onto command line.
But this software helps it.

  # @ARGV wildcard globbing
  if ($OSNAME =~ /MSWin32/) {
      my @argv = ();
      for (@ARGV) {

          # has space
          if (/\A (?:$x)*? [ ] /xms) {
              if (my @glob = mb::dosglob(qq{"$_"})) {
                  push @argv, @glob;
              }
              else {
                  push @argv, $_;
              }
          }

          # has wildcard metachar
          elsif (/\A (?:$x)*? [*?] /xms) {
              if (my @glob = mb::dosglob($_)) {
                  push @argv, @glob;
              }
              else {
                  push @argv, $_;
              }
          }

          # no wildcard globbing
          else {
              push @argv, $_;
          }
      }
      @ARGV = @argv;
  }

=head1 DEPENDENCIES

This mb.pm modulino requires perl5.00503 or later to use. Also requires 'strict' module.
It requires the 'warnings' module, too if perl 5.6 or later.

=head1 Fatal Bugs Unavoidable

For several reasons, we were unable to achieve the following features:

=over 2

=item *

chdir() on Microsoft Windows

Function chdir() cannot work if path is ended by chr(0x5C).

  This problem is specific to Microsoft Windows. It is not caused by the mb.pm
  modulino or the perl interpreter.

  # chdir.pl
  mkdir((qw( ソ ))[0], 0777);
  print "got=", chdir((qw( ソ ))[0]), " cwd=", `cd`;

  C:\HOME>perl5.00503.exe chdir.pl
    GOOD ==> got=1 cwd=C:\HOME\ソ

  C:\HOME>strawberry-perl-5.8.9.5.exe chdir.pl
    BAD ==> got=1 cwd=C:\HOME

This is a lost technology in this century.

  # suggested module name
  use mb::WinDir; # supports for all MBCS on Microsoft Windows
  my $wd = mb::WinDir->new('ソ');
  $wd->chdir('..');
  $wd->open(my $fh, ...);

=item *

Limitation of Regular Expression

This software has limitation from \G in multibyte anchoring.
Only perl 5.38.0 or later can treat the codepoint string which exceeds 2147483646 octets with a regular expression,
only perl 5.30.0 or later can treat the codepoint string which exceeds 65534 octets with a regular expression,
and only perl 5.10.1 or later can 32766 octets.

  see also,

  The upper limit "n" specifiable in a regular expression quantifier of the form "{m,n}" has been doubled to 65534
  https://metacpan.org/pod/release/XSAWYERX/perl-5.30.0/pod/perldelta.pod#The-upper-limit-%22n%22-specifiable-in-a-regular-expression-quantifier-of-the-form-%22%7Bm,n%7D%22-has-been-doubled-to-65534

  In 5.10.0, the * quantifier in patterns was sometimes treated as {0,32767}
  http://perldoc.perl.org/perl5101delta.html

  [perl #116379] \G can't treat over 32767 octet
  http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2013/01/msg197320.html

  perlre - Perl regular expressions
  http://perldoc.perl.org/perlre.html

  perlre length limit
  http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4592467/perlre-length-limit

  REG_INF has been raised from 65,536 to 2,147,483,647
  https://perldoc.perl.org/perl5380delta#REG_INF-has-been-raised-from-65,536-to-2,147,483,647

Everything in this world has limits. If you use perl 5.10 or later, or perl 5.30 or later, or perl 5.38 or later, you can increase those limits.
That's better way.

=back

=head1 Small Bugs (Avoidable by Your Scripting)

You can avoid the following bugs with little hacks.

=over 2

=item *

Special Variables $` and $& need m/( Capture All )/

If you use the special variables $ ` or $&, you must enclose the entire regular expression in parentheses.
Because $` and $& needs $1 to implement its.

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  in your script      after m//, works as                         after s///, works as
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  $`                  CORE::substr($&, 0, -CORE::length($1))      $1
  ${`}                CORE::substr($&, 0, -CORE::length($1))      $1
  $PREMATCH           CORE::substr($&, 0, -CORE::length($1))      $1
  ${^PREMATCH}        CORE::substr($&, 0, -CORE::length($1))      $1
  $&                  $1                                          CORE::substr($&, CORE::length($1))
  ${&}                $1                                          CORE::substr($&, CORE::length($1))
  $MATCH              $1                                          CORE::substr($&, CORE::length($1))
  ${^MATCH}           $1                                          CORE::substr($&, CORE::length($1))
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In the past, Perl scripts with special variables $` and $& had a problem with slow execution.
Both that era and today, capturing by parentheses works well.

=item *

Return Value from tr///s

tr/// (or y///) operator with /s modifier returns 1 always. If you need right
value, you can use mb::tr().

  $var1 = 'AAA';
  $got = $var1 =~ tr/A/1/s; # works as $got = $var1 =~ s{[\x00-\xFF]*}{mb::tr($&,q/A/,q/1/,'sr')}e;
    BAD ==> got 1

  $var2 = 'BBB';
  $got = $var2 =~ tr/A/1/s; # works as $got = $var2 =~ s{[\x00-\xFF]*}{mb::tr($&,q/A/,q/1/,'sr')}e;
    BAD ==> got 1

  $var3 = 'AAA';
  $got = mb::tr($var3,'A','1','s'); # works as $got = mb::tr($var3,'A','1','s');
    GOOD ==> got 3

Usage of mb::tr()

  $transliterated_codepoint_count =
  mb::tr($MBCS_string, $searchlist, $replacementlist, $modifier);

  $transliterated_codepoint_count =
  mb::tr($MBCS_string, $searchlist, $replacementlist);

mb::tr() is a runtime routine to implement tr/// operator for MBCS codepoint.
This subroutine scans an $MBCS_string by codepoint and replaces all occurrences of the codepoint found in $searchlist with the corresponding codepoint in $replacementlist.
It returns count of codepoint transliterated or deleted except on /s modifier used.

$modifier are:

  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  Modifier   Meaning
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
  c          Complement $searchlist.
  d          Delete found but unreplaced characters.
  s          Squash duplicate replaced characters.
  r          Return transliteration and leave the original string untouched.
  ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

To use with a read-only value without raising an exception, use the /r modifier.

  print mb::tr('bookkeeper','boep','peob','r'); # prints 'peekkoobor'

=item *

mb::substr as Lvalue

If perl version is older than 5.14, mb::substr differs from CORE::substr, and cannot be used as an lvalue.
To change part of a string, you need use the optional fourth argument which is the replacement string.

mb::substr($string, 13, 4, "JPerl");

If you use perl 5.14 or later, you can use lvalue feature.

=back

=head1 Comming Features (Tell us Good Idea)

Unfortunately, we couldn't make following features. Could you tell us better idea?

=over 2

=item *

Cloister of Regular Expression

The cloister (?i) and (?i:...) of a regular expression on encoding of big5, big5hkscs, gb18030, gbk, sjis, and uhc will not be implemented for the time being.
I didn't implement this feature because it was difficult to implement and less necessary.
If you're interested in this issue, try challenge it.

=item *

Look-behind Assertion

The look-behind assertion like (?<=[A-Z]) or (?<![A-Z]) are not prevented from matching trail octet of the previous MBCS codepoint.

=back

=head1 Lost Features

mb.pm modulino does not support the following features intentionally.
There are no plans to implement it in the future, too.

=over 2

=item *

Delimiter of String and Regexp

qq//, q//, qw//, qx//, qr//, m//, s///, tr///, and y/// can't use a wide codepoint as the delimiter.
I didn't implement this feature because it's rarely needed.

=item *

fc(), lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), and ucfirst()

fc() not supported. lc(), lcfirst(), uc(), and ucfirst() support US-ASCII only.

  # suggested module name
  use mb::Casing; # supports for all MBCS, including UTF-8
  my $lc_string      = mb::Casing::lc($string);
  my $lcfirst_string = mb::Casing::lcfirst($string);
  my $uc_string      = mb::Casing::uc($string);
  my $ucfirst_string = mb::Casing::ucfirst($string);
  my $fc_string      = mb::Casing::fc($string);

=item *

Hyphen of tr/// Supports US-ASCII Only

Supported ranges of tr/// and y/// by hyphen are US-ASCII only.

=item *

Modifier /a /d /l and /u of Regular Expression

I have removed these modifiers to remove your headache.
The concept of this software is not to use two or more encoding methods as literal string and literal of regexp in one Perl script.
Therefore, modifier /a, /d, /l, and /u are not supported.
\d means [0-9] always.

=item *

Empty Variable in Regular Expression

An empty literal string as regexp means empty string. Unlike original Perl, if 'pattern' is an empty string, the last successfully matched regexp is NOT used.
Similarly, empty string made by interpolated variable means empty string, too.

=item *

Named Codepoint

A named codepoint, such \N{GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON}, \N{greek:epsilon}, or \N{epsilon} is not supported.

  # suggested module name
  use mb::Charnames qw( %N ); # supports for all MBCS, including UTF-8
  print "$N{'GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON'}";

  # By the way, you know how great it is to be able to write MBCS literal strings in your Perl scripts, right?

=item *

Unicode Properties (aka Codepoint Properties) of Regular Expression

Unicode properties (aka codepoint properties) of regexp are not available.
Also (?[]) in regexp of perl 5.18 is not available. There is no plans to currently support these.

  # suggested module name
  use mb::RegExp::Properties qw( %p %P ); # supports for all MBCS, including UTF-8
  $string =~ /$p{Uppercase}/;

This feature (\p{prop} and \P{prop}) is not stable in the Perl specification.
Thus, this feature is not available in scripts that require long-term maintenance.

  For example, [:alpha:]
  at Perl 5.005   (not supported)
  at Perl 5.6     \p{IsAlpha}
  at Perl 5.12.1  \p{PosixAlpha}, and \p{Alpha}
  at Perl 5.14    \p{X_POSIX_Alpha}, \p{POSIX_Alpha}, \p{XPosixAlpha}, and \p{PosixAlpha}

=item *

\b{...} \B{...} Boundaries in Regular Expressions

Following \b{...} \B{...} available starting in Perl 5.22 are not supported.

  \b{gcb} or \b{g}   Unicode "Grapheme Cluster Boundary"
  \b{sb}             Unicode "Sentence Boundary"
  \b{wb}             Unicode "Word Boundary"
  \B{gcb} or \B{g}   Unicode "Grapheme Cluster Boundary" doesn't match
  \B{sb}             Unicode "Sentence Boundary" doesn't match
  \B{wb}             Unicode "Word Boundary" doesn't match

  # suggested module name
  use mb::RegExp::Boundaries qw( %b %B ); # supports for all MBCS, including UTF-8
  $string =~ /$b{wb}(.+)$b{wb}/;

This feature (\b{...} and \B{...}) considered not yet stable in the Perl specification.

=item *

?? and m?? are Not Supported

Multibyte character needs ( ) which is before {n,m}, {n,}, {n}, *, and + in ?? or m??.
As a result, you need to rewrite a script about $1,$2,$3,... You cannot use (?: ), ?, {n,m}?, {n,}?, and {n}? in ?? and m??, because delimiter of m?? is '?'.
Here's a quote words from Dan Kogai-san.
"(I'm just a programmer,) so I can't fix the bug of the spec."

=item *

format

Unlike JPerl, mb.pm modulino does not support the format feature.
Because it is difficult to implement and you can write the same script in other any ways.

=back

=head1 Our Goals

P.401 See chapter 15: Unicode
of ISBN 0-596-00027-8 Programming Perl Third Edition.

Before the introduction of Unicode support in perl, The eq operator just compared the byte-strings represented by two scalars.
Beginning with perl 5.8, eq compares two byte-strings with simultaneous consideration of the UTF8 flag.

"I/O flow" L<https://metacpan.org/pod/perlunitut#I/O-flow-(the-actual-5-minute-tutorial)> shows us this

  The typical input/output flow of a program is:
  1. Receive and decode
  2. Process
  3. Encode and output

-- we have been taught so for a long time.

However,

  Every inside has
    its inside that has
    its inside that has
    its inside that has ...

  Every outside has
    its outside that has
    its outside that has
    its outside that has ...

We know inside has its inside more, outside has its outside more.
Inside is never only one and outside is never only one.
So string model of Perl 5.8 cannot fit our common thinking.

Spreading of EMOJI on MBCS encoding in today had remind us this idea is not bad.

B<UTF8 flag is harmful.>

Information processing model beginning with perl 5.8

    +----------------------+---------------------+
    |     Text strings     |                     |
    +----------+-----------|    Binary strings   |
    |  UTF-8   |  Latin-1  |                     |
    +----------+-----------+---------------------+
    | UTF8     |            Not UTF8             |
    | Flagged  |            Flagged              |
    +--------------------------------------------+

L<http://perl-users.jp/articles/advent-calendar/2010/casual/4>

Since double meanings of "Binary string", Perl string model has some confusing.

It's following two meanings:

=over 2

=item *

Non-Text string

=item *

Digital octet string

=back

Let's write again using them.

    +----------------------+---------------------+
    |     Text strings     |                     |
    +----------+-----------|   Non-Text strings  |
    |  UTF-8   |  Latin-1  |                     |
    +----------+-----------+---------------------+
    | UTF8     |            Not UTF8             |
    | Flagged  |            Flagged              |
    +--------------------------------------------+
    |            Digital octet string            |
    +--------------------------------------------+

Perl 5.8's string model will not be accepted by common people.

=over 2

=item *

Information processing model of UNIX/C-ism

=item *

Information processing model of perl3 or later

=item *

Information processing model of this software

=back

    +--------------------------------------------+
    |    Text string as Digital octet string     |
    |    Digital octet string as Text string     |
    +--------------------------------------------+
    |       Not UTF8 Flagged, No MOJIBAKE        |
    +--------------------------------------------+

In UNIX Everything is a File

=over 2

=item *

In UNIX everything is a stream of bytes

=item *

In UNIX the filesystem is used as a universal name space

=back

Native Encoding Scripting is ...

=over 2

=item *

native encoding of file contents

=item *

native encoding of file name on filesystem

=item *

native encoding of command line

=item *

native encoding of environment variable

=item *

native encoding of API

=item *

native encoding of network packet

=item *

native encoding of database

=back

Ideally, We'd like to achieve these five Goals:

=over 2

=item *

Goal #1:

Old byte-oriented programs should not spontaneously break on the old byte-oriented data they used to work on.

This software attempts to achieve this goal by embedded functions work as traditional and stably.

=item *

Goal #2:

Old byte-oriented programs should magically start working on the new character-oriented data when appropriate.

This software is not a magician, so cannot see your mind and run it.

You must decide and write octet semantics or codepoint semantics yourself in case by case.

figure of Goal #1 and Goal #2.

                               Goal #1 Goal #2
                        (a)     (b)     (c)     (d)     (e)
      +--------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
      | data         |  Old  |  Old  |  New  |  Old  |  New  |
      +--------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
      | script       |  Old  |      Old      |      New      |
      +--------------+-------+---------------+---------------+
      | interpreter  |  Old  |              New              |
      +--------------+-------+-------------------------------+
      Old --- Old byte-oriented
      New --- New codepoint-oriented

There is a combination from (a) to (e) in data, script, and interpreter of old and new. Let's add JPerl, utf8 pragma, and this software.

                        (a)     (b)     (c)     (d)     (e)
                                      JPerl            utf8
                                      mb.pm
      +--------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
      | data         |  Old  |  Old  |  New  |  Old  |  New  |
      +--------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+
      | script       |  Old  |      Old      |      New      |
      +--------------+-------+---------------+---------------+
      | interpreter  |  Old  |              New              |
      +--------------+-------+-------------------------------+
      Old --- Old byte-oriented
      New --- New codepoint-oriented

The reason why JPerl is very excellent is that it is at the position of (c).
That is, it is almost not necessary to write a special code to process new codepoint oriented script.

=item *

Goal #3:

Programs should run just as fast in the new character-oriented mode as in the old byte-oriented mode.

It is impossible. Because the following time is necessary.

(1) Time of escape MBCS script to byte-oriented perl

(2) Time of processing multibyte anchoring in regular expression

=item *

Goal #4:

Perl should remain one language, rather than forking into a byte-oriented Perl and a character-oriented Perl.

JPerl remains one Perl "language" by forking to two "interpreters."
However, the Perl core team did not desire fork of the "interpreter."
As a result, Perl "language" forked contrary to goal #4.

A codepoint oriented perl is not necessary to make it specially, because a byte-oriented perl can already treat the binary data.
This software is only an application program of byte-oriented Perl, a filter program.

And you will get support from the Perl community, when you solve the problem by the Perl script.

mb.pm modulino remains one "language" and one "interpreter."

=item *

Goal #5:

mb.pm users will be able to maintain mb.pm by Perl.

May the mb.pm be with you, always.

=back

Back when Programming Perl, 3rd edition was written, UTF8 flag was not born and Perl is designed to make the easy jobs do easy.
This software provides programming environment like at that time.

=head1 Perl's Motto

Some computer scientists (the reductionists, in particular) would like to deny it, but people have funny-shaped minds.
Mental geography is not linear, and cannot be mapped onto a flat surface without severe distortion.
But for the last score years or so, computer reductionists have been first bowing down at the Temple of Orthogonality, then rising up to preach their ideas of ascetic rectitude to any who would listen.

Their fervent but misguided desire was simply to squash your mind to fit their mindset, to smush your patterns of thought into some sort of Hyperdimensional Flatland.
It's a joyless existence, being smushed.

--- Learning Perl on Win32 Systems

If you think this is a big headache, you're right.
No one likes this situation, but Perl does the best it can with the input and encodings it has to deal with.
If only we could reset history and not make so many mistakes next time.

--- Learning Perl 6th Edition

The most important thing for most people to know about handling Unicode data in Perl, however, is that if you don't ever use any Unicode data -- if none of your files are marked as UTF-8 and you don't use UTF-8 locales
-- then you can happily pretend that you're back in Perl 5.005_03 land;
the Unicode features will in no way interfere with your code unless you're explicitly using them.
Sometimes the twin goals of embracing Unicode but not disturbing old-style byte-oriented scripts has led to compromise and confusion, but it's the Perl way to silently do the right thing, which is what Perl ends up doing.

--- Advanced Perl Programming, 2nd Edition

However, the ability to have any character in a string means you can create, scan, and manipulate raw binary data as string
-- something with which many other utilities would have great difficulty.

--- Learning Perl 8th Edition

=head1 Combinations of mb.pm Modulino and Other Modules

The following is a description of all the situations in mb.pm modulino is used in Japan.

  +-------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | OS encoding | I/O encoding |                           script encoding                           |
  |             |              |----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
  |             |              |              Sjis                |              UTF-8               |
  +-------------+--------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
  |             |              |  > perl mb.pm script.pl          |  > perl mb.pm -e utf8 script.pl  |
  |             |    Sjis      |                                  |  use IOas::Sjis;  # I/O          |
  |             |              |                                  |  use mb::Encode;  # file-path    |
  |    Sjis     +--------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
  |             |              |  > perl mb.pm script.pl          |  > perl mb.pm -e utf8 script.pl  |
  |             |    UTF-8     |  use IOas::UTF8; # I/O           |                                  |
  |             |              |                                  |  use mb::Encode;  # file-path    |
  +-------------+--------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
  |             |              |  $ perl mb.pm -e sjis script.pl  |  $ perl mb.pm script.pl          |
  |             |    Sjis      |                                  |  use IOas::Sjis;  # I/O          |
  |             |              |  use mb::Encode; # file-path     |                                  |
  |    UTF-8    +--------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
  |             |              |  $ perl mb.pm -e sjis script.pl  |  $ perl mb.pm script.pl          |
  |             |    UTF-8     |  use IOas::UTF8; # I/O           |                                  |
  |             |              |  use mb::Encode; # file-path     |                                  |
  +-------------+--------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+

Some of the above are useful combinations

  +-------------+--------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
  | OS encoding | I/O encoding |                           script encoding                           |
  |             |              |----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
  |             |              |              Sjis                |              UTF-8               |
  +-------------+--------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
  |             |              |  > perl mb.pm script.pl          |                                  |
  |             |    Sjis      |                                  |                                  |
  |             |              |                                  |                                  |
  |    Sjis     +--------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
  |             |              |                                  |  > perl mb.pm -e utf8 script.pl  |
  |             |    UTF-8     |                                  |                                  |
  |             |              |                                  |  use mb::Encode;  # file-path    |
  +-------------+--------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
  |             |              |  $ perl mb.pm -e sjis script.pl  |                                  |
  |             |    Sjis      |                                  |                                  |
  |             |              |  use mb::Encode; # file-path     |                                  |
  |    UTF-8    +--------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+
  |             |              |                                  |  $ perl mb.pm script.pl          |
  |             |    UTF-8     |                                  |                                  |
  |             |              |                                  |                                  |
  +-------------+--------------+----------------------------------+----------------------------------+

Description of combinations

  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  encoding
  O-I-S     description
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  S-S-S     Best choice when I/O is Sjis encoding
  S-S-U
  S-U-S
  S-U-U     Better choice when I/O is UTF-8 encoding, since not so slow
  U-S-S     Better choice when I/O is Sjis  encoding, since not so slow
  U-S-U
  U-U-S
  U-U-U     Best choice when I/O is UTF-8 encoding
  ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Using Encode::decode and Encode::encode for file contents, *you* and operators lose two precious things.
One is the time.
Other one is the original data.
Generally speaking, data conversion lose information -- unless perfectly convert one to one.
Moreover, if you have made script's bug, you will know its bug on too late.
If you convert encoding of file path -- not file contents, you will know its bug on the time when you test it.

=head1 Using mb.pm Modulino vs. Using UTF8::R2 Module

CPAN shows us there are mb.pm modulino and UTF8::R2 module.
mb.pm modulino is a source code filter for MBCS encoding, and UTF8::R2 module is a utility for UTF-8 support.
We can use each advantages using following hints.

=head2 Advantages of mb.pm Modulino

=over 2

=item *

supports many MBCS encodings, Big5, Big5-HKSCS, EUC-JP, GB18030, GBK, Sjis(also CP932), UHC, UTF-8, and WTF-8

=item *

JPerl-like syntax that supports "easy jobs must be easy"

=item *

regexp ("m//", "qr//", and "s///") works as codepoint

=item *

"split()" works as codepoint

=item *

"tr///" works as codepoint

=back

=head2 Disadvantages of mb.pm Modulino

=over 2

=item *

have to type "perl mb.pm your_script.pl ..." on command line everytime

=item *

have obtrusive files(your_script.oo.pl)

=back

=head2 Advantages of UTF8::R2 Module

=over 2

=item *

type only "perl your_script.pl ..." on command line

=item *

no obtrusive files(your_script.oo.pl)

=back

=head2 Disadvantages of UTF8::R2 Module

=over 2

=item *

supports only UTF-8 encoding

=item *

have to write "$mb{qr/regexp/imsxo}" to do "m/regexp/imsxo" that works as codepoint

=item *

have to write "m<\G$mb{qr/regexp/imsxo}>gc" to do "m/regexp/imsxogc" that works as codepoint

=item *

have to write "s<$mb{qr/before/imsxo}><after>egr" to do "s/before/after/imsxoegr" that works as codepoint

=item *

have to write "UTF8::R2::split(qr/regexp/, $_, 3)" to do "split(/regexp/, $_, 3)" that works as codepoint

=item *

have to write "UTF8::R2::tr($_, 'A-C', 'X-Z', 'cdsr')" to do "$_ =~ tr/A-C/X-Z/cdsr" that works as codepoint

=back

=head1 Runtime multibyte interface (mb::qr / mb::valid / mb::split) and the three transpile paths

A script reaches multibyte codepoint semantics with mb.pm in one of three ways.
They are additive: the long-standing octet-oriented convention ("use mb;" then
call mb::* on octet data) is unchanged, and a script picks the path it wants.

The three ways differ in WHO rewrites your code, WHEN, and HOW MUCH of it:

  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  path           how to invoke         what gets codepoint    perl versions
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------
  1 filter       use mb;               the whole rest of the  5.8 and later
                 (or use mb 'utf8';)   file, transpiled at
                                       compile time
  2 modulino     perl mb.pm script.pl  the whole script,      5.005_03 and
                                       transpiled before it     later
                                       runs
  3 runtime      use mb qw(*mb utf8);  only where you call    5.005_03 and
                                       mb::qr / mb::valid /     later
                                       mb::split / $mb{...}
  -------------------------------------------------------------------------

Rules of thumb for choosing a path:

=over 2

=item *

Use B<path 1 (filter)> for a fresh script on a modern perl (5.8+) when you
want plain-looking source ("length", "substr", "m/./" all in codepoint
semantics) and do not want a wrapper command.  This is the easiest path.

=item *

Use B<path 2 (modulino)> when you must also support perl 5.005_03 / 5.6 (where
the source filter is unavailable), when you ship a single-file program run as
"perl mb.pm script.pl", or when the script has a __DATA__/__END__ section that
must be read through <DATA> (the modulino keeps the *.oo child interpreter for
exactly that case).

=item *

Use B<path 3 (runtime)> when you want surgical control: keep the file as
ordinary octet Perl and reach for codepoint behaviour only at the few spots
that need it (one regex, one split, one validity check).  This is also the way
to add mb behaviour to code you do not want to transpile wholesale, and it
mirrors "use UTF8::R2 qw(*mb);".

=back

=head2 The three paths

=over 2

=item *

Path 1, the opportunistic source filter (perl 5.8 or later).
A plain "use mb;" (or "use mb 'utf8';" etc.) installs a source filter that
transpiles the rest of the file to codepoint semantics, so no modulino is
needed.  As an additive guard, a script that itself calls
mb::set_script_encoding() is treated as octet-oriented and is passed through
unchanged, exactly as before.  On perl 5.005_03 / 5.6 the filter is
unavailable and "use mb;" loads as the plain runtime import (it does not die);
transpilation there is via the modulino as always.

=item *

Path 2, the modulino ("perl mb.pm your_script.pl ...").
A script with no __DATA__/__END__ section is transpiled and run in process by
an internal eval with no temporary file; a script that does contain
__DATA__/__END__ keeps the previous behaviour (write your_script.oo.pl when
stale, then run it through a child interpreter, so <DATA> works).

=item *

Path 3, the runtime interface ("use mb qw(*mb utf8);").
The *mb / %mb token requests the runtime interface and suppresses the path-1
filter.  Your source stays ordinary Perl and you call the runtime subroutines
below where you want codepoint behaviour.  This mirrors "use UTF8::R2 qw(*mb);".

=back

=head2 The runtime subroutines

=over 2

=item *

mb::qr(qr/regexp/)

Builds a multibyte codepoint regular expression at run time.  It is the
functional form of $mb{qr/regexp/}: the two are equivalent.

  use mb qw(*mb utf8);
  if ($str =~ mb::qr(qr/./)) { ... }     # "." matches one codepoint
  while ($str =~ m{\G$mb{qr/(.)/}gc}) { ... }

mb::qr() returns a plain regular-expression B<string>, not a qr// object,
on purpose: on perl 5.005_03 a qr// object loses its body when interpolated
into another pattern, whereas a string interpolates losslessly from 5.005_03
onward.

=item *

mb::valid()  or  mb::valid($octets)

A non-destructive, opt-in predicate that returns 1 when the whole argument
(or $_) is well-formed under the current script encoding and 0 otherwise.
The string is never modified.  mb works directly on octet strings -- it has
no UTF-8 flag and no separate decode step -- so it does not reject malformed
input on its own; mb::valid is the explicit gate for callers who DO want to
reject it.  It tests against the STRICT unit (a well-formed multi-byte
sequence or a US-ASCII byte [\x00-\x7F]), the same strict unit the character
walk and the codepoint character classes use, so its verdict agrees with how
mb counts and matches characters (see "strict vs lenient" below).

What counts as well-formed depends on the encoding:

  mb::set_script_encoding('utf8');     # RFC 3629 strict: no surrogate,
                                       # no overlong, nothing beyond U+10FFFF
  mb::set_script_encoding('rfc2279');  # RFC 2279 permissive
  mb::set_script_encoding('wtf8');     # like utf8 but a lone surrogate is allowed

  mb::set_script_encoding('utf8');
  mb::valid("\xE3\x81\x82");           # 1 (well-formed 3-byte)
  mb::valid("\xED\xA0\x80");           # 0 (lone surrogate)

=item *

mb::split()  or  mb::split($pattern, $string, $limit)

The UTF8::R2-compatible runtime split for path-3 callers.  It splits on
codepoint boundaries, the codepoint-aware counterpart of CORE::split.  The
transpiler's own internal split helper is separate and untouched.

=back

=head2 strict vs lenient: what mb means by a "character", and how to choose

This is the single most important thing to understand about mb.

=head3 mb's character model is STRICT

When you select an encoding with mb::set_script_encoding('utf8') (or 'sjis',
'eucjp', ...), mb defines one "character" (one codepoint unit) as:

  a well-formed multi-byte sequence of that encoding,  OR
  a single US-ASCII byte [\x00-\x7F]

and nothing else.  A stray high octet that does not begin (or complete) a
well-formed sequence is NOT a character.  Concretely, the codepoint walk used
by mb::length / mb::substr / mb::index and friends advances one strict unit at
a time and STOPS at the first octet it cannot account for:

  mb::set_script_encoding('utf8');
  mb::length("A\x85B");     # 1  -- "A" is one unit; 0x85 is a stray
                            #       continuation byte, the walk halts there

What counts as "stray" is encoding-dependent, because each encoding defines a
different set of well-formed sequences:

  mb::set_script_encoding('sjis');
  mb::length("A\x85B");     # 2  -- under sjis 0x85 is a legal lead byte,
                            #       so "\x85B" is one (DBCS) character

So the very same octets are 1 character under utf8 and 2 characters under
sjis.  "Strict" therefore means "strict with respect to the current encoding",
not "the same for every encoding".

The codepoint character classes that the transpiler and the runtime engine
build are strict in the same way.  For example "\S" matches a well-formed
multi-byte sequence or a US-ASCII byte [\x00-\x7F], so a lone stray octet such
as "\x85" or "\xA0" matches neither "\s" nor "\S" as a codepoint:

  $str =~ mb::qr(qr/\S/)    # no match against a lone 0x85

mb::valid() is the explicit, non-destructive predicate built on this same
strict unit: it returns 1 only when the WHOLE string is well-formed, 0 if any
stray octet is present.

=head3 the one deliberate lenient exception: the transpiled dot "."

There is exactly one place where mb is intentionally lenient, and only on the
filter / modulino transpile paths: the metacharacter "." (dot).  A transpiled
"." is "(?>$over_ascii|.)", i.e. a well-formed multi-byte sequence OR any
single octet.  The single-octet fallback is there so that "." never gets stuck
on arbitrary binary or partially-formed octet data, matching the everyday Perl
intuition that "." steps over one "thing".

  # filter / modulino path
  "\x85" =~ /./             # MATCHES (dot falls back to one octet)
  "\x85" =~ /\S/            # does NOT match (classes stay strict)

The runtime interface (path 3, mb::qr / $mb{...}) does NOT take this shortcut:
there even "." is the strict unit, so a lone 0x85 matches nothing at all.  If
you need uniformly strict matching including the dot, use the runtime
interface; if you want "." to behave like plain Perl's octet dot, use the
filter or modulino path.

=head3 the lenient (octet) view, and octet-oriented scripts

"Lenient" in the broad sense is simply the octet view of a string: every byte
is just a byte, there is no validation and no decode.  That is how plain Perl
operators behave, and mb keeps that available on purpose:

=over 2

=item *

CORE::length / CORE::substr / a plain "length" or "substr" in a non-transpiled
script count and slice BYTES (octets), not codepoints.

=item *

A script that calls mb::set_script_encoding() itself is treated as
octet-oriented and is passed through the path-1 filter UNCHANGED (see "The
three paths"), so it keeps managing octets and encoding on its own terms.

=item *

mb does not offer a switch that makes the codepoint walk itself lenient (treat
every stray octet as a one-byte character).  That fully-lenient model was the
UTF-8-only prototype's behaviour and is deliberately NOT adopted here; mb's
codepoint unit stays strict.

=back

=head3 how to choose

=over 2

=item *

Choose the B<codepoint (strict)> model -- the filter, the modulino, or the
runtime subs -- when you process human text and care about correct character
counts, character-aware substr / index / regex, and casing, and when you want
malformed input to be detectable (character classes will not match it, and
mb::valid() will report it).

=item *

Choose the B<octet (lenient)> model -- ordinary Perl operators, or an
octet-oriented script that calls mb::set_script_encoding() and is passed
through unchanged -- for binary-safe I/O, byte-exact pass-through, or when you
manage the encoding boundary yourself.

=item *

Mix them deliberately: stay octet-oriented for I/O and use mb::valid() as an
explicit gate at the point where octets become trusted text, then use the
runtime subs (or transpiled regions) for the codepoint work.

=back

=head1 GIVE US BUG REPORT

We have tested and verified this software using the best of our ability.
However, this software containing much regular expression is bound to contain some bugs.
Thus, if you happen to find a bug that's in this software and not your own program, you can try to reduce it to a minimal test case and then report it to author's address.
If you have an idea that could make this a more useful tool, please let share it.

=head1 From 1998 To You

JPerl is very useful software.
The last version of JPerl is 5.005_04 still today.

Once WATANABE Hirofumi-san who maintained JPerl said,

  "Because WATANABE am tired I give over maintaing JPerl."

at Slide #15: "The future of JPerl" of

L<ftp://ftp.oreilly.co.jp/pcjp98/watanabe/jperlconf.ppt>

in The Perl Confernce Japan 1998.

When I heard it, I thought that someone (excluding me!) would maintain JPerl.
And I slept every night hanging a sock.
Night and day, I kept having hope.
After 10 years, I noticed that white beard exists in the sock :-)

On April 1st, 2008, I released a new version of JPerl, named Sjis software.
Sjis is implemented in two files, Sjis.pm and Esjis.pm.

A few years later, my boss saw it and said it would be better to have made in single file.
So Char software was born.
However, Char software makes Sjis.pm and Esjis.pm at runtime.
This meant that there would be three files (Char.pm, Sjis.pm, and Esjis.pm) on disk.
This was a very bad design.

A few years later again, I made UTF8::R2 module for Perl beginners.
I also made IOas::* modules.

But within a few months, Perl beginner gone far.

So I decided to make a new Sjis software, in a (really!) single file, by single author.

This is a short story of the beginnings of mb.pm modulino.

--- Time flies.

=head1 How To Update This Distribution

Someday all authors of mb.pm modulino may get run over by a bus.

So we write here how to update this distribution for you.

We wish you good luck.

=over 2

=item 1

(MUST) update file "lib/mb.pm"

=item 2

(MUST) update $VERSION of file "lib/mb.pm"

=item 3

(MUST) append to change log to file "Changes"

=item 4

(if you need) update file "README"

=item 5

(if you need) update or add files "t/*.t"

=item 6

(if you need) update file "MANIFEST"

=item 7

repeat command: pmake test [Enter] until all tests PASS

=item 8

type command: pmake dist [Enter]

=item 9

upload *.tar.gz to PAUSE(The [Perl programming] Authors Upload Server)

=back

=head1 AUTHOR

INABA Hitoshi E<lt>ina.cpan@gmail.comE<gt>

This project was originated by INABA Hitoshi.

=head1 LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

This software is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself.
See the LICENSE file for details.

This software is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

=head1 SEE ALSO

 perlunicode, perlunifaq, perluniintro, perlunitut, utf8, bytes,

 PERL PUROGURAMINGU
 Larry Wall, Randal L.Schwartz, Yoshiyuki Kondo
 December 1997
 ISBN 4-89052-384-7
 http://www.context.co.jp/~cond/books/old-books.html

 Programming Perl, Second Edition
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 October 1996
 Pages: 670
 ISBN 10: 1-56592-149-6 | ISBN 13: 9781565921498
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 CPAN Directory INABA Hitoshi
 https://metacpan.org/author/INA
 http://backpan.cpantesters.org/authors/id/I/IN/INA/
 https://metacpan.org/release/Jacode4e-RoundTrip
 https://metacpan.org/release/Jacode4e
 https://metacpan.org/release/Jacode

 Recent Perl packages by "INABA Hitoshi"
 http://code.activestate.com/ppm/author:INABA-Hitoshi/

 Tokyo-pm archive
 https://mail.pm.org/pipermail/tokyo-pm/
 https://mail.pm.org/pipermail/tokyo-pm/1999-September/001844.html
 https://mail.pm.org/pipermail/tokyo-pm/1999-September/001854.html

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 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/12385
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/12392
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/12393
 http://blade.nagaokaut.ac.jp/cgi-bin/scat.rb/ruby/ruby-list/19156

 Announcing Perl 7
 https://www.perl.com/article/announcing-perl-7/

 Perl 7 is coming
 https://www.effectiveperlprogramming.com/2020/06/perl-7-is-coming/

 A vision for Perl 7 and beyond
 https://xdg.me/a-vision-for-perl-7-and-beyond/

 On Perl 7 and the Perl Steering Committee
 https://lwn.net/Articles/828384/

 Perl7 and the future of Perl
 http://www.softpanorama.org/Scripting/Language_wars/perl7_and_the_future_of_perl.shtml

 Perl 7: A Risk-Benefit Analysis
 http://blogs.perl.org/users/grinnz/2020/07/perl-7-a-risk-benefit-analysis.html

 Perl 7 By Default
 http://blogs.perl.org/users/grinnz/2020/08/perl-7-by-default.html

 Perl 7: A Modest Proposal
 https://dev.to/grinnz/perl-7-a-modest-proposal-434m

 Perl 7 FAQ
 https://gist.github.com/Grinnz/be5db6b1d54b22d8e21c975d68d7a54f

 Perl 7, not quite getting better yet
 http://blogs.perl.org/users/leon_timmermans/2020/06/not-quite-getting-better-yet.html

 Re: Announcing Perl 7
 https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2020/06/msg257566.html
 https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2020/06/msg257568.html
 https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2020/06/msg257572.html

 Changed defaults - Are they best for newbies?
 https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2020/08/msg258221.html

 A vision for Perl 7 and beyond
 https://web.archive.org/web/20200927044106/https://xdg.me/archive/2020-a-vision-for-perl-7-and-beyond/

 Sys::Binmode - A fix for Perl's system call character encoding
 https://metacpan.org/pod/Sys::Binmode

 File::Glob::Windows - glob routine for Windows environment.
 https://metacpan.org/pod/File::Glob::Windows

 winja - dirty patch for handling pathname on MSWin32::Ja_JP.cp932
 https://metacpan.org/release/winja

 Win32::Symlink - Symlink support on Windows
 https://metacpan.org/pod/Win32::Symlink

 Win32::NTFS::Symlink - Support for NTFS symlinks and junctions on Microsoft Windows
 https://metacpan.org/pod/Win32::NTFS::Symlink

 Win32::Symlinks - A maintained, working implementation of Perl symlink built in features for Windows.
 https://metacpan.org/pod/Win32::Symlinks

 IBM Kanji Code List
 https://www.yscjp.com/webpetit/ibmKanju.html

 I wanted to get a table to convert IBM kanji code to UTF8 or SJIS → I got it
 https://qiita.com/madilloar/items/12b9e270388c92d0482d

 Locale 'Chinese (Simplified)_China.936' is unsupported, and may crash the interpreter. #145
 https://github.com/StrawberryPerl/Perl-Dist-Strawberry/issues/145

 Locale 'Korean_Korea.949' is unsupported, and may crash the interpreter. with perl 5.38.0.1 #119
 https://github.com/StrawberryPerl/Perl-Dist-Strawberry/issues/119

 5.38 UTF-8 LANG environment variable set results in locale error #150
 https://github.com/StrawberryPerl/Perl-Dist-Strawberry/issues/150

 TANABATA - The Star Festival - common legend of east asia
 https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%95
 https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%A0%EC%84%9D
 https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%95
 https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A7%90%E8%AA%95
 https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E5%A4%95

=head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This software was made referring to software and the document that the
following hackers or persons had made.
I am thankful to all persons.

 Larry Wall, Perl
 http://www.perl.org/

 Jesse Vincent, Compatibility is a virtue
 https://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2010/05/msg159825.html

 Kazumasa Utashiro, jcode.pl: Perl library for Japanese character code conversion, Kazumasa Utashiro
 https://metacpan.org/author/UTASHIRO
 ftp://ftp.iij.ad.jp/pub/IIJ/dist/utashiro/perl/
 http://web.archive.org/web/20090608090304/http://srekcah.org/jcode/
 ftp://ftp.oreilly.co.jp/pcjp98/utashiro/
 http://mail.pm.org/pipermail/tokyo-pm/2002-March/001319.html
 https://twitter.com/uta46/status/11578906320

 Jeffrey E. F. Friedl, Mastering Regular Expressions
 http://regex.info/

 SADAHIRO Tomoyuki, Handling of Shift-JIS text correctly using bare Perl
 http://nomenclator.la.coocan.jp/perl/shiftjis.htm
 https://metacpan.org/author/SADAHIRO

 Yukihiro "Matz" Matsumoto, YAPC::Asia2006 Ruby on Perl(s)
 https://archive.org/details/YAPCAsia2006TokyoRubyonPerls

 jscripter, For jperl users
 http://text.world.coocan.jp/jperl.html

 Bruce., Unicode in Perl
 http://www.rakunet.org/tsnet/TSabc/18/546.html

 Hiroaki Izumi, Cannot use Perl5.8/5.10 on Windows ?
 https://sites.google.com/site/hiroa63iz/perlwin

 Yuki Kimoto, Is it true that cannot use Perl5.8/5.10 on Windows ?
 https://philosophy.perlzemi.com/blog/20200122080040.html

 chaichanPaPa, Matching Shift_JIS file name
 http://chaipa.hateblo.jp/entry/20080802/1217660826

 SUZUKI Norio, Jperl
 http://www.dennougedougakkai-ndd.org/alte/3tte/jperl-5.005_03@ap522/homepage2.nifty.com..kipp..perl..jperl..index.html

 WATANABE Hirofumi, Jperl
 https://www.cpan.org/src/5.0/jperl/
 https://metacpan.org/author/WATANABE
 ftp://ftp.oreilly.co.jp/pcjp98/watanabe/jperlconf.ppt

 Chuck Houpt, Michiko Nozu, MacJPerl
 https://habilis.net/macjperl/index.j.html

 Kenichi Ishigaki, 31st about encoding; To JPerl users as old men
 https://gihyo.jp/dev/serial/01/modern-perl/0031

 Fuji, Goro (gfx), Perl Hackers Hub No.16
 http://gihyo.jp/dev/serial/01/perl-hackers-hub/001602

 Dan Kogai, Encode module
 https://metacpan.org/release/Encode
 https://archive.org/details/YAPCAsia2006TokyoPerl58andUnicodeMythsFactsandChanges
 http://yapc.g.hatena.ne.jp/jkondo/

 Takahashi Masatuyo, JPerl Wiki
 https://jperl.fandom.com/ja/wiki/JPerl_Wiki

 Juerd, Perl Unicode Advice
 https://juerd.nl/site.plp/perluniadvice

 daily dayflower, 2008-06-25 perluniadvice
 https://dayflower.hatenablog.com/entry/20080625/1214374293

 Unicode issues in Perl
 https://www.i-programmer.info/programming/other-languages/1973-unicode-issues-in-perl.html

 numa's Diary: CSI and UCS Normalization
 https://srad.jp/~numa/journal/580177/

 Unicode Processing on Windows with Perl
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344850.html
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344851.html
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344852.html
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344853.html
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344854.html
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344855.html
 http://blog.livedoor.jp/numa2666/archives/52344856.html

 Kaoru Maeda, Perl's history Perl 1,2,3,4
 https://www.slideshare.net/KaoruMaeda/perl-perl-1234

 nurse, What is "string"
 https://naruse.hateblo.jp/entries/2014/11/07#1415355181

 NISHIO Hirokazu, What's meant "string as a sequence of characters"?
 https://nishiohirokazu.hatenadiary.org/entry/20141107/1415286729

 Rick Yamashita, Shift_JIS
 https://shino.tumblr.com/post/116166805/%E5%B1%B1%E4%B8%8B%E8%89%AF%E8%94%B5%E3%81%A8%E7%94%B3%E3%81%97%E3%81%BE%E3%81%99-%E7%A7%81%E3%81%AF1981%E5%B9%B4%E5%BD%93%E6%99%82us%E3%81%AE%E3%83%9E%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%BD%E3%83%95%E3%83%88%E3%81%A7%E3%82%B7%E3%83%95%E3%83%88jis%E3%81%AE%E3%83%87%E3%82%B6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%82%92%E6%8B%85%E5%BD%93
 http://www.wdic.org/w/WDIC/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%95%E3%83%88JIS

 nurse, History of Japanese EUC 22:00
 https://naruse.hateblo.jp/entries/2009/03/08

 Mike Whitaker, Perl And Unicode
 https://www.slideshare.net/Penfold/perl-and-unicode

 Ricardo Signes, Perl 5.14 for Pragmatists
 https://www.slideshare.net/rjbs/perl-514-8809465

 Ricardo Signes, What's New in Perl? v5.10 - v5.16 #'
 https://www.slideshare.net/rjbs/whats-new-in-perl-v510-v516

 YAP(achimon)C::Asia Hachioji 2016 mid in Shinagawa
 Kenichi Ishigaki (@charsbar) July 3, 2016 YAP(achimon)C::Asia Hachioji 2016mid
 https://www.slideshare.net/charsbar/cpan-63708689

 Causes and countermeasures for garbled Japanese characters in perl
 https://prozorec.hatenablog.com/entry/2018/03/19/080000

 Perl regular expression bug?
 http://moriyoshi.hatenablog.com/entry/20090315/1237103809
 http://moriyoshi.hatenablog.com/entry/20090320/1237562075

 Impressions of talking of Larry Wall at LL Future
 https://hnw.hatenablog.com/entry/20080903

 About Windows and Japanese text
 https://blogs.windows.com/japan/2020/02/20/about-windows-and-japanese-text/

 About Windows diagnostic data
 https://blogs.windows.com/japan/2019/12/05/about-windows-diagnostic-data/

=cut
